• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.375-396
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• 2007

연구의 목적은 대전시 공공도서관을 이용하고 있는 고령자들을 대상으로 그들의 인구통계학적 특성과 공공도서관 이용에서의 특성 및 공공도서관에 대한 만족도, 공공도서관 이용이 그들에게 미치는 영향을 파악하는 데 있었다. 조사 결과, 여성 고령자에 비해 남성 고령자가 공공도서관을 많이 이용하고 있었다. 고령 이용자들의 특성은 60대의 건강하며, 학력이 높고, 생활수준이 중 이상인 것이었다. 그리고 공공도서관을 자주, 고정적으로 이용하며, 장시간 머무는 것으로, 도서관직원에 대한 만족도가 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 공공도서관 서비스가 고령 이용자들의 생활에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것 또한 확인되었다. 공공도서관 이용률이 적은 잠재적 이용자, 즉 70대 이상으로서 건강이 좋지 않고 학력과 생활수준이 낮은 고령자, 그리고 여성 고령자가 공공도서관을 활발하게 이용할 수 있도록 하는 방안이 과제로 밝혀졌다.

• 복식
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• 제39권
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• pp.139-166
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• 1998

This dissertation is to help understanding about the emergence of active children's clothes in the latter part of the 18th century in England. In previous ages children had not been look-ed upon as children, but as incomplete and in-ferior men and women, the costume of children had not been distinguishable from that of their elders. The early eighteenth-century chil-d could not play in comfort because they dressed like their parents. But in the third quarther of the eighteenth century children became free from their con-comfortable and became active. English chil-dren's clothes was prevailing even in Europe as well. In the background of this liberation, there were many enlightened ideas, such as philosophers of enlightenment, doctors, writers, educators. Among these John Locke and Jean Jacque Rousseau criticized openly about rampant fashion which was distorting the body by corset and hoop. Rousseau was the one who wrote$\boxDr$Emile$\boxUl$and played the most important role to free children from an old fashioned idea, and emphasized to bring up children by the natural process of mental and physical development as human beings are a part of nature. Fashion reflects politic, economic, social, ideology, culture of the days and these factor function to create fashion which shows“Time Spirit”.Children's clothes, like those of their parents, follow the fashion, but with a difference, the form of which varies with the attitude to the child. Thus this dissertation was to study in relation with the background of the times in the latter part of 18th century in England and Rousseau's Naturalism in connection with the emergence of active children's clothes. The result is that diffusion of the idea of freedom and equality, the growth of bourgeoisie, the development of clothing and tex-tile industry have influenced to the emergence of active children's clothes. Also a great deal of middle and high class parents devoted to their children's education and was influenced by Rousseau's Naturalism. Specially the bourgeoisie who made their fortune by their own effort were eager to educate their achievement and business by their children through education. This factor influenced to the children's clothes as well.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.251-270
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• 2006

This study examined how the households used and combined financing sources to pay for college education. It compared the probability of using each source (current incomes, saving, education loans and grants) by households' socio-economic characteristics and analyzed which factors influence the decision to use each source and the amounts from each source for financing college education. Data for this study were from a questionnaire completed by 4-year college students (n=623) and were analyzed by t-tests, ANOVA and Heckman's two-step estimation models. The findings of this study were as follows: First, the most frequent source for college education was parents' savings and the second one was parents' incomes. Also, the most frequent combination of sources was saving and current incomes and the second was combination of three sources, saving, incomes and education loans. Second, the probability of using incomes was higher for younger students than for older students. The number of siblings showed significant differences among income, savings and education loans. Those who had higher incomes were more likely to use current incomes, saving, but less likely to borrow for financing college education. Middle-class income groups were more likely to borrow for education. Third, household incomes and asset holdings had generally positive impacts on the probability of using incomes and savings for college education, while total debt burden decreased both the probability and amounts of income and saving sources. The college costs had significantly positive effects on both the probability and the amounts of all of financing sources. Total grants received significantly decreased the amounts from incomes, savings and borrowing sources.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.51-67
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• 2008

