• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.517-529
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• 2019

The study was conducted on the impact of employment types middle and old age group of wage earner on life satisfaction and analyzed by dividing it into variables in the employment types and demographic characteristics. Based on the data for the 12th year of the Korea Welfare Panel Study, 1,244 respondents who answered that the main types of economic activities were 'full-time, temporary, daily wage earners' or 'self-help labor, public labor, and elderly empolyment program in public sector.' among 4,341 people over 55 years of age under the age of 75 as of 2017 standard. The survey covered 1,244 people. By age group, 826 people aged 55-64 (middle-age group) and 418 people aged 65-74(old-age group). Middle age group showed that education level, spouse, health condition, beneficiaries of basic livelihood and average monthly income variables were the factors that influence the satisfaction of life. But The type of employment did not significantly affect. Old age group showed that the higher education level, in spouse with-living or spouse death, the better health condition is perceived, the less experience of beneficiaries of basic livelihood, the higher average monthly income, the more satisfied life is. The survey also found that old-aged people who participate in "self-help labor, public labor, and elderly employment program in public sector" are also found to be more satisfied with their lives. According to these results, policy for the old age group should be focused on hunting and expanding of employment program in public sector for the elderly. In order to boost life satisfaction of the elderly, more intensive vocational education and employment training should be provided.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.5-24
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• 2000

Middle age for women is one of the most important stages of the whole normal life span and has unique problems concerning the psychological and physical health, specifically degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. Therefore middle age women should prepare in order to lead a healthy and fruitful life as they enter/begin old age. As the population of middle age women increase, the demands of nurses who care for this age group also continue to glow. Nurses must be interested in this middle age group of women in Korea. This study was designed to identify the extent of family support and self-esteem of the middle age women with degenerative musculoskeletal diseases and the relationship between them and nurse's contribution to middle age women's health promotion that maintain and promote qualify of her life. The population of this study was 112 women aged 40-60, attending the out patient clinic one University Hospital and one Hospital, in Pusan. The data was collected from 1st August to the 30th of September, 1998 by using 36 items questionnaire. The instrument used for measuring family support was of Chai's(1983) FSS which was modified by Kang's(1984) Family Support Scale. And that for self-esteem was Rosenberg's(1965) Self-esteem Scale. The reliability of Chai's FSS and Rosenberg's instruments were tested by Cronbach's alpha and showed that they were 0.93 and 0.89 each respectively. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient using the SPSS computer program. The results of the study were summarized as follows : 1. The mean score of the perceived family support was $39.31{\pm}9.42$. 2. The mean score of the perceived self-esteem was $33.16{\pm}6.75$. 3. Statistically significant factors influencing the family support among sociodemographic variables was satisfaction of marriage(F=-3.069, p<0.003). 4. Statistically significant factors influencing the self-esteem among sociodemographic variables were age(F=3.992, p=0.000), education(F=2.260, P=0.026), housing (F=-1.987, P=0.049) and satisfaction of marriage(F=-2.305, P=0.023). 5. There was a significant correlation between family support and self-esteem (r=.621, p<.000). In conclusion, perceived the family support was important for middle age women to increase their self-esteem. Nurses should be aware of the necessity of family support in the supportive nursing of middle age women and should be able to make a plan to educate the family about supporting the wife/mother. The continuing study of the health promotion of middle age women to find out variables influencing middle age women' health must continue.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.248-260
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• 2012

This study has focused on the degree of recognition and preparation for the old age life of public servants. The subjects of this research were 731 middle-aged public employees in Pusan, Ulsan, Kyeong-Nam Province. The data were collected using a self-administrated questionnaire. The following results were obtained. First, 67.2% respondents were women. Over 45-years old were 28.4%, Middle level quality of life were 46.1%, Over 20-years career were 26.7%, Administration staffs were 33.4%, and 7th grade were 31.9%. Second, In Recognition for the old age life, Respondents and their spouse have the primary responsibility of the dependent elderly. Preferred life area was suburban rural area. The order of anticipated problems of the old age life was financial problem, health problem, and leisure activity. Third, Actually, in preparation for the old age life, the order of respondents preparation was financial stability, health, and leisure activity. Forth, In the satisfaction degree of public pension for the old age life, the order of respondence was insufficient (56.0%), appropriate (17.2%), and ignorant(26.8%).

