• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.147-158
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• 2020

Korea Ministry of National Defense has directed the state-of-the-art technology Forces troops structures that can respond to security threats in all directions through the Defense Innovation 2.0, which aims to reorganize the personnel and organizations in response to population decline. An implement of effective analysis to maintain combat power is necessary due to possible restrictions on combat power, especially in division of mobilization where reserve manpower is operated frequently. In this study, the normal operations of the reserve officers were investigated, the direct effects of the combat forces of the reserve officers was analyzed using ARENA modeling, and the budget required to operate the innovation and indirect effects of employment of veterans were studied. The result of the simulation proved to be effective in demonstrating unit combat power when the reserve officer was in full-time operations and economic benefits were also significant in terms of efficiency of defense budget management.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7159-7162
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• 2014

Background: Patients with recurrent or refractory osteosarcoma are considered to have a very poor prognosis, and new regimens are needed to improve the prognosis in this setting. Gemcitabine, a nucleoside antimetabolite, is an analog of deoxycytidine which mainly inhibits DNA synthesis through interfering with DNA chain elongation and depleting deoxynucleotide stores, resulting in gemcitabine-induced cell death. Here we performed a systemic analysis to evaluate gemcitabine based chemotherapy as salvage treatment for patients with recurrent or refractory osteosarcoma. Methods: Clinical studies evaluating the impact of gemcitabine based regimens on response and safety for patients with osteosarcoma were identified by using a predefined search strategy. Pooled response rates (RRs) of treatment were calculated. Results: In gemcitabine based regimens, 4 clinical studies which included 66 patients with recurrent or refractory osteosarcoma were considered eligible for inclusion. Systemic analysis suggested that, in all patients, pooled RR was 12.1% (8/66) in gemcitabine based regimens. Major adverse effects were hematologic toxicity, including grade 3 or 4 anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia in gemcitabine based treatment. No treatment related death occurred in gemcitabine based treatment. Conclusion: This systemic analysis suggests that gemcitabine based regimens are associated with mild activity with good tolerability in treating patients with recurrent or refractory osteosarcoma.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.364-369
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• 2013

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays an indispensable role in epidermal pigmentation in hyperpigmentary disorders due to a central role in melanogenesis. Nevertheless, precise mechanism involved in ET-1-induced hyperpigmentation is still undefined. Glycoprotein (transmembrane) non-metastatic melanoma protein b (GPNMB) is a key element in melanosome formation. Therefore, we speculated that GPNMB was correlated with ET-1-induced pigmentation. After culturing with ET-1, melanin synthesis was significantly up-regulated, accompanying with increased expression of GPNMB and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Total number of melanosomes and melanin synthesis were sharply reduced via GPNMB-siRNA transfection, indicating ET-1-induced pigmentation by GPNMB-dependent manner. Furthermore, MITF-siRNA transfection strikingly inhibited GPNMB expression and the melanogenesis, and this suppression failed to be alleviated by ET-1 stimulation. All of these results demonstrated that ET-1 can trigger melanogenesis via the MITF-regulated GPNMB pathway. Taken together, these findings will provide a new explanation of how ET-1 induces hyperpigmentation, and possibly supply a new strategy for cosmetic studies.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.886-893
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• 2018

U.S. and the allies attacked chemical weapons sites in Syria in 2018, and verbal battles are carried out about the effectiveness of the air strike. Syria claimed 13 missiles were shot down, and Russia claimed 71 missiles were shot down while the U.S. released pictures of completely destroyed targets, only. It led controversy about the effectiveness of missile defense system. If there is a method to observe mission success rate of the air strike, it can not only improve combat awareness but also can be a good sales strategy in military industry. This paper describes effects and considerations of a Weapon Data Link(WDL) technology which can be used as a smoking gun of effectiveness. The paper describes WDL abilities such as In-Flight Track Update, Loiter, and Bomb Hit Indication etc., and presents examples of expected effectiveness of the WDL. In addition, this paper briefly summarizes operational consideration for better performance.

• Strategy21
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• 통권31호
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• pp.57-84
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• 2013

