• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.358-365
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• 2019

We measured the body composition, including bone mineral density (BMD) and food resource availability using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of body condition of 4 anuran species(Hyla japonica, Glandirana rugosa, Pelophylax nigromaculatus, Lithobates catesbeianus) in South Korea. Additionally, the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were employed to determine the food resource availability of anurans. We figured out the relationship between the body composition, including BMDs and food resource availability. The body composition and BMDs did not differ between male and female while there was difference among the species. Food resource availability and BMDs were the highest in L. catesbeianus, the lowest in H. japonica. BMDs tended to increase with higher food resource availability. Body composition and BMDs, which represent the body condition of an individual, can be used as an ecological indicator to assess the stability of the habitat of anurans.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.133-151
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• 2013

The availability of advanced nanotechnological methodologies (experimental and theoretical) has widened the investigation of biological/organic matter in interaction with substrates. Minerals are good candidates as substrates because they may present a wide variety of physico-chemical properties and surface nanostructures that can be used to actively condense and manipulate the biomolecules. Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) is one of the best suited techniques used to investigate at a single molecule level the surface interactions. In addition, the recent availability of high performance computing has increased the possibility to study quantum mechanically the interaction phenomena extending the number of atoms involved in the simulation. In the present paper, firstly we will briefly introduce new SPM technological developments and applications to investigate mineral surfaces and mineral-biomolecule interaction, then we will present results on the specific RNA-mineral interaction and recent basics and applicative achievements in the field of the interactions between other fundamental biological molecules and mineral surfaces from both an experimental and theoretical point of view.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.169-179
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• 2000

An experiment was conducted to measure the effect of crude phytase supplementation on the growing performance, blood concentrations of some minerals and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens. Day-old 240 male broiler chickens (Avian) were randomly allotted to four treatments. There were six replicates per treatment, and ten chicks per replicate. Treatments consisted of two levels of crude phytase (0 and 600U/kg) made from Aspergillus ficuum and two levels of non-phytate P (0.45 and 0.35% NPP for the starter period, and 0.35 and 0.25% NPP for the grower period), making the experiment 2$\times$2 factorial. The starter period was from hatch to 21 d of age, and grower period was from 22 to 35 d of age. Feed intake and weight gain of chicks fed diet containing phytase were higher(P〈0.05) than those of chicks fed diets without phytase, however, no differences was found in feed/gain. mortality, and nutrient availabilities regarding the phytase supplementation. Chickens fed diets with low NPP and phytase excreted lower P than did birds fed diets containing normal NPP without phytase. The level of NPP and phytase did not affect N excretion. The Ca availability was increased by feeding low NPP diet. Dietary phytase increased the availabilities of P and Mg, but decreased those of Fe and Zn. There was interactions between dietary NPP level and phytase addition on mineral availability. Tibia was lighter and shorter in low NPP groups, and heavier in phytase treated groups. The tibial contents of Ca, P and Mg decreased in low NPP treated groups, but increased in phytase treated groups. The ash content of tibia of chickens fed diet with phytase was higher than that of birds fed diets without phytase. These data suggest that the crude phytase supplementation to broiler diets containing low NPP level improves growth performance and mineral availability and, reduces fecal P excretion.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.331-339
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• 2008

The effects of heat and formaldehyde treatments of soybean meal and rapeseed meal on ruminal release of minerals from the meals were studied on three sheep fitted with rumen cannula. Oilseed meals were treated at 133, $143^{\circ}C$ for 3h or added with formaldehyde at a level of 3, 5g/kg. The ruminal release of P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe and Zn from the oilseed meals was examined using the nylon bag technique. Effective degradabilities of minerals in the oilseed meals were reduced by both treatments. The results suggest that rumen bypass treatments of oilseed meals prevent the release of minerals from the meals during rumen digestion and suppress the availability of mineals for ruminants. Eventually, the increase of heavy metal pollution in soil is anticipated due to the increase of mineral content in the feces of ruminants by ruminal protein bypass treatments.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.151-163
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• 2008

Since the country's opening to the world, China's rapid economic growth has resulted in strong demand for a wide variety of mineral commodities. During the same period, China's mineral production increased sharply. China's increased mineral production and demand affected the worldwide availability of minerals and metals, the market prices, and trade. Ministry of Land and Resources of China (MLR) planned to build as many as 10 strategic mineral reserve, including reserves of aluminium, copper, manganese, uranium, and other mineral that the country urgently needed. In white paper of China's mineral resources, China is planning the mineral resources conservation and its reasonable utilization, domestic supply increase of resources, activation of cooperative development with foreign partners, balance in resources development and environment conservation, and sustainable resources management as the mineral resources policies for the China's economic development.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48
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• pp.13-23
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• 2003

