• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.23-33
• /
• 2009

It can be used easily to reduce rehabilitation and treatment time if diagnostic and therapeutic devices are attached to cloth or body. Therefore we developed neuromuscular wearable ultra-miniature lighting modules which can improve the neuromuscular function and verified its clinical effectiveness. The system is based on the ultra-miniature lighting treatment module and there are two types of systems. One of them is designed as an attached type and the other type is combined with clothing. The wearable ultra-miniature lighting module is composed of controller (battery, MCU, bidirectional transmitter and receiver), cable, treatment medium generating device and other peripheral devices. To verify the clinical effectiveness of this device, we observed the difference of the strength of a muscle before and after 650nm and 25mW laser irradiation on the reflex point for 1 to 4 seconds. Among 48 patients having the degenerative osteoarthritis, the muscle strength before and after irradiation of laser was $21.8{\pm}7.99$ and $27.3{\pm}8.43$. According to the result, the muscle strength after treatment was significantly increased (p<0.01). To whom having difficulty in visiting to OPD(Out-Patient Department), doctors medically examine the patients and find the therapeutic point, attachment of this wearable ultra-miniature lighting module can function as self treatment (treating instrument) and treatment assist at home. If doctor can remotely control the patient and take part in treatment, the therapeutic device could contribute to prevention and care device.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2010

Evaluation of the myelography was studied in miniature pigs. Radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) images of the whole spine were obtained at clinically healthy twelve miniature pigs of 4 (8.7-10 kg) and 12 (26-31 kg) months. The assessments of the spinal cord were made in accordance with the Pavlov's method and compared area ratio [at spinal cord (SC), vertebral canal (VC) and vertebral body (VB)]. The Pavlov's ratio in the cervical spine was significant larger than that of thoracolumbar in radiographic myelography. On CT myelography, the area of the spinal cord had a significant difference between the cervical and thoracolumbar spine. Among the cervical spine, the ratios of spinal cord and vertebral body (SC : VB), vertebral canal and vertebral body (VC : VB) were minimum at the level of 4th cervical spine in both ages, while maximum at the level of 6th cervical spine in both months. In case of lumbar spine, the ratios of spinal cord and vertebral body (SC : VB) were the largest at the level of 4th lumbar spine in 4 months and at the level of 3rd lumbar spine in 12 months. In addition, the ratio of spinal cord and vertebral body (SC : VB) of the cervical spinal cord was significant lower at 4 months but the lumbar spinal cord showed lower pattern at 12 months old miniature pigs.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2012

The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of adding TES to LEY and FGE freezing extender for the sperm viability, acrosomal morphology and DNA fragmentation from miniature pig sperm, we evaluated sperm characteristics in TFGE, TLE and LEY with various thawing condition ($37^{\circ}C$ for 20 sec, 45 sec and $75^{\circ}C$ for 5 sec, respectively), and in different concentration of glycerol at 1%, 1.5%, 3%. The sperm viability and normal acrosome intact(NAI) in TFGE (Viability : $60.3{\pm}2.4$, NAI : $58.6{\pm}2.2%$), TLE ($61.3{\pm}2.4$, $62.2{\pm}2.2%$) extender significantly(p<0.05) increased than that in LEY ($50.2{\pm}2.4$, $54.5{\pm}2.2%$) extender thawed at $75^{\circ}C$ for 5 sec. According to the results from glycerol concentration, the viability and NAI of miniature pig sperm in 1.5% glycerol TLE ($66.1{\pm}3.2$, $66.2{\pm}1.0%$) was highest among the experimental groups. In accordance with this, DNA fragmentation rates was the lowest in TLE ($43.3{\pm}0.5%$) while that in LEY ($63.5{\pm}2.3%$) is the highest. Therefore, these results suggest that TLE extender method for freezing- thawing of miniature pig sperm increased the viability after thawing.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.410-413
• /
• 2007

