• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.36 no.1B
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2011

The femtocell is a miniaturized Base Station (BS) with low-cost and low-power using general broadband access network as backhaul. It is expected not only to improve indoor coverage but also to reduce a service charge. However, in IEEE 802,16e femtocells, when the Mobile Station (MS) scans neighbor BSs for handover, it takes a long time due to too many number of femto BSs. Also the size of the neighbor advertisement message that will be periodically sent by a serving BS is increased as the number of target femto BSs for scanning increases. In this paper, we proposed an efficient femtocell scanning scheme, using a triangulation mechanism and a femto BS monitoring scheme to reduce the number of scanning operations and the size of the neighbor advertisement messages. The proposed scheme can avoid wasting air resources and reduce scanning overheads by minimal scanning operation. The simulation results showed that the proposed scheme could improve scanning performance and avoid wasting air resources, compared with the conventional scheme of the IEEE 802.16e system.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.219-222
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop hydroxyapatite cement simplified procedures for reconstruction of craniofacial deformities. Due to its expense and characteristics of quick hardening time, it may be inappropriate for forehead reconstruction or augmentation. Therefore we hear by introduce a more precise, easy and cheap method. The authors report forehead reconstruction with hydroxyapatite cement for a patient who suffered from craniofacial deformity. Methods: Case report and literature review. Results: A 35 year old man came to us with forehead and temporal area depression. He had a history of brain operations due to traumatic epidural hematoma. A physical exam showed an evidence of right side forehead weakness sign. Authors made RP model of his skull and applied check framework with Kirschner's wires for measuring accurate volume and contour on the depressed right side forehead area on the RP model. After complete exposure of defect area by bicoronary insicion, absorbable plate which applied on skull area was removed. Using three Kirschner's wires, authors made check framework on the right forehead lively and fixed with 2-hole miniplates on the boundary of the defect. After checking asymmetry, hydroxyapatite was applied on check shape framework just above Kirschner's wire. After removing Kirschner's wire, we corrected minimal unbalance and contour with bur. Conclusion: Check framework with Kirschner's wire was very convenient and cost saving methods for forehead reconstruction with hydroxyapatite cement.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.121-126
• /
• 1984

Several detailed aspects of medical care services during one year (Aug 1, $1982{\sim}$July 31, 1983) were compared between two community health sub-centers; one (A) was served by a local clinician, the other (B) by a trainee of preventive medicine. The results were analysed as follows: 1. Total spells of medical services during the same period in 'A' sub-center was 4,087 and that in 'B' 2,347. Medicaid visitors in 'A' was 1,051 (25.7% of the total), that in 'B' was 250 (10.7%). Significant difference was observed. 2. Average number of visits for the same case in 'A' was 2.0, that in 'B' was 1.4. Average duration of service by day for the same case in 'A' was 3.9, that in 'B' 3.0. 3. Average cost of service for a case in 'A' was 6,770 won, that in 'B' 4,230 won. 4. Difference in age distribution of visitors in the two sub-centers was insignificant. $0{\sim}9$ year group was 38.5% of the total. Difference in distribution by sex (between two sub-centers) was minimal. Male utilisers more than female by ca. 10%. 5. Concerning distribution of visitors by month, utilisation in July, August and September was the highest; the sum of them was 32.7% of the total in 'A' and 32.9% in 'B'. 6. Distribution by diagnoses in 'A' in decreasing order of frequency was Respiratory system diseases (26.1%), Digestive system diseases (23.0%), Diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue (17.4%), Accidents and poisoning (11.5%) and Diseases of musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (5.4%). That in 'B' was Respiratory system diseases (39.0%), Digestive system diseases (23.0%), Diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue (14.2%), Accidents and poisoning (10.9%) and Infection and parasitic diseases (9.1%). 7. The 10 most frequent diagnoses comprised 68.5% of the total in 'A' and 65.5% in 'B' 8. Utilisation by accessibility to each sub-center was studied. It is shown that the nearer the distance or the easier the accessibility, the more visits to services. The distinct pattern is manifested in the utilisation in 'A'-Myun.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.76-86
• /
• 2020

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is damaging to the growth and quality of lettuce crops in Lanzhou, China. Recently, however, for the first time an isolate of lettuce necrotic yellows virus (LNYV) has been detected in lettuce crops in China, and there is concern that this virus may also pose a threat to lettuce production in China. Consequently, there is a need to develop a rapid and efficient detection method to accurately identify LNYV and CMV infections and help limit their spread. Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assays were developed to detect the nucleoprotein (N) and coat protein (CP) genes of LNYV and CMV, respectively. RT-LAMP amplification products were visually assessed in reaction tubes separately using green fluorescence and gel electrophoresis. The assays successfully detected both viruses in infected plants without cross reactivity recorded from either CMV or LNYV or four other related plant viruses. Optimum LAMP reactions were conducted in betaine-free media with 6 mM Mg²⁺ at 65℃ for LNYV and 60℃ for 60 min for CMV, respectively. The detection limit was 3.5 pg/ml and 20 fg/ml using RT-LAMP for LNYV and CMV plasmids, respectively. Detection sensitivity for both RT-LAMP assays was greater by a factor of 100 compared to the conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. This rapid, specific, and sensitive technique should be more widely applied due to its low cost and minimal equipment requirements.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2010