The trace mineral, selenium (Se), is an essential nutrient of fundamental importance to human health. It is also very toxic and can cause Se poisoning (selenosis) in human and animals when its intake exceeds a suitable amount. Se functions within mammalian systems primarily in the form of solenoprotein. About 35 selenoproteins have been identified, though many have not yet been fully elucidated. Selenoproteins contain Se as selenocyseine (Sec) and perform variety of structural and enzymic roles; the enzymic roles are best-known as the antioxidants for hydrogen peroxides and lipid peroxides, and the catalysts for production of activity thyroid hormone. Glutathione peroxidases ($\textrm{GP}_X$) among the selenoproteins prevent the generation of free radicals and decrease the risk of oxidative damage to tissues, as does thioredoxin reductase (TR). TR also provides reducing power for several biochemical processes. Selenoproteins P and W are involved with oxidant defense in plasma and muscle, respectively, A selenoprotein is also required for sperm motility and may reduce the risk of miscarriage. Some epidemiological studies have revealed an inverse correlation between Se status and cardiovascular disease, and there is considerable evidence 1mm population com-parison data and animal studies that Se is anticarcinogenic. It is also suggested that Se should be needed for the proper functioning of the immune system, and appear to be a key nutrient in counteracting the development of virulence and inhibiting HIV progression to AIDS. As research continues, the role of selenium in the etiology of chronic diseases like appropriate medical nutrition therapy can be delivered and its effectiveness assessed. Se status in individuals is affected by diet and the availability of the Se. The Se content of plants is affected by the content and availability of the element in the soil in which they are grown, and so greatly varies from country to country, while the Se composition of meat reflects the feeding patterns of livestock. This paper provides an overview on Se as an essential trace mineral for human.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.125-129
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• 1994

A field survey was carried out in Korea to assess the mineral composition of rice straw since it is a cheap and available cattle feedstuff. Forage and soil samples were collected in 4 localities in the Kyongbuk province. Soil analysis were also carried out in order to establish the relationships between soil composition and mineral content in the rice straw. Based on NRC tables, the rice straw samples provided adequate amounts of Mg, Ca, K, S, Mo, Mn and Zn. Percentages of samples deficient in P, Na, Cu and Se were 83, 50, 67 and 83 respectively. Soil samples, whose mean pH was 5.8 and mean organic matter content was 3.99%, were comparatively acidic and had high organic matter content. They also had high amounts of extractable Fe and Mn. Correlation coefficients between mineral content in soil and rice straw were low, i.e., 0.42 for Me (p < 0.05), and 0.37 for Mo (p < 0.05). The low or nonexistent correlation between soil and forage composition indicates the difficulty of establishing appropriate methods of mineral availability to the plants.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 2017

Global warming affects water supply and water resources throughout the world. In many countries, climate change affects significantly on the fresh water resources. Vietnam is exposed mainly, to landslides and floods triggered by tropical storms and monsoon rains, although storm surge, whirlwind, river bank and coastal line erosion, hail rain. In addition to the prevalent drought, there are many major water challenges, including water availability, stress, scarcity and accessibility, because of poor resource management. Fast growth of urbanization, industrialization and population growth, agricultural activities and climate change cause heavy pressure on water quality. Both domestic and industrial wastewater, as well as storm water shares the same drainage. The common facilities for wastewater treatment are not available. Therefore, wastewater is treated only superficially and then discharged directly into rivers and lakes causing serious pollution of surface water environment. In this paper, we reported the severe water crisis and massive green algal blooms formation in Vietnam rivers and lakes. This is the biggest evidence of climate change variations in Vietnam.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.515-521
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• 2013

In this study, we examined the effects of organic types of calcium derived from oyster shell (OS-Ca) and nano-calcium (Nano-Ca) on the bio-availability and physiological responses associated with bone health in ovariectomised rats. Increased body weight, which is one of the physiological effects of ovary removal, was significantly recovered by Nano-Ca treatment (p<0.05). The reduced calcium level in the liver in ovariectomised rat was increased significantly with OS-Ca and Nano-Ca treatment (p<0.05), suggesting improved calcium bio-availability. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were analysed as biochemical markers of bone metabolism and health in the presence or absence of OSCa and Nano-Ca. ALP, osteocalcin, and DPD levels increased following ovary removal and tended to decrease after treatment with Nano-Ca, indicating that Nano-Ca induces favourable bone metabolism. This result was reflected in the recovery of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of the femur after Nano-Ca treatment following ovary removal. Taken together, our data show that the tested calcium treatments, especially using Nano-Ca, enhanced the bioavailability or absorption of calcium and positively affected bone metabolism in ovariectomised rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.1073-1077
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• 2010

This study was aimed to evaluate the estimated availabilities and contents of major minerals (Ca, P, and Mg) in seven different seaweeds using the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) which could bind minerals. The estimated availability was calculated by subtracting the NDF-bound major mineral contents from the total major mineral contents of seaweeds. Average estimated availability of Ca, P, and Mg contents of seven seaweeds were 96.31, 73.24, and 96.79%, respectively. These results may suggest that seaweeds could be one of the good sources of major minerals for human nutrition because of their high average estimated availabilities of Ca, P, and Mg.