• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.268-276
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the factors related to vitamin & mineral supplement use by the adolescents. Nine hundred and seventy-two adolescent boys and girls attending middle or high schools were chosen from various cities and rural communities in Korea. In this study, the factors affecting vitamin & mineral supplement use were analyzed from a self-administered questionnaire. It was found that vitamin & mineral supplements were taken by 31.3% of subjects. High school students(p<.01), female girl students(p<.001), and rural-dwellers(p<.001) took vitamin & mineral supplements more frequently than their complementing groups. The socioeconomic status of the family (p<.01), and supplement consumption by parents and siblings respectively affected the supplement use by the subjects(p<.001). Vitamin·mineral supplements were consumed more often in subjects who perceived their health as poor(p<.001), skipped breakfast(p<.05), and received nutritional information from books or magazines(p<.05). However, food habits and nutritional knowledge score of subjects did not affect vitamin & mineral supplement use. These findings suggest that adolescents take vitamin & mineral supplements commonly, and they tend to use supplements without prescription. Vitamin·mineral supplement consumption seems to be affected by general characteristics, health related variables, and meal management attitudes of subjects. Therefore, nutritional understanding and education are required in regard to the used of vitamin & mineral supplements, and the relationship between balanced diet and good health for the adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.35-47
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examine the actual condition on consumption of adolescents, focused on their pocket money. Three-hundred students attending in middle and high school in Kyounggi Province were selected, and surveyed using questionnaires. Out of them, 272 students were used in statistical analysis, with frequency, percentage and Chi-test in SPSS/PC+ program. The results were as follows : First, most adolescents got pocket money irregularly from their mothers and average amount per month was more than 10 thousands and less than 50 thousands won. And they weren't satisfied with that amount, especially girl students. Second, most adolescents got extra money when it is a gala day or their records were improved. And most of them did nothing on consideration for their pocket money. Third, most adolescents spent pocket money for hobby or leisure and for snacks. Fourth, most adolescents had never guided how to spend money and had never evaluated their money spending. Fifth, most adolescents tried to spend money thoughtfully and evaluated their friends spent money on impulse. Sixth, most adolescents wanted to buy clothings and friends influenced their spending habit.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.1044-1047
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• 2009

A 13-year-old girl with psoriasis of the elbow, trunk, and face suddenly developed a severe headache followed by left hemiparesis and facial palsy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed an acute infarction of the right temporofrontal lobe and basal ganglia on the T2- and diffusion-weighted images. Cerebral angiography showed pre-occlusive irregular scalloped stenosis (99%) in the proximal M1 segment of the right middle cerebral artery and a web-like stenosis at the supraclinoid portion of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) suggestive of a spontaneous intracranial ICA dissection. The patient was administered a low dose of dipyridamole, and a rehabilitation program was initiated. Headache, left motor weakness, and facial droop improved within a week. However, mild left facial palsy and reduced fine motor function of the left hand were still present after 3 weeks. We report a rare case of spontaneous intracranial ICA dissection in a child with psoriasis.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.205-220
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• 2013

In this research, in order to investigate the principles for the development of mathematics textbook for decision-making based on storytelling, we conceptualized the educational meaning of decision-making and specified the principles and the methods for the textbook based on decision-making. We illustrated the principles and the methods by the cases from the model textbook for the conditional probability that we have developed. We discussed the implication for the future development and implementation of mathematics textbook for decision-making based on storytelling.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.84-87
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• 2011

Branchio-otic syndrome(BOS) is a relatively uncommon genetic malformation associated with dysmorphogenesis of the first and second branchial arches and is characterized by branchial fistulae, congenital preauricular fistulae, and anomalies of the pinnae, external, middle, and inner ears, accompanied by hearing loss. Recently, we experienced a case of BOS in a 10 years old female patient and report this case with a review of literature. 10-year-old girl presented with hearing impairment, bilateral preauricular fistula and cervical fistula. The pure tone audiometry revealed that she had 60dB sensorineural hearing loss on right side and 90dB mixed hearing loss on left. Bilateral branchial fistula was found on the neck CT scan and bilateral ossicular and cochlear abnormality combined with enlarged internal auditory canal was noted on the temporal bone CT scan. To investigate the association with EYA1 gene, we performed DNA sequncing with peripheral white blood cell and found the point mutations on Exon 7, 12 and 16 of EYA1 gene. The preauricular fistula and branchial fistula was excised surgically and hearing aid was applied on her left side. There was no sign of fistula recurrence for seven years after the surgery.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.172-183
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• 1994