The study analyzes divorce rates in Korea and makes suggestions for the future research of divorce rates. Based on the data from Korea Statistical Information System (KOSIS) of the National Statistics Organization, trends for divorce rates change and the relations between divorce rates and macro environmental factors are analyzed. Macro environmental factors include socioeconomic factors such as, Korean War, Vietnam War, oil shock, IMP economic crisis and gross national income (GNI), whereas demographical factors include population structure, rates of female labor participation, and geographical location. The principle characteristics of divorce rates are as follows: 1) the Crude divorce rates (CDR) and the number of divorced had been increased from 1970 to 2004, then the trend changed to a decrease; 2) the slope of the change were the highest during 1998 to 2004 after the IMP economic crisis. The relations between socioeconomic factors are as follows: 1) during the war there was a small increase of CDR for a short period of time; 2) the economic crisis of the nation tend to increase the CDR, while the IMP economic crisis had a strong impact on an increase of CDR because of the interaction effect among the population structure, women's sex role changes as well as the level of standard of living. The increase in CDR from 1990 to 2000 can be explained partly by the population of baby Boomers passing through their marriage and divorce process. The number of population residing in the rural area and the middle class households, and the mobility of population also had an impact on the divorce rates changes. The recommendations for the future research were as follows: 1) the need to develop new divorce statistics that are based on a marriage cohort or a birth cohort because family behavior is a mixture of personal, social and political responses, and because CDR is not an accurate measure of divorce rate since it was influenced by population structure; 2) the need to include micro personal factors as well as macro social factors in a model to find an interaction effect between those variables.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.845-852
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• 2015

Cancer illness representations and screening history among residents of Kolkata, India, were investigated along with socio-demographic characteristics in an effort to understand possible motivations for health behavior. A total of 106 participants were recruited from community locations in Kolkata, India and completed surveys including demographics, the illness perception questionnaire-revised (IPQ-R), and previous experience with cancer and screening practices. Participants were 51.5% college educated, 57% female, 51.5% full-time employed with average age of 32.7 years (R: 18-60 years). Descriptive statistics were generated for the subscales of the IPQ-R, cancer-screening practices and cancer experience. Correlation analyses were conducted to investigate associations between cancer representations and socio-demographic variables. Univariate ANOVAs were calculated to determine gender differences in IPQ-R subscales and differences between participants who knew someone diagnosed with cancer versus those who did not. While 76% of participants knew someone with cancer, only 5% of the sample engaged in cancer screening. Participants perceived cancer as a serious illness with negative emotional valence. Younger age (r(100)=-.36, p<0.001) and male gender (F(1, 98)=5.22, p=0.01, ${\eta}_2$=0.05) were associated with better illness coherence. Males also reported greater personal control (F(1, 98)=5.34, p=0.02, ${\eta}_2$=0.05) were associated with better illness coherence. Low screening rates precluded analyses of the relationship between illness representations and cancer screening. Cancer was viewed as a threatening and uncontrollable disease among this sample of educated, middle class Kolkata residents. This view may act as a barrier to seeking cancer screening. Public awareness campaigns aimed at improving understanding of the causes, symptoms and consequences of cancer might reduce misunderstandings and fear, especially among women and older populations, who report less comprehension of cancer.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.213-237
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• 2010

This study aimed at figuring out the current state of 26 family-health support centers in Gyeonggi-do, in order to prepare an activation plan for the centers. These centers are the main mediators of the family health operation. This study also aimed to understand the center users' satisfaction and demands. The results were as follows. First, a total of 65,794 participants from 9,960 businesses were processed. The majority had attended various integrated family services, followed by family counseling and/or family-friendly culture-establishing businesses. Second, the main users' profiles were as follows: average age, 41; average number of persons in the family, 3.78; education above foundation-level degree; diverse jobs that included special occupations; average monthly incomes of 3,390,000 won; and a middle-class living standard (as self-described by participants). Third, the users' main concern for their families was "financial difficulties," and they had an interest in education and counseling. Although they thought education and counseling were suitable solutions, they hesitated because they did not think their problems were serious enough to merit them. Fourth, the satisfaction level of their participation in their center's program was generally high, at 3.9-4.2 points. The majority of them said they would attend again in the future.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.110-122
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• 2009

Along with the increasing interests of modem-day society toward topics of health and beauty, various studies are being actively conducted on the effects of diet for obesity prevention, and separate from aspects of disease prevention and health promotion. This study aimed to examine individual perceptions of obesity by age, and to prepare basic data for implementing an age-based weight control system, by comparing attitudes toward weight control. The research and analysis were conducted using questionnaires, provided to high school students(teenagers, 189 students), college students(20 or older, 116 students), and adults(30 or over, 88 adults) living in Daegu City. In terms of the respondents' perceptions of obesity, among those who described themselves as overweight, only about 10% were actually proven to be overweight. Also, significantly more female students than male students perceived themselves as overweight, despite the fact that they were in a normal weight range(p<0.007). There was no significant difference in the cause of obesity by gender, but it was found to be attributed to a lack of exercise for teenagers, and poor eating habits for those in their twenties and thirties. Concerning the intention to participate in a weight management class, the female teenagers showed significantly more interest than the male teenagers(p<0.017). Also, with regard to the respondents' attitudes toward weight control, the teenage females showed significantly higher interest in weight control than the teenage males p<0.003 and those in their twenties p<0.001. Moreover, regarding the period in which the respondents became most interested in weight, the teenage male students were most interested in weight during their middle school years and teenage females became most interested during their high school years. Therefore, the information from this study leads us to propose there is a need to correct the suggested reckless dieting that is occurring within an appearance-based society, as well as a need to establish a systematic weight control system, along with gathering subsequent basic data.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.74-87
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• 2018

