• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.711-717
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• 2017

A fundamental study was conducted on the dissolution of North Korean magnesite using hydrochloric acid to understand the dissolution behavior of the magnesium and impurities. The influence of the acid concentration, particle size of the magnesite, reaction temperature, and pulp density on the dissolution of magnesium, iron, calcium, aluminum, and silicon dioxide was studied. The experimental results showed that 98.5% of magnesium, 86.9% of iron, 87.3% of calcium, 23.6% of aluminum, and 20.4% of silicon dioxide were dissolved when magnesite particle sizes within the range of $75{\sim}105{\mu}m$ were reacted using 3 M HCl solution under 6% pulp density at 363 K for 3 h. The residues that remained after the dissolution were silicon dioxide, talc, and clinochlore.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Deep geological disposal is the preferred storage method for high-level radioactive waste, because it ensures stable long-term storage with minimal potential for human disruption. Because of the risk of groundwater contamination, a buffer of steel and bentonite layers has been proposed to prevent the leaching of radionuclides into groundwater. Quartz is one of the most common minerals in earth's crust. To understand how deformation and dissolution phenomena affect waste disposal, here we study quartz samples at pressure, temperature, and pH conditions typical of deep geological disposal sites. We perform a dissolution experiment for single quartz crystals under different pressure and temperature conditions. Solution samples are collected and the dissolution rate is calculated by analyzing Si concentrations in a solution excited by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). After completing the dissolution experiment, deformation of the quartz sample surfaces is investigated with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). An empirical formula is introduced that describes the relationship between dissolution rate, pressure, and temperature. These results suggest that bentonite layers in engineering barrier systems may be vulnerable to thermal deformation, even when exposed to higher temperatures on relatively short timescales.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.56-61
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• 2009

The dissolution of domestic aluminum hydroxide of 99.7% purity has been performed with mineral and organic acid prior to the synthesis of aluminum compounds from aluminum solution. Mean particle size of aluminum hydroxide used in the work was $14.4{\mu}m$, $22.9{\mu}m$ and $62.3{\mu}m$, respectively and the effect of reaction temperature, concentration of acid and reaction time on the dissolution of aluminum hydroxide has been examined. As a result, the dissolution of aluminum hydroxide was increased with the concentration of HCl and more than 70% dissolution was obtained with 5 mole/l HCl at $70^{\circ}C$ for reaction time of 4 hr. As far as the dissolution of aluminum hydroxide with sulfuric acid was concerned, it was found that the optimum concentration of sulfuric acid was about 6 mole/l for the effective dissolution of aluminum hydroxide. When oxalic acid was used for the dissolution of aluminum hydroxide, nearly complete dissolution could be obtained by the dissolution for 16 hr with 1.0 mole/l oxalic acid at $90^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.447-454
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• 2009

Electrolyzed reduced water was known as an alkaline solvent than piped water, natural water and mineral water etc. By means of reduction property, electrolyzed reduced water could dissolve a solute than other kinds of water without chemicals. In this study, serpentine dissolution in electrolyzed reduced water was investigated as a novel pre-treatment of serpentine which was a minerals for carbon dioxide sequestration. The elements (Ca, Si, Mg etc.) of serpentine were dissolved rapidly at early in the dissolvation then after some minutes the solubilities of serpentine elements showed stable state without abrupt changes. In spite of serpentine elements dissolution, chemical bondings and crystallographic structure of serpentine were not changed. It was explained that the dissolution mechanism of serpentine occurred from surface in electrolyzed reduced water and bulk structure sustained without collapse.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.38-45
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• 2009

Dissolution characteristics of magnesite ore in hydrochloric acid solution and removal of impurity were investigated. The dissolution yield increased with increasing temperature and with decreasing particle size. The optimum conditions for dissolution were found to be reaction period of 120 min, reaction temperature of $80^{\circ}C$ and mean particle size of 100. Under optimal dissolution condition the extraction of Mg was 98%. It was found that most of Si and Al exist in the residue, and they can be removed by filtering. Dissolved impurity ions were precipitated as metal hydroxides by pH adjustment. Polymers were used as coagulants for metal hydroxides and the suitable coagulant dosage was 1mg/100ml of non-ionic polymer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.12-15
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• 2004