The productions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal(AMF) spores were observed by adding three different commercial fertilizers on AMF inhabiting soils. Various morphological features, vesicles, arbuscles, sporulations of spore, and flower-like-structures, were also found in the mycorrhizal roots during 80 days after transplanting. Spore prodcutions of the employed AMF were observed to be periodically increased with the intervals of 40 days. Sorghum, green onion, hot pepper, and wild legume plants were appeared to be a good plant for productions of AMF and as the host of AMF. The productions of AMF spores was inversely related to phosphate fertilizer, and also observed to be low in the plant pots added with whole balanced fertilizers.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.196-206
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify Korean adolescents' sexual harassment conditions and patterns in schools as well as their psychological reactions when they are under sexual harassments or they committed sexual harassments. The subjects were 475 middle and high schoolers in Pusan and Gyeong Sang Nam-Do. The survey was executed from July 1 through Dec. 31, 2000. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS WIN 8.0 using percentage, mean. The results of this study were as follows: 1. the linguistic sexual harassment such as 'lewd jokes or dirty talks' was the major pattern(35.4%), The body touching such as 'kiss or embracing', 'internet transmission of pornography', 'sexual harassing of body characteristics', touching breast', 'grasping of hands or body touching', 'body touching in secret place', 'urging to sit in touch or on knees', 'exposing of special body areas', and 'showing pornography' followed in a row. 2. The eighteen point three percents of subjects had the experience to commit sexual harassment. The forty four point seven percent of above subjects committed it against their classmates. The first time to commit sexual harassment was their middle school period (38.4%). Their motives to commit it were as under: 'killing time'(48.8%), 'annoying', 'attracting attention from the other sex', 'expressing lovely emotions', 'urging of their friends', 'misunderstanding that the other partners felt good when they experienced sexual harassment, 'showing their strength' etc. their with committing harassments they felt as under ; 'joyful'(61.6%), 'funny,' 'desirous to try again', 'thrilling', 'breaking stress', very pleasant', 'exciting', 'regretful', 'guilty', and 'feeling fear' etc. 3. Twenty four point two percents of the population exposed to sexual harassments. The sexual harassers were almost their classmates (42.7%). And then unknown people', 'boy or girl friends and school staffs' followed in a row. The places where harassments happened were 'inside classroom'(69.8%), 'school bus and subway', 'outside school', etc. The feelings when experienced harassments were 'anger' (51.3%), 'hurting self-respect', 'embarrassing', 'rejection', 'insulting', 'shame', 'fear', 'dislike', 'anxiety', 'melancholy' etc. The reasons not to have consultations after sexual harassments were 'worrying to be well-known'(49.6%), 'believing not helpful enough', 'regarding simple mischief', 'trying to revenge directly', 'understanding their mistakes', 'worrying retaliation' etc.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze the controversial points in the concepts of materials in the science textbook of middle school and to provide alternatives of teaching method. For this study, units in connected textbooks were analyzed and the teaching method using ball-and-stick models was developed. The subjects were 130 second graders from a middle school in Seoul, Korea. It aimed to compare the effectiveness of using ball-and-stick models for lesson with the one of traditional lessons, in learning concepts concerning materials by cognitive levels and to investigate the difference of scientific concept formation about concepts concerning materials by their cognitive levels between experimental group and control group by using concept formation questionnaires. Before the instructions, a short-version GALT was administered. After instructions, the posttest of concepts and attitude test connected with science subject were administered, and 10 months later, the posttest of concepts was administered to analyze the long-term memory effects. According to the results, the experimental group using the ball-and-stick models had significantly higher scores at conceptual understanding and long-term memory effects than the control group and improved the attitude relevant to science subject, and also had affirmative effects in attitude for science and science work. When analyzing the results according to the cognitive level, the long-term memory effects was high in the concrete operational stage students. From the results of this study, middle school students that are more concrete operational stage and transitional stage than formal operational stage elevates interesting in studying by using ball-and-stick models and making material form concretely. It would be effective in helping the students develope the correct concepts by connecting real world as materials and the particle world as atom.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate drinking motives and the drinking-related problems of Korean high school students at a city in Jeonbuk province. Methods: There were 657 students from two academic and two vocational high schools at J city in Jeonbuk province. The sample was collected using a stratified sampling method and the data was collected from June 30th to July 16th 2003. The study instrument used to examine drinking motive was a 20-item summated scale (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = .95) and for drinking-related problems was an 18 item summated scale (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = .91). The data was analyzed using SPSS/PC+ by percentage, x2-test, t-test and correlations. Results: 1. Drinking experience: Among the high school students, 74.3% of them had drinking episodes. Female students started drinking later (x2 = 12.857, p = .002) and had more drinking friends (x2 = 7.785, p = .020) than males. Vocational school students drank more frequently (x2 = 32.138, p = .001), had more heavy drinking episodes (x2 = 40.370, p = .001). 2. Drinking motives & Drinking-related problems: The mean score of drinking motives was $31.2{\pm}11.12$ out of 80 and that of drinking-related problems was $21.8{\pm}5.85$ out of 72 points. Neither score were stronger was significantly different according to gender and grade. On the other hand, both drinking motives (t = -4.077, p = .001) and drinking-related problems (t = -3.423, p = .001) were stronger in vocational school students than in academic school students. The correlation between drinking-related characteristics and problems were weak (from r = .286 to r = .520) but the correlation within the subcategories of drinking motives was high such as between enhancement and coping (r = .822) and enhancement and social motives (r = .822). Conclusion: The majority of Korean high school students start to drink during their junior high school days. Drinking motives and drinking-related problems were not serious but the drinking motives and the drinking-related problems are stronger among vocational school students. As a result, school-based health education and counseling programs should focus on solving drinking motives than on drinking-related problems.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the lesson using the newly developed Phase Change Model of Venus can change ninth graders' geocentrical concept related to the progression of the phase of Venus. In order to know students' concept change of the progression of the phases of Venus, test sheets and a questionnaire regarding solar systems were developed and used pre and post test. The results showed that many students have an astronomical preconception of geocentricism, and some students have an especially poor scientific understanding of the solar system. However, there were significant changes in students' conceptual levels (p<.05) after teaching with the Venus's Phase Change Model. Therefore, teaching with the Phase Change Model of Venus was effective on students' scientific conceptual change from geocentricism to heliocentricism.