This thesis investigated majo and maja costumes of depicted in Francisco de Goya's paintings from the middle of 18th to the early 19th century, and presented the costumes defined as the upward flow from the lower classes to the upper classes. The study methodology selected those describing the maja and majo among the figure paintings, portraits and genre paintings by Goya that identify unique characteristics with the qualitative analysis of the cases of the upward flow with that affect the costume of the upper classes. The influence of the majo and maja costumes were outstanding in the shape of the outfits while the French style gown of the upper class women were one-piece dresses in shape, those of the maja were two-piece dresses that consisted of the upper and gather skirts. The costume was perfected by use of the mantilla or head kerchief, instead of the headdresses prevalent at those times. The majo's costume affected the men's costume of the upper classes in the shape of the outfits. Short coat and tight breeches were preferred to the loose ones as well as instead of a long coat. Rather than the wigs or tri-corn hat, the head kerchief and sash belt applied, which could be evidence of the upward flow as well as shows proof of the influence of majo and maja costumes.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.107-123
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• 1996

The position effects on the abortion of flowers, fruits, and ovules were examined in relation to the resource limitation hypothesis using a temperate legume species, Vicia cracca. Fifty plants were randomly sampled from a natural population located at the Belmont Conservation Site in Belmont, MA, USA. Due to indeterminant growth and acropetal flowering of this species, the position of flower or fruit on the plant was able to be coded by the combination of architectural levels such as plant half (lower and upper half) and inflorescence half (lower and upper half) within each plant half. Overall, only 17.3% of the flowers on an inflorescence began to develop into fruits, while overall 36.0% of the fruits initiated failed to mature. Consequently, 11.5% of the flowers successfully matured into fruits. The mean flower number per inflorescence differed significantly among plants as well as between plant halves. Although the probability of fruit initiation was higher in the lower halves of both plant and inflorescence than in the upper halves of the latter, fruit abortion rate differed significantly only between plant halves. The overall mean seed set was 33.6%, implying that about two out of six ovules in a fruit matured into seeds. The seed set was independent of both plant identity and architectural level unlike other reproductive characters examined. When the ovule developmental stage was examined on data pooled over all fruits, the proportion of ovules in varying developmental stages decreased in order of early abortion, seed maturation, late abortion, and seed predation (48.4, 34.9, 12.2, and 4.5%, respectively). A within-fruit ovule position was also used as a class variable for the analysis of position effects on ovule development. All architectural levels considered exerted singificant influence over the ovule development. In particular, ovule development was strongly affected by the within-fruit ovule position. Ovules in both extreme ends within a fruit tended to abort early, while those in the middle position were more likely to mature into seeds. The strong position effects detected from the flowering to seed maturation stage were interpreted as an indication of competitive interaction among reproductive characters which are largely constrained by plant architecture.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.71-90
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of currently targeted consumers of the fashion enterprises. It also aims to assess the value of consumer-related variables that are related to market segmentation. In order to identify the characteristics of targeted consumers, the contents of brand concept and target of 143 brands for women's clothing, and 79 brands for men's clothing were qualitatively analyzed. The results are as follows. First, the demographic characteristics of both male and female included the desire to appear younger, and be more youthful in sensibilities than their actual age. In terms of occupation, male had more variety and concreteness than female. Male and female were above middle class, with an emphasis on being a part of the new generation, one that is young, free, healthy, and leisurely. Second, the psychological and behavioral characteristics of both male and female consumers included the benefit sought of the following: rationality, economy, practicality, functionality, individuality, fashionability, and aesthetics. Their fashion orientations were found to be practical, rational, fashionable, expressive of individual style, and aesthetic sensibilities. Their lifestyles were characterized by elements such as rationality, smartness, urban, active, healthy, young, leisurely, and stable. In terms of the spirit, female had a tendency to be intelligent, elegant, and sensitive, while also being self-reliant, self-disciplined, and unafraid of challenging situations. The male consumers had a tendency to be rational, progressive, passionate, and embracing change, with emphasis on legitimacy, honor, success, pride, and affluence. Third, the usefulness of consumer-related variables in targeting consumers was different according to male and female. These results show that there is a need for these variables to be looked at more closely during market segmentation process. This research may be used as base material in setting up the brand concept and the target market.