• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.722-740
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• 2017

This study was conducted to offer basic data that can be used in a clothing industry for active senior males that are emerging as a new consumer bracket in a rapid aging age. To this end, this study conducted an analysis of 'younger' older male body types based on data from the 6th Size Korea. As a result of the body type analysis of 'younger' older males who are considered active seniors in comparison to 'middle' aged males, the former's height items became shorter compared to 'middle' aged males, but circumference items were bigger. Males aged 35-69, who are 'middle' aged males and 'younger' old males were divided into three body types in this study: Type1- small body type with protruded belly, compared to weight. Type 2- body type of slim torso with wide shoulder-back widths. Type3- big body type overall with tall height and heavy weight. According to body type distribution by age group, the middle-aged males had Type2 body type the most. The younger-old males showed type1 the most. There is a need to reflect the body types of active senior male characteristics in apparel pattern design because the current fits are not appropriate if active senior males wear clothing targeted for males aged 30-50.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.615-625
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• 2023

This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the lower-body shape of middle-aged males with abdominal obesity by type and consider dimensional distribution to present a suit-pants size. The criteria were having a waist circumference greater than 90 cm and a waist-to-hip ratio(WHR) greater than 0.90; a total of 566 middle-aged males were surveyed. The findings revealed that, first, compared to standard lower-body types, the average body size of abdomenobese middle-aged males was significantly larger, especially in the horizontal area than in the vertical ares. Second, through a cluster analysis, a total of three categories of abdominal obesity were defined: small oval, large cylinder, and trapezoid type. The coverage rates of each type were 93.8%, 75.9%, and 93.0%, respectively. Finally, the suit-pants size system established according to lower-body types indicated the basic body size and reference body size were different for each type and also for the KS K 0050 male adult's garments size system. According to the definition of abdominal obesity, the types of abdominal obesity and the dimensions of each area are different, even if they belong to the same obesity group, suggesting that it is necessary to develop a pattern based on the analysis of obesity types.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.87-99
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• 2021

The life of middle-aged one-person households is rising as one of the most important family policy issues in Korean society. In Japan, even in multi-person households, the issues of middle-aged sons and daughters living with their old parents have been a concern. Data are from the 13^th wave of the Korea Welfare Panel Study analyzing 482 middle-aged singe males regardless of their past marital status. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of human capital and social capital on the life satisfaction of middle-aged single persons by comparing one-person and multi-person households, respectively. Major results were as follows: First, the level of human capital of one-person households of middle aged males was lower than their counterparts in multi-person households. Second, the level of social capital in the group of divorced or widowed, nonhouseholder middle-aged males in multi-person households was lower than their counterparts in one-person households. Third, the effects of human capital and social capital on life satisfaction was significantly different by their marital status and household types in the group of middle-aged single males. Based on the results, policy implications on the community programs for middle-aged males including not only one-person households but also multi-person households were discussed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 2002

This study was performed to determine the voluntary range of joint mobility for middle-aged Korean adults. One hundred and eighty-eight subjects(99 males and 89 females) at the age range of 40 to 60 participated for this study. Thirty body movements at various joints were conducted to measure the range of joint mobility. Subjects were grouped by Rohrer's into four based on 25th percentile. The data were analyzed to see the differences of range of joint mobility between sexes and Rohrer's index groups. The results of this study and previous studies were compared to see the differences of range of joint mobility due to the aging. Results of this study indicate that females are generally more flexible than males. Significant differences were found to exist in fourteen movement between sexes and in ten movements, females have larger range of joint mobility than males. There were no significant differences in range of joint mobility may have a tendency to decrease with ages. The results of this study provide important information in dynamic dimensions for middle-aged Korean and can be used to design the various and work places for the middle-aged.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.292-302
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• 2004