Groundwater contamination susceptibility studies have many advantages in groundwater monitoring, management and future planning. Several methods have been developed and applied to the groundwater regime through out the world. However, each and every method has some limitations. In this study, a detailed review was carried out about the already existing methods for groundwater contamination susceptibility studies. Additionally, a new parameter called mineral dissolution factor is recommended for groundwater contamination susceptibility studies. This parameter is applied for groundwate contamination susceptibility studies in Namwon area, Korea. The result of this approach suggests that mineral dissolution parameter could overcome the limitations as observed in the earlier methods.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.2918-2925
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• 2021

The efficiency of decontamination of model spent ion exchange resins, contaminated with magnetite and hematite, with mineral acid solutions, and using electro-decontamination, was evaluated. It has been shown that effective hematite dissolution occurs in concentrated mineral acid solutions. However, the use of direct current increases the decontamination efficiency of spent ion exchange resins contaminated with hematite. It is determined that with increasing voltage and acid concentration, the dissolution efficiency of hematite deposits increases and can exceed 99%. It has been shown that hematite dissolution is accompanied by secondary adsorption of radionuclides due to ion exchange, which can be removed with sodium nitrate solutions.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

This study explored secondary effects of the residual hydrofluoric acid (HF) after a hypothetical acid spill accident by investigating the long-term dissolution of minerals and leaching of pre-existing arsenic (As) from two soil samples (i.e., KBS and KBM) through batch and column experiments. An increase in the HF concentration in both soil samples resulted in a dramatic increase in the release of major cations, especially Si. However, the amounts of mineral dissolved were dependent on the soil type and mineral characteristics. Compared to the KBM soil, relatively more Ca, Mg and Si were dissolved from the KBS soil. The column experiment showed that the long-term dissolution rates of the minerals are closely associated with the acid buffering capacity of the two soils. The KBM soil had relatively higher effluent pH values compared to the KBS soil. Also, more As was leached from the KBM soil, with a more amorphous hydrous oxide-bound As fraction. These results suggest that the potential of heavy metal leaching by the residual acid after an acid spill will be influenced by heavy metal speciation and mineral structure in the affected soil.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.340-347
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• 2008

Dissolution process of serpentine in distilled water was systematically investigated for study on pre-treatment of serpentine which was a candidate material for carbon dioxide sequestration. The metallic ions(Ca, Si, Mg etc.) were dissolved in distilled water at ambient condition and their concentrations were changed with dissolution time. The precise evaluation of dissolution process for serpentine dissolved solvent was performed by ion conductivity and pH measurement. Serpentine dissolution in distilled water was evaluated as a stable pre-treatment process without changes of crystallographic structure and chemical structure changes.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2015

If $CO_2$ stored for geological sequestration escapes from deep formations and is introduced to shallow aquifers, it dissolves into groundwater, creates acidic environments, and enhance mineral dissolution from rocks and soils. Among these minerals, dissolution and spread of hazardous trace metals can cause environmental problems with detrimental impacts on groundwater quality. This study aims to investigate geochemical effects of $CO_2$ in groundwater on dissolution of galena, the main mineral controlling the mobility of lead. A series of batch experiments are performed with granulated galena in $CO_2$ solutions under various experimental conditions for $CO_2$ concentration and reaction temperature. Results show that dissolution of galena is significantly enhanced under acidic environments so that both of equilibrium concentrations and dissolution rates of lead increase. For thermodynamic analysis on galena dissolution, the apparent rate constants and the activation energy for galena dissolution are calculated by applying rate law to experimental results. The apparent rate constants are $6.71{\times}10^{-8}mol/l{\cdot}sec$ at $15^{\circ}C$, $1.77{\times}10^{-7}mol/l{\cdot}sec$ at $25^{\circ}C$, $3.97{\times}10^{-7}mol/l{\cdot}sec$ at $35^{\circ}C$ and the activation energy is 63.68 kJ/mol. The galena dissolution is suggested to be a chemically controlled surface reaction, and the rate determining step is the dissociation of Pb-S bond of surface complex.