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.129-134
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• 1997

The meddle years start when persons achieve maturity and end when they realize they are old, and we commonly call ages between thirty-live and sixty five the middle years. Thinking of life as a play, the middle years lead up to and away from the climax of the plot. In the early part of middle age, the man is the main support of his family, and is out to establish himself in his career. He is in a race toward success, and may acquire a sponsor who picks him out as a protege. In the middle part of middle age, the man is ready to come into his own and may break with his sponsor. Most persons are now at the height of their potential, know their areas of competence, and have the satisfaction of feeling in control in them. They need no longer prove themselves from day to day, for they are credited with past accomplishments. Some are caught in "promotion or success depression", and some continue to change jobs creating difficulties is readjustment. The more satisfactory changes usually occur within a career rather than through shifiting careers. In e later part of the middle age the man worries about his physical health, and experiences depression in facing the retirement. Woman frequently change the course of their lives some time between the ages of thirty-five and forty, and may resume their education or careers. Tee quarters of women are passing through "involutional melancholia".

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study examined the specific clinical risk factors in middle-aged men with age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass (ALSMM). METHODS: The present research analyzed the data from a cross-sectional study of 1,564 community-dwelling participants aged between 40 to 49 years old. The participants were screened for ALSMM. The study examined various risk factors, including age, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, smoking and drinking status, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose levels, and triglyceride and cholesterol levels. RESULTS: The risk factors of ALSMM were height, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, drinking status, fasting glucose, and triglyceride levels (p < .05). The weight, triglyceride, and smoking status variables were non-significant (p > .05). CONCLUSION: The risk factors for ALSMM among community-dwelling adults were determined. These results are expected to contribute to the existing literature on ALSMM and provide potential risk factors associated with the development of ALSMM in middle-aged males.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.754-770
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• 2000

The definite objects of this study are as follows ; 1. The study presents concrete objects of the shape of adult women's neck and shoulder after comparing and analyzing the features of five age groups ; the former young age, the latter young age, the former middle age, the latter middle age, the latter middle age and the old age. 2. The study presents concrete objects of adult women's neck and shoulder by the body types ; bend-forward type, straight type and lean-back type in order to be examined the body types. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. The shape of neck and shoulder needs the several concrete objects of each types because of the variable factors in size and body types. But the concrete objects of the types referred in five age groups contain all the important factors and enable to design the body suitable clothes. 2. This study shows that generally bend-forward type contains rising shoulder and lean-back type contains drooping shoulder, and straight type contains average value of neck and shoulder. The results of this study developed the body-suitable clothes of bend-forward type, straight type and lean-back type.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.39-48
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude of the middle and old age about the elderly housing and the planning elements according to the types of silver town. For this study, a pre-interview and a survey method were used for data collection. A questionnaire survey of 372 women over 45 years old was carried out. Among the data, 321 cases were analyzed by SPSS for Windows V12.0. The major findings were as follows: 1) Regarding the elderly housing, While the couple cohabitation type preferred the existing housing and the general housing, the single habitation type preferred the apartment and silver town. Some people wanted silver town occupancy due to the decrease of children support burden, the other did not want it due to economical burden and the absence of homelike affection. When they move into silver town, they wanted to take money, clothes, and photo album. 2) In silver town development, while the couple cohabitation type preferred the apartment, independent house, the single type preferred the apartment, housing complex and group-home. The unit housing sizes of them were around 82.6 and 49.6 square meters respectively. In the space composition of unit housing, while the couple cohabitation type preferred bath room, kitchen, living room and two of bed room, the single type preferred one of bed room and bath room at least. On the other hand, this study found out that it was possible to plan the space for eating and washing as the common space. 3) According to single or couple, and ages, there were significant differences in preferred spatial planning elements, which needs to be reflected in the silver town development. These results can provide improvement guidelines for the development of the silver town with the differentiation of design factors for the silver town planners.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.319-332
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• 2001

