• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.223-234
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate intake of health foods and supplements and its associated factors in middle and old-aged adults in order to contribute to health promotion of Korean population by providing a guide for proper use of health foods and supplements. About 69% of the subjects reported that they were currently taking health foods and supplements or had experiences of having them in the past, whereas 31.2 % reported they had never taken them. The most commonly used type of health foods and supplements was vitamin C as reported by 41.8% followed by others such as lactobacillus products, multi-vitamins, tonic medicine and cardiotonic drug, artificially processed Ginseng foods, vitamin B complex, enzyme supplement, calcium, aloe, apricot extract products, chitosan products, loyal honey, squalene, refined fish oil and iron products. The major reason for taking health foods and supplements was 'to protect the weak constitution' with 155 (42.1%) responses, and the motive for the intake was the suggestion from family-relatives with 235 (63.9%) responses, and the place of purchase was pharmacy with 140 (38.0%) responses, the average monthly expense was 20,000-40,000 won with 140 (26.2%) responses, and effects after the intake was 'so and so' with 180 (33.6%) responses as the highest. More health foods and supplements were consumed as age and education were statistically significantly increased (p<0.05). For health and lifestyle and the intake of health foods and supplements, perceived health status, the presence of illness, and the presence of health management were statistically significant (p<0.05). Male subjects than female subjects and the 30s than the 405 and 50s were appeared to have poorer dietary behaviors (p<0.05). For the health locus of control and the intake of health foods and supplements, the health locus of control score was 22.82 for consumers and 22.79 for non-consumers, showing no significant difference. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find out major factors that affect the intake of health foods and supplements, in which gender, education, smoking, perceived health status, the presence of illness, and health management were significant to the intake of health foods and supplements. It is shown that subjects with perception and attitude of 'health foods and supplements are useful in health maintenance and disease prevention' and 'the information and variety for health foods and supplements are great' have higher probability of taking health foods and supplements.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.453-462
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The inverse relationships of combined fruits and vegetables intake with blood pressure have been reported. However, whether there are such relationships with salty vegetables has rarely been investigated in epidemiologic studies. We evaluated the relation of combined and separate intake of fruits, vegetable intakes, and salty vegetables, as well as sodium and potassium, with blood pressure among the middle-aged and elderly populations. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The present cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort baseline survey was performed with 6,283 subjects (2,443 men and 3,840 women) and free of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Dietary data were collected by trained interviewers using food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: The significantly inverse linear trend of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was found in fruits and non-pickled vegetables (81.2 mmHg in the lowest quintile vs 79.0 mmHg in the highest quintile, P for trend = 0.0040) and fruits only (80.9 mmHg in the lowest quintile vs 79.4 mmHg in the highest quintile, P for trend = 0.0430) among men. In contrast, sodium and sodium to potassium ratio were positively related with blood pressure among men (DBP, 78.8 mmHg in the lowest quintile vs 80.6 mmHg in the highest quintile, P for trend = 0.0079 for sodium; DBP, 79.0 mmHg in the lowest quintile vs 80.7 mmHg in the highest quintile, P for trend = 0.0199 and SBP, 123.8 mmHg in the lowest quintile vs 125.9 mmHg in the highest quintile for sodium/potassium). Kimchies consumption was positively related to DBP for men (78.2 mmHg in the lowest quintile vs 80.9 mmHg in the highest quintile for DBP, P for trend = 0.0003). Among women, these relations were not found. CONCLUSION: Fruits and/or non-pickled vegetables may be inversely, but sodium, sodium to potassium, and Kimchies may be positively related to blood pressure among men.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.7219-7226
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• 2015

본 연구는 40대 기혼남녀의 성생활의 질(SQOL)을 8개의 인구학적 변인, 8개의 성과 관련된 변인, 6개의 부부 관계적 변인으로 구분하여 그 관계를 조사함으로서 중년 기혼남녀들의 성 건강증진을 위한 중재 프로그램의 기초자료를 구축하고자 시도되었다. 2015년 1월 19일부터 2015년 3월 5일에 걸쳐 서울의 강남 2곳과 강북 2곳의 건강검진센터 방문 대상자로부터 자료를 수집하였으며, 40세~49세까지의 기혼 남녀 187명의 설문지를 분석하였다. 본 연구결과 인구학적 변인 중에는 학력(p<.05), 건강상태(p<.001), 결혼기간(p<.01), 월평균 수입(p<.01) 변인이 성생활의 질에 유의미한 변인이었으며, 성 관련 변인 중에서는 성지식 정도(p<.01), 포르노 접촉(p<.001), 분만시 남편의 참여 여부(p<.001) 등의 변인이 성생활의 질에 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 부부 관계적 변인 즉 배우자와의 갈등 유무(p<.05), 성생활의 빈도(p<.001), 배우자와의 애정강도(p<.001), 가족전체와의 화목도(p<.001), 부부간의 일반적 의사소통(p<.001) 및 성적 의사소통 정도(p<.001)에서는 6개의 변인 모두 성생활의 질에 유의미함을 보여 주어 결론적으로 성생활의 질을 높이는데 미치는 요인으로는 인구학적 또는 성관련 변인보다 부부 관계적 변인이 더 중요함을 보여 주었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.72-80