The nutritional status of middle-aged overweight and control normal subjects were evaluated for the purpose of providing the background information of the degenerative disease control. A survey was conducted with 293 healthy subjects (121 males and 172 females) between the ages 40-64. The average BMI (body mass index) of male subjects was 24.5 $\pm2.75$, and that of females was 23.5 $\pm2.87$. The average values of WHR (waist-hip ratio) were 0.88 $\pm0.04$, for males and 0.82 $\pm0.07$, for females. The normal BMI group (BMI 18.5-22.9) comprised 28.9% of males and 47.1% of females. The percentage of overweight subjects (BMI 23-24.9) was 26.4% of males and 30.8% of females. The obese group (BMI ＞ 25) was 44.6% of males ana 22.1% of females, showing the greater rate of obese state among male subjects. The average energy intakes were 76.6 $\pm14.9$% for males and 77.8 $\pm12.6$, % for females, protein intakes were 108.0 $\pm24.6$% for males and 111.2 $\pm22.7$, % for females of the RDA levels. The average intakes of other nutrients were above the 75% of RDA levels except calcium. The average nutrient intakes of the three subgroups according to their BMI values were not different for both males and females. There were weak correlations between obesity and blood biochemical indices. There were positive correlations between BMI or WHR and hemoglobin, hematocrit, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST or ALT. There were negative correlations between BMI or WHR and HDL-cholesterol. These results suggest that the obesity rate of middle-aged is an influential factor of chronic disease. The middle-aged subjects of this study with higher educational and socioeconomic background tend to have desirable nutrition knowledge and attitude, but the application of their knowledge or attitude was relatively poor.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.486-498
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify health problems and health behaviors of the middle-aged residing in urban areas and to plan and implement health promotion programs based on their health needs. The subjects' age ranged from 30-64 years in 1.040 middle-aged residing in an area of Kangbook-ku in Seoul. The data were collected from September 1998 to February 1999 with structured questionnaire using face-to-face or telephone interviews. The data were analyzed by SPSS-PC+ and identified by $X^2$ test and ANOVA. The results were as follows: 1. 35.4% of the males and 27.8% of the female responded that they were healthy regarding their perceived health status. In the order of chronic illness prevalence in the case of males was hypertension, diabetes, and digestive disorders and. in the case of females, was digestive disorders, hypertension, arthritis, anemia, and diabetes. 2. Male and female's smoking rates were 7.3% and 3.6% each and marked the highest rate of 30 to 40 years: drinking behavior was 66.9% in males and 32.2% in females. 3. The younger males had the worse dietary habits and had the lowest frequency of regular exercise. The older the females were, the more their weight increased. According to the results, health promotion programs by sex are recommended, especially in the target population of 30 to 40 years. and focused on the strategies for promoting self-care and actual health practice: it is strongly suggested that health promotion programs for adolescent and school-aged children before middle aged health behavior begins.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.543-551
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the fitness of a Path model to represent relations between stress, social support, depression, and suicidal ideation in middle-aged males. The participants were 236 middle-aged males, and data were collected from April 11 to June 1, 2018. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlations in PASW Ver. 21.0, and AMOS Ver. 18.0 (a statistical structural equation modeling program), fitness characteristics of the final model were RMSEA 0.05, GFI 0.98, AGFI 0.95, and NFI 0.98. The major study results were as follows. First, stress had a direct effect on depression and drinking, and social support had a direct effect on depression. Second, stress and social support both directly affected suicidal ideation. Results also suggested depression had partial mediating effects on relations between stress, social support, and suicidal ideation. We suggest a program be devised to reduce suicidal ideation by middle-aged males. It is hoped our results will provide basic data for future studies.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.749-761
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• 2002

