• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study was to develop computerized screening test items for mild cognitive impairment. Methods: Through literature reviews, items from computerized tests for screening mild cognitive impairment were extracted. A panel of professional experts validated that the items were important and fit to screen for mild cognitive impairment. Results: A total 37 items were extracted from 12 computerized tests and 11 new items were added through the first panel review. After that, 18 items were removed via the second panel review. Finally, 16 items were selected by analyzing content validity ratio. 16 items consisted of memory, attention, and executive function areas. Conclusions: A total of 16 computerized test items were developed. It is urgent to validate them to screen mild cognitive impairment. Moreover, standardization studies for this test are required in the future.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.196-202
• /
• 2000

Objective : This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between the initial neurosurgical or psychosocial factors and the psychosocial outcome. Patients and Methods : We analyzed 123 head-injured patients who were referred to the department of psychiatry for the evaluation of psychosocial function. We analyzed initial neurosurgical variables such as Glasgow Coma scale(GCS) score, skull fracture, CT finding, and psychosocial outcomes with regards to psychosis, personality change, depression, anxiety and IQ on Intelligence Scale. Results : Patients with mild head injury(GCS score 13-15, N＝94, 76.4%) had better recovery rate on Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS), less personality change than those with moderate or severe head injury. However, depression, anxiety and intelligence were not significantly different between two groups. The skull fracture(N＝37, 30.1%) did not influence on the psychosocial outcome with reference to personality change, depression, anxiety and intelligence. The patients with abnormal CT findings(N＝64, 52%) had lower recovery rate on GOS, more frequent tendency in psychosis, personality change and severe depression, less frequent in anxiety and mild depression, than patients with normal CT finding. However, levels of intelligence were not different between two groups. The patients with industrial accidents(IA) had lower educational level, milder head injury, more delay for the psychiatric evaluation (longer treatment period) than those with motor vehicular accidents(MVA). The psychosocial outcome with reference to personality change, depression, anxiety, intelligence were not different between two groups. Conclusion : These findings indicate that the more severe initial trauma, the poorer psychosocial outcome. However, it was frequently observed that patients with mild head injury suffered from mild anxiety and depression. Therefore mild head injury appeared to be more complicated by psychosocial stressors. The patients with IA, despite the fact that initial head injury was mild, required longer treatment period than MVA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2020

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dual-task training with cognitive tasks on cognitive functions and β-amyloid levels in the elderly with mild dementia. METHODS: The subjects were 36 elderly inpatients diagnosed with mild dementia at S Hospital located in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. The patients were randomly divided into a dual-task training group (DTG; n = 18) or a single-task training group (STG; n = 18). DTG performed dual-task training with cognitive tasks while STG performed only exercise tasks. These groups performed their respective exercises during a 30-minute session occurring three times a week over an 8-week period. MMSE-K and GDS were used to measure the subjects' cognitive function. To assess the subjects' dementia-related factors, their β-amyloid levels were measured by blood analysis. RESULTS: The results of the experiment were as follows: DTG showed statistically significant differences between their MMSE-K scores and β-amyloid levels before and after training (p < .05), whereas they exhibited no statistically significant differences in their GDS scores. MMSE-K scores and β-amyloid levels were significantly different between DTG and STG after training. CONCLUSION: The present study's overall results indicate that dual-task training with cognitive tasks is more effective than single-task training in improving cognitive functions and β-amyloid levels in the elderly with mild dementia. In other words, regular dual-task training can be considered as effective in improving cognitive function and dementia-related factors in the elderly with mild dementia and thus may be suggested as an effective exercise method for the treatment and early prevention of dementia.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.243-253
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide evidences for developing non-pharmacological intervention program in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment by integrative review and analyze. An integrative review concept analysis method was used. According to the study result, relevant studies were 11, which are related to non-pharmacological intervention program in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. The quality of stduies were two groups nonrandomized studies were 9, and one group nonrandomized studies were 2. Non-pharmacological intervention program studies for elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment were 4 in cognitive training program, 6 in exercise program, and 1 in music program. The efficacy of non-pharmacological intervention in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment was different by studies, and we need further studies based on these study results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.328-328
• /
• 2017

Drought is a major limiting factor that reduces rice production and occurs often especially under recent climate change. Plants have the ability to alter their developmental morphology in response to changing environment, which is known as phenotypic plasticity. In our previous studies, we found that one chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL50 derived from Nipponbare and Kasalath crosses) showed no differences in shoot and root growth as compared with the recurrent genotype, Nipponbare under non-stress condition but showed greater growth responses compared with Nipponbare under mild drought stress condition. We hypothesized that reducing root respiration as metabolic cost, which may be largely a consequence of aerenchyma formation would be one of the key mechanisms for root plasticity expression. This study aimed to evaluate the root respiration and aerenchyma formation under various soil moisture conditions among genotypes with different root plasticity. CSSL50 together with Nipponbare and Kasalath were grown under waterlogged conditions (Control) and mild drought stress conditions (20% of soil moisture content) in a plastic pot ($11cm{\times}14cm$, ${\varphi}{\times}H$) and PVC tube ($3cm{\times}30cm$, ${\varphi}{\times}H$). Root respiration rate was measured with infrared gas analyzer (IRGA, GMP343, Vaisala, Finland) with a closed static chamber system. There was no significant difference between genotypes in control for shoot and root growth as well as root respiration rate. In contrast, all the genotypes increased their root respiration rates in response to mild drought stress. However, CSSL50 showed lower root respiration rate than Nipponbare, which was associated by higher root aerenchyma formation that was estimated based on internal gas space (porosity) under mild drought stress conditions. Furthermore, there were significant negative correlations between root length and root respiration rate. These results imply that reducing the metabolic cost (= root respiration rate) is a key mechanism for root plasticity expression, which CSSL50 showed under mild drought.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.123-135
• /
• 2001