This study attempts to measure body sizes and somatotypes of 844 female middle and high students girls in their growth period and to investigate characteristics of each of the measured somatotypes. The data used for this study were 50 items of body sizes obtained from anthropometric measurements. The purposes of the study are as follows: 1. to analyze physical characteristics according to age. 2. to extract factors of somatotypes using factor analyses. 3. to classify somatotypes according to physical characteristics using cluster analyses. The study results were as follows: 1. TH anthropometric measurements indicated that three existed collective patterns of somatotypes across Group I(12∼13 years old), Group II(14∼15 years old), and Group III(16∼18 years old). 2. Through factor analyses, 6 factors were yielded from each age group. The cumulative proportions of these factors were 77% for Group I, 75% for Group II, and 72% for Group III. Factor I indicates a horizontal size factor and Factor 2 indicates a vertical size factor. 3. Group I and Group II ere classified into 5 types and Group III was classified as 3 types. In Group I, middle height and a little slim types were most prevalent(28%). In Group II, low height and very slim types were most prevalent(28.9%). Finally, In Group III, low height and slim types were most prevalent(4.6%)

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-89
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• 2000

이 논문의 목적은 현재 40-50대의 중년층과 노부모 사이에 이루어지는 세대관계의 심층적 구조를 밝히고, 이 구조에 영향을 미치는 제반요인들을 설명하는데 있다. 그리고 세대관계의 유형에 따라 중년층 자신의 노후부양태도와 노후생활에 대한 대책행위가 어떻게 달라지는가를 분석하였다. 이 연구를 위해 구조화된 질문지를 활용하는 전국전인 면접조사가 이루어졌다. 이 논문은 중년층과 노부모의 세대관계를 세대간 근접성, 지원가능, 그리고 노부모 부양관 에 따라 다섯 가지 유형으로 분류하였다. 중년층의 지배적인 세대관계는 노부모와 별거하면서 지원기능을 유지하는 형태로 나타났다. 별거사항에서 이루어지는 지원관계에는 중년층의 사회 계층적 지위나 노부모와의 정서적 연대와 관련된 요인들이 중요하게 작용하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 중년층 자신의 노후생활에 대한 부양관과 노후대책 행위는 세대관계의 유형에 따라 유의미한 차이가 존재한다. 근접성, 지원관계, 노부모 부양관 모두에서 전통적인 세대관계를 유지하는 중년층은 자신의 노후생활에 대해서도 가족의 부양을 강조하며, 독립적인 노후대책을 마련하는데 소극적이다. 반면, 노부모와 동거하고 지원기능을 유지하더라도 노부모부양관이 약한 증년층은, 자신의 노후 생활에 대하여 독립성을 강조하고, 스스로 노후대책을 마련하는데 적극적인 것으로 확인되었다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.135-168
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• 2006

This study reviewed pension reform's overall characteristic and(anticipated) positive negative effect in OECD countries's and then analysed middle-old age's retirement transition and determinants of full/gradual retirement through the $3{\sim}7th$ Korea Labor and Income Panel considering that Korea has been aging society quickly and it is necessary to suggest not only solution of early retirement and working age reduction but also pension reform. As a result of this study, about 1/4 of 50 years and older have been continuing to work through various pathways after retirement and 98% among fully retired older who passed by re-employment step of occupational status including retirement are still searching for jobs. This showed that it is also inappropriate to typical retirement concept itself on the lines of labour market participation in Korea and part-time/temporary work or self-employment have been used by means of alternatives of maintaining works for middle-old ages. However, the duration of changed occupational status of gradual retirees is mostly only $1{\sim}2$ years. Therefore it is necessary to support the gradual retirement to minimize a term of income insecurity and promote the work of the old ages who have will and capacity of work. Most of all, partial pension system which is main program of gradual retirement, should make the rules that beneficiaries are those who age less than pensionable age and benefit levels should be actuarial fairness together with pension system and provide substantial help. But, the introduction of partial pension system is not the only way to solve and needs overall social economic approach. Especially guarantee the increase of quantitative qualitative employment for middle-old ages linking labor market policy and supporting gradual retirement not ought to be abused to force the part time works and early retirement route against their own will.