This study investigated the anthropometric and biochemical indices, and the health and nutritional factors influencing the two indices among 194 middle-aged and elderly subjects (108 middle-aged and 86 elderly) residing in a medium sized city for more than 10 years. In the examination of their dietary habits, 8.3% of the middle-aged subjects and 14.0% of the elderly subjects had two meals a day, and more female subjects had two meals per day. Of the subjects who ate meals at regular times, 75.0% were middle-aged and 79.1% were elderly, and the degree of irregularity of meals was greater for female subjects. The study of the dietary behavior of the subjects indicated that 71.3% and 66.3% of the middle-aged and elderly, respectively responded that the amount of food in each meal was sufficient. The subjects ate alone comprised 19.7% of the middle-aged females and 31.5% of the elderly females. The prevalence of smoking among the subjects was 28.1% for the middle-aged, 18.8% for the elderly male and 7.4% for the elderly females. The percentage of the subjects who drank alcohol was 34.4% of the middle-aged males and 13.2% of the middle-aged females. Slightly less than half of the subjects exercised more than once a week, with the male subjects showing a higher rate than the female subjects. The average body mass indices (BMI) were 24.5 and 24.6 for the middle-aged male and female, respectively, and 22.6 and 24.0 for the elderly male and female, respectively. BMI assessment showed that underweight subjects (BMI ＜ 20) comprised 3.7% of the middle-aged, 14.0% of the elderly, and that 40.7% of the middle-aged and 24.4% of the elderly were overweight (25 ＜ BMI ＜ 30) , and 0.9% of the middle-aged and 1.2% of the elderly were classified as obese (BMI $\geq$ 30) . A waist/hip ratio (WHR) greater than 0.8 was found in 89.5% of the middle-aged females and 90.7% of the elderly females, showing high abdominal fat deposition in the majority of females. The average systolic blood pressure of females was 121.1 $\pm$ 17.1 mmHg for the middle-aged and 129.6 $\pm$ 21.3 mmHg for the elderly subjects. The systolic blood pressures showed a significantly difference between the two age groups. Those defined as anemic subjects based on hemoglobin values comprised 13.0% of the middled-aged group and 16.3% of the elderly group. There was a tendency for higher fasting glucose levels among the elderly subjects. An increase in total plasma cholesterol levels with age was shown. The female subjects had higher cholesterol levels than the males'The study of the correlation between the daily habits and health status showed that the amount of food eaten at each meal, the frequency of eating out, and the use of dietary supplements appeared to influence BMI, WHR, the plasma triglyceride and plasma cholesterol levels; omitting one meal had a positive correlation with the systolic blood pressure and plasma cholesterol. These results suggest that desirable dietary habits and concerns for health are contributing factors for maintaining good health, as indicated by normal blood lipid levels.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 2012

Purpose: This study is the narrative investigating research to comprehend the climacteric symptoms, depression and health promoting behavior of the male workers and to develop the nursing intervention. Methods: The research was done from August to September 2011, and the subjects were the middle-aged males between 40 and 64 working in capital cities of Chungcheongnamdo. Among the 220 questionnaires, 189 were retrieved and used for the analysis. The data analysis was done by $x^2$-test, and t-test using the SPSS/WIN 19.0 program. Results: The 70.9% of the subjects showed male climacterium and among them, those in their 40s showed high rate to the change in the body and emotions whereas those in their 50s showed high rate to the sexual function-related symptoms. Also, having the climacteric symptoms showed significant changes in depression and health promoting behavior. Conclusion: To promote health of the middle-aged male workers and the nursing intervention for those who show depression, verifying whether these males have climacteric symptoms is necessary.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2002

This study was designed to assess diet and health-related factors of older adults in Korea. Subjects females were 2,660 adults aged 50 and over living in Korea. Males were 847 persons and were 1813 persons. The mean weight and height for males and females were 63.8 $\pm$ 0.3kg / 164.0 $\pm$ 0.2cm and 57.0 $\pm$ 0.2kg /150.6 $\pm$ 0.1cm respectively. BMI (body mass index), body fat, and percent fat were significantly greater in females than in males. The muscle mass and body water were significantly greater in males than in females. Twenty-one percent of total subjects lived alone and 26% with spouse only. Most of the subject's self-reported income was in middle level (65%) or low level (24%). Proportion of subjects who answered 'very poor' or 'poor' on perceived health status was higher in older group. The 50-64 years old group was facing more stress than 65yr and over group. Among male subjects,38.4% were current-smokers and 22.0% were ex-smokers. But only 6.5% of female subjects were current-smokers. Males turned out to have better dietary habits-meal frequency per day, mealtime regularity, regular meal size and balanced eating-than females (p < 0.001). This study revealed that the diet and health-related factors affect nutritional status and chronic diseases of the elderly. For better management and evaluation of health status of the elderly, more effective nutritional assessment tools should be developed.