A four-year old, female Miniature Pinscher was presented with intermittent coughing. Thoracic radiography and ultrasonography revealed the consolidation of left cranial lung lobe surrounded by pleural effusion and the extraction of left lung lobe was performed through thoracotomy. This case has the clinical significance because lung lobe torsion was diagnosed by non-cardiac ultrasonographic examination, therefore surgical correction was performed without delay and led good outcome. Moreover, the authors believe the present case was the first report on lung lobe torsion in Miniature Pinscher dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.429-433
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to find anatomical variation of each small breed dog's dentition for designing more effective dental chews. Small breed dogs were volunteered for dental impressions with dental stone and alginate under tiletamine-zolazepam, tramadol, and medetomidine intravenous anesthesia. Twenty-two criteria were measured to compare dental impressions. Twenty-five dogs (9 Malteses, 8 Miniature Poodles, and 8 Shih-Tzus) were recruited. Statistically, Shih-Tzus had smaller teeth and shorter interdental spaces than those of Maltese and Miniature Poodles. Grossly, the distance between upper teeth and lower teeth was wider in Shih-Tzus. Shih-Tzu had different dental anatomy in comparative to Miniature Poodle and Maltese. It was recommended to design the dental chew considering these differences.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.174-178
• /
• 2007

This paper presents a novel, highly sensitive condenser microphone with a flexure hinge diaphragm. We used the finite-element analysis (FEA) to evaluate the mechanical and acoustic performance of the condenser microphone with a hinge diaphragm. And we fabricated the miniature condenser microphones with area of 1.5 mm${\times}$1.5 mm. From the simulation results, we confirmed that the maximum displacements at the center of flexure hinge diaphragms are several hundred times, compared with flat diaphragms. The sensitivities of fabricated miniature microphones are about $12.87{\mu}V/Pa$ at 1 kHz under a low bias voltage of 1 V, and the frequency response is flat upto 13 kHz.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2000.04b
• /
• pp.353-358
• /
• 2000

This paper presents the experimental investigation about miniature heat pipe for notebook PC. The focus of analysis is the operating temperature not to exceed $65^{\circ}C$ maximum allowable CPU surface temperature. Copper is used to heat pipe material and brass is wick material, and working fluid is selected to water. This cooling system is heat spreader method using a aluminum plate, since this method is most commonly used. According to the present study, heat for 3mm heat pipe, 8W, and for 4mm heat pipe, 10W, is found to power dissipation limit respectively, Soon after this investigation, sufficient long term life test should be followed.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2000.04b
• /
• pp.341-346
• /
• 2000

This experimental study investigated the flow motion of the working fluid for various diameters of miniature thermosyphons and the performance characteristics for the various amount of the working fluid. The temperatures of condenser surface were measured and visual observations were conducted. The test results show that some fluid condensed in the tube diameters of 0.18cm and 0.22cm is not returned to the evaporator section due to capillary effect so that large temperature gradients are measured. To enhance returning the working fluid, one copper wire of 0.5mm diameter was inserted and the test results show good performance. When the liquid charge was less than 10% in volume dry-out was occurred fur the thermosyphons of the inner diameter of 1.8mm and 2.2mm.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.105-109
• /
• 1984

Five Korean native goats were employed to test the effectiveness of the two modified techniques (Method I and II) of Pawlow's pouch method, Both methods turned out to be successful and simpler than the original pawlow's pouch method. In both methods, the miniature rumens were formed on the junction of two veins; versa ruminalis sinistra and vena ruminalis dextra. Both method I and II have the advantage of shortening the operation time, but caution is necessary to prevent the fistula formation between the rumen and miniature rumen in Method I.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.99-109
• /
• 1996

Experimental investigations are carried out for the characteristics of bubble rise in the Miniature Two-Phase closed Thermosyphon(MTPCT) with a thin wire insert. The working fluids applied as experimental media are of three kinds: water, methanol, and ethanol. The effects of combination of the inclination with diametric ratio $\alpha$(=d$_{0}$/D$_{I}$) on rising velocity of a large bubble in the thermosyphon are explicitly analyzed. The realm of a movable bubble and the critical value of $\alpha$ are iteratively pursued to interpret the region Figures-of-Break, rooted in the governing physics relations, according to the application of working fluid. Experimental results are compared with those of analysis and critical ranges for $\alpha$ and D$_{I}$ were ascertained from comparisons.isons.