There are many methods to reduce the weight and the cost of the automobile body, among them, Tailor Welded Blank (TWB) is new welding method applied to body structure. It is necessary to evaluate mechanical properties of TWB structures or sheets for the application to automobile body parts. In this study, the stiffness of T-type and L-type joint structures, composite of TWB panel, which simplified two portions of side structure in automobile body were investigated. Additionally, the fatigue properties of TWB panels were obtained. Two types of welding technologies, laser and mash seam welding, were used to join mild panels with different thickness. This results are compared with conventional structures. The results are as follows: 1) The stiffness of joint structures, composite of TWB panel, is approximately 17% higher than that of conventional ones. 2) The location of welding line in TWB had a effect on the in plane bending stiffness, but not on the out of plane bending stiffness. 3) In terms of welding technology type, the mash seam welding show higher stiffness than the laser welding for in plane bending stiffness. But minimal differences in both types are revealed for out of plane bending stiffness. 4) The fatigue strength, composite of TWB panel, is lower than that of base steel. It is thought that defects in the welding zone had the action of notch in the fatigue test.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2009.03a
• /
• pp.768-773
• /
• 2009

Measuring method being applied for off-shore works is performed by using data logger or manual measuring instrument with wiring the cable connected from the sensor up to the position where measuring is allowed.(upper part of embankment or marine structure) Measuring management by using existing measuring method may be acceptable on the condition that the ground deformation volume(vertical, horizontal) is generally minimal and the site condition is good. But loss of measuring instrument, sensor cable failure or cutting is taken place frequently due to significant change of ground behavior caused by an external force change(embankment, excavation) under very soft ground condition(N value below 0-4). In case of the marine works, in particular, loss rate of measuring instrument is highly represented due to the factors of working barge anchoring, constructional interference and natural disaster. In order to solve these problems, measuring management was performed with employing underground wireless system at the immersed tunnel site. Measuring data was obtained freely under the marine environment by using underground wireless communication and cable cutting potential by ground behavior could be reduced. Measuring cost savings and its installation convenience were maximized by way of off-shore tower installation or cabling and by minimizing constructional interference of off-shore working barge. This case of measuring management was accomplished successfully.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.233-241
• /
• 2008

In order to increase the learning effect in minimal time, it is required that the lecturer tailor the materials to suit the needs and achievement levels of each individual. However, in lecture environments such as in junior colleges. many students enroll under one professor, and many courses are open under the same course title at each department. where each enrolled student possesses different academic needs and achievement levels Therefore. this paper proposes a learning system based on a hypothesis that if a lecturer shares his/her course material to students in other classes of the same subject, and opens up other professors' grading and marks of the same subject to his students, their achievement levels will improve by utilizing other peers' achievements and needs. Also, in order to improve the learning performance, we utilized an e-catalog in order to access students' grading, corrections and coaching, ultimately saving time and cost.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.52-57
• /
• 2002

A simulation tool for an optimal ATIS design and drivers' dynamic route choice behavior analysis is developed, which is applicable to urban networks. Due to the difficulty to make drivers feel the time pressure according to traffic conditions, current SP questionnaire survey type surveys have a limitation to capture correct driver reactions to real-time traffic Information provision. The simulator Is a web-based upgraded version, named WATiSim (Web-based ATIS Simulator), to quickly perform a wide population survey with a minimal cost using INTERNET Furthermore, the time pressure issue is lessened by its interface and simulation modules. After WATiSim mimicked a VMS based ATIS in a partial network of Seoul Metropolitan, reactions of drivers to various traffic conditions were surveyed through INTERNET and analyzed using a logit model. Drivers under the ATIS environment clearly understood the provided traffic information, and their reactions were closely related to traffic conditions, scheduled delay, trip purposes as well as toll charge if any.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we consider a system where multiple sources are encrypted in separated nodes and sent through their respective public communication channels into a joint sink node. We are interested at the problem on protecting the security of an already existing system such above, which is found out to have correlated encryption keys. In particular, we focus on finding a solution without introducing additional secret keys and with minimal modification to minimize the cost and the risk of bringing down an already running system. We propose a solution under a security model where an eavesdropper obtains all ciphertexts, i.e., encrypted sources, by accessing available public communication channels. Our main technique is to use encoders of universal function to encode the ciphertexts before sending them to public communication channels.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.105-113
• /
• 1994

This paper introduces the Parallel Advanced Loosely coupled Multiprocessor (PALM) architecture, which is based on HCH(m,p), where m is number of links per a communication processor (CP) and p is the number of application processors (APs) connected to the CP. communication links between a pair of CPs and/or between a CP and an AP, are made of dual-Port RAMs, which provide fast and reliable word-parallel communication between processors. Among the wide spectrum of HCH networks, HCH(m,2) is also known to be a cost optimal topology, such that HCH(m,2) consists of the largest number of APs retaining the minimal number of CPs and communication links. We also implement a testbed based on HCH(2,2). The experiment result shows that the small communication/computation ratio of the PALM system would realize fine-grain parallelism on message-passing MIMD systems.