North Korea's continuous threats and provocative behaviors have aggravated tension on the Korean peninsula particularly with the recent nuclear weapons test. South Korea's best way to cope with this situation is to maintain the balance among three policy directions: dialogue, sanctions, and deterrence. Among the three, I argue that deterrence should be prioritized. There are different sources of deterrence such as military power, economic power, and diplomatic clouts. States can build deterrence capability independently. Alternatively, they may do so through relations with other states including alliances, bilateral relations, or multilateral relations in the international community. What South Korea needs most urgently is to maintain deterrence against North Korea's local provocations through the enhancement of independent military capability particularly by addressing the asymmetric vulnerability between militaries of the South and the North. Most of all, the South Korean government should recognize the seriousness of the negative consequences that North Korea's 'Nuclear shadow strategy' would bring about for the inter-Korea relations and security situations in Northeast Asia. Based on this understanding, it should develop an 'assertive deterrence strategy' that emphasizes 'multi-purpose, multi-stage, and tailored deterrence whose main idea lies in punitive retaliation.' This deterrence strategy requires a flexible targeting policy and a variety of retaliatory measures capable of taking out all targets in North Korea. At the same time, the force structures of the army, the air force, and the navy should be improved in a way that maximizes their deterrence capability. For example, the army should work on expanding the guided missile command and the special forces command and reforming the reserve forces. The navy and the air force should increase striking capabilities including air-to-ground, ship-to-ground, and submarine-to-ground strikes to a great extent. The marine corps can enhance its deterrence capability by changing the force structure from the stationary defense-oriented one that would have to suffer some degree of troop attrition at the early stage of hostilities to the one that focuses on 'counteroffensive landing operations.' The government should continue efforts for defense reform in order to obtain these capabilities while building the 'Korean-style triad system' that consists of advanced air, ground, and surface/ subsurface weapon systems. Besides these measures, South Korea should start to acquire a minimum level of nuclear potential within the legal boundary that the international law defines. For this, South Korea should withdraw from the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty. Moreover, it should obtain the right to process and enrich uranium through changing the U.S.-South Korea nuclear cooperation treaty. Whether or not we should be armed with nuclear weapons should not be understood in terms of "all or nothing." We should consider an 'in-between' option as the Japanese case proves. With regard to the wartime OPCON transition, we need to re-consider the timing of the transition as an effort to demonstrate the costliness of North Korea's provocative behaviors. If impossible, South Korea should take measures to make the Strategic Alliance 2015 serve as a persisting deterrence system against North Korea. As the last point, all the following governments of South Korea should keep in mind that continuing reconciliatory efforts should always be pursued along with other security policies toward North Korea.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2014

Heating and hot water supply energy consumption of medium and multi boiler systems applied to military officer housing are compared with in-situ experiment and TRNSYS dynamic simulation program. In a multiple boiler system, small capacity boilers are connected in parallel to meet the required capacity. For handling partial loads, medium capacity boiler relies on on-off control, while multi boiler adopts PI control. Since multi boiler has higher efficiency and better control strategy, the results show that energy consumption can be reduced significantly with the multi boiler system.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2005

A total of 108 strains of MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) clinical isolates was collected from $121^{st}$ general hospital (U.S. military hospital), Korean healthcare facility from January to March in 2005 and Wonju Christian hospital in 1999. Antimicrobial susceptibility test by Vitek System and MIC test using oxacillin and cephalothin stripes by E-test were executed. PCR based detection of mecA gene was performed on the all of MRSA clinical isolates, too. MRSA clinical isolates were characterized with antimicrobial resistance patterns, PCR based detection of mecA gene and validation of the multiplex PCR strategy of SCCmec among clinical isolates.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.147-159
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• 1989

This paper presents a formalized methodology for conducting cost-effectiveness analysis on the ROK Navy's maritime patrol aircraft. The methodology involves a Delphi method application for determining the group of appraisal variables as well as their weight values in the area of aircraft effectiveness analysis, Life-cycle costing was employed to produce cost in terms of present worth values of all costs that occur over the common 20-year life cycle. A wide range of experts was selected so that their opinions could be effectively collected and synthesized to form the framework of the effectiveness model. Such a model development strategy provides easy acceptance of the analysis result and assure fairness of the analysis.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.107-121
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• 2005

In this study, a new fictitious play (FP) procedure is presented to solve two-person zero-sum (TPZS) Blotto games. The FP solution procedure solves TPZS games by assuming that the two players take turns selecting optimal responses to the opponent's strategy observed so far. It is known that FP converges to an optimal solution, and it may be the only realistic approach to solve large games. The algorithm uses dynamic programming (DP) to solve FP subproblems. Efficiency is obtained by limiting the growth of the DP state space. Blotto games are frequently used to solve simple missile defense problems. While it may be unlikely that the models presented in this paper can be used directly to solve realistic offense and defense problems, it is hoped that they will provide insight into the basic structure of optimal and near-optimal solutions to these important, large games, and provide a foundation for solution of more realistic, and more complex, problem

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2008

Many advanced countries including the U.S. consider defense standardization as a critical task for the efficient acquisition and effective operation of weapon systems and have implemented the appropriate standardization policy by synchronizing the defense acquisition strategies and nation standardization policy with defense standardization. It is required to develop the long-term defense standardization policy that can cope with the future domestic and international defense environmental changes. Therefore, it is an inevitable task to investigate the standardization trends and strategy in the domestic and international perspectives. The study aims to provide the vision of defense standardization policy, act/regulation, organization/personnel, education/training and information system.