Objective: This study was designed to assess antidepressant effects of Quibitang on an Animal Model of Depression induced by Chronic Mild Stress. Method: The consumption of 1% sucrose solution and active avoidance learning test were used to evaluate antidepressant effect of Quibitang. The consumption of 1% sucrose solution was measured every week for 8 weeks, and active avoidance learning test was executed after 4 weeks treatment of saline or Quibitang. Result: 1. The consumption of 1% sucrose solution was significantly reversed in test group (Quibitang-treated group) at 5th, 7th, 8th weeks, but there was no significant change in control group. 2. Chronic Mild Stress was found to suppress the increase of body weight at 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th weeks. Treatment of Quibitang did not enhanced the body weigt, but it enhanced the consumption of sucrose solution. 3. In order to measure the learning ability of rat which drived to be depressed, we executed active avoidance test. The result revealed that depressed rat showed impaired acquisition than control group, and the treatment of Quibitang restored the learning activity. Conclusion: These results suggest that Quibitang may have antidepressant effects on depression induced by chronic mild stress.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.249-252
• /
• 2009

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was employed to assess the thermo-tolerance characteristics of Bifrdobacterium infantis ATCC 27920 to mild heat adaptation. When exposed to various heat levels, pH, and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) stress conditions, B. infantis ATCC 27920 exhibited high level of stress resistance. Under mild-heat treatment ($46^{\circ}C$), no significant change in viability level was observed after 2 hr. Interestingly, improved viability was observed in mild-heat adapted ($46^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr) cultures exposed to $55^{\circ}C$, in comparison to control experiments. Viability was not affected by pH, bile, and $H_2O_2$ stress conditions. 2-DE analysis revealed those mild-heat adaptation up-regulated 4 proteins and down-regulated 3 proteins. Among these protein spots, isopropyhnalate dehydratase (leuD), glycosyltransferase (glgA), and ribosomal protein L5 (rp1E) were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALD1-TOF/MS).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 1984

For the modification of kiln drying schedule, relations between resistance to drying Rd and the moisture content or drying times were found for 4/4, 6/4 and 8/4 green Douglas fir heartwood by the mild drying schedule and the severe drying schedule until the average moisture content was about 10 percent. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Resistance to drying of thicker lumber was higher than that of thinner lumber and resistance to drying of three different thicknesses were negligible between the mild-and the severe drying schedule. The relationships between resistance to drying and two schedules or three thicknesses of lumber were $Rd_1=1.830{\times}10^5\;M^{-2.24}$ for 4/4 lumber by the mild drying schedule, $Rd_2=1.822{\times}10^5\;M^{-2.25}$ for 4/4 lumber by the severe drying schedule, $Rd_3=2.352{\times}10^5\;M^{-2.14}$ for 6/4 lumber by the mild drying schedule, $Rd_4=3.457{\times}10^5\;M^{-2.27}$ for 6/4 lumber by the severe drying schedule, $Rd_5=1.317{\times}10^6\;M^{-2.56}$ for 8/4 lumber by the mild drying schedule, $Rd_6=8.267{\times}10^5\;M^{-2.40}$ for 8/4 lumber by the severe drying schedule. 2. Thinner lumber exhibited lower level of moisture content and shorter drying time required at intersection point between the moisture content and resistance to drying as a function of drying time than those of thicker lumber. Drying time of mild drying was longer than that of severe drying and similar to the level of moisture content at intersection point.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate changes in cognitive functions, depression and life-satisfaction for elderly participants with mild cognitive impairments participating in an individual cognitive improvement program. Methods: A quasi-experimental with non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was implemented. The participants were senior citizens over 65 years of age who had been clinically diagnosed with mild cognitive impairments in G City and J Province (experimental group: 29, control group: 27). The experimental group participated in the individual cognitive improvement program based on Korean traditional tales and games for nine weeks. Results: After the intervention, only the participants in the experimental group reported significant improvement in K-MMSE (t=-2.5, p=.016), MoCA-K (t=-2.6, p=.008), depression (t=3.51, p=.001), and life satisfaction (t=-2.75, p=.008) when compared to those in the control group. Conclusion: These results indicated that the individual cognitive improvement program was effective in improving cognitive functions, depression, and life-satisfaction among the elderly with mild cognitive impairments. Therefore, the application of this individual cognitive improvement program developed in this study by visiting nurses may strengthen the cognitive functions of seniors with mild cognitive impairments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.45 no.11
• /
• pp.1696-1700
• /
• 2016

In this study, acorn pomace extract (APE) was developed as a natural chemical sanitizer and substitute for chlorine-based sanitizers such as sodium hypochlorite containing harmful substances. Antimicrobial activities of APE and its combined treatments with fumaric acid (FA) and mild heat against Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on red chard were examined. Among the treatments, combined treatment of 0.5% APE at $50^{\circ}C$ and 0.5% FA was the most effective, causing reduction of L. monocytogenes populations by 3.36 log CFU/g compared to the control. After combined treatment, populations of aerobic mesophilic bacteria in the red chard decreased by 2.89 log CFU/g during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 8 days compared to the control. Regarding color changes in red chard upon combined treatment, there was no significant change among the red chard samples. These results indicate that combined treatment of APE, FA, and mild heat can improve microbial safety of red chard without affecting quality such as color during storage.