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary-intake and that of health by mean of questionarie and interview for male and female old persons living in Seoul area. The contents of study included general aspects, physical status and health, nutrient intake, and food intake frequency. The results from the above survey are summarized as follows ; 1. The age group in the range of 60 to 79 years old was 71%, and the average number of family was 4.9. The educational level was 56% of elderly persons were elementary or middle school graduates . 42.8% of elderly persons had an average monthly income of \490,000 to 300,000. 2. The aged average height, weight, and physical index were 164.9cm, 55.8kg and 20.4 in male, 152.7cm, 46.0kg and 20.3 in female which were lower than the Korean average standard. (male; 167.0cm, 61.0kg, female; 156.0cm, 55.0kg) In the degree of health self-consciousness, percentage distribution of poor and very poor was 29% in male, 59% in female. Among the condition of disease, neuralgia was 23.8%, hypertension was 17.2%, diabetes was 5.4%. 3. Average daily calorie intake was $63.9{\sim}70.4%$ for male and $76.4{\sim}83.9%$ for female which were lower than the Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans. Protein intake was $42.9{\sim}57.3g$ (which was $72.8{\sim}82.6%$ RDA) for elderly person, the proportion of animal protein to total protein intake were $24.3{\sim}28.2%$($12.9{\sim}16.2g$). Iron, Vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$ Niacin intake exceeded the RDA, but the intake of Calcium, Vitamin C were far less than that of RDA. 4. In the correlations between nutritional intakes and environmental factors and health, economic living situations and educational level as the factors which might influence the condition of nutritional intake was significant(P<0.01). 5. Food intake frequency of meats, fishes, eggs, for average of $1{\sim}2$ days per week were $44.8{\sim}50.5%$, that of milk and milk products for scarecely week were 42.9.% Correlation of food intake frequency was divided three levels-good, fair, poor. Food intake frequency as the factors which might influence the condition of nutritional intake was significant(P<0.01). The results of the survey reveal that many of elderly show evidence of general nutrient intake deficiency, it requires first of all importance of nutrition to improve nutritional level through to promotion of elderly health.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.505-511
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• 2007

Objectives : While cervical cancer is one of the leading cancers among women worldwide, there are a number of effective early detection tests available. However, the participation rates in cervical cancer screening among Korean women remain low. After the nationwide efforts in 1988 and thereafter to encourage participation in cervical cancer screening, few studies have investigated the effects of socioeconomic inequality on participation in cervical cancer screening. The purpose of this study was to investigate 1) the level of socioeconomic disparities in receiving cervical cancer screening by age group and 2) if there was an improvement in reducing these disparities between 1995 and 2001. Methods : Using data from the Korean National Health Status, Health Behavior and Belief Survey in 1995, the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1998 and 2001 (sample sizes of 2,297, 3,738, and 3,283), age-standardized participation rates were calculated according to education level, equivalized household income, and job status. Odds ratios and the relative inequality index (RII) were also calculated after controlling for age. Results : Women with lower education levels were less likely to attend the screening test, and the disparities by education level were most pronounced among women aged 60 years and older. The RIIs among women 60 years and older were 3.64, 4.46, and 8.64 in 1995, 1998, and 2001, respectively. Higher rates of participation were reported among those in the highest income category, which was more notable among the middle aged women (40s and 50s). An inconsistent trend in the rate of participation in cervical cancer screening by occupational level was found. Conclusions : Indicators of socioeconomic position seem to have varying impacts on the inequalities in the rates of participation in cervical cancer screening according to age group. These results demonstrate the need for more aggressive and age-based interventions and policy programs to eliminate the remaining inequalities.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the distribution and exposure prevalence of total carbohydrate intake and the carbohydrate-based foods such as rice, noodles, sweet potatoes, sweet drinks, milk and fruits and to characterize intake patterns among obese Korean adults. Methods: Subjects included 137,363 adults aged 40 years or older who participated in a Health Examinees (HEXA) Study. Multiple regression analysis of data from Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ) identified food sources of carbohydrates. Weight, height and waist circumstance (WC) were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Obesity was defined as $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$ and abdominal obesity as $WC{\geq}90cm$ and ${\geq}85cm$ for males and females, respectively. Results: Obese adults appeared to have a higher total carbohydrate intake in the univariate analysis but had eaten less after adjustment for general and lifestyle factors, compared to normal weight adults (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.73-0.82 for general obesity; OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.74-0.85, for abdominal obesity; P trend < 0.0001, respectively). Based on advance analysis for the food sources of carbohydrates, obese subjects had lower intake of rice (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.68 -1.09 for general obesity; OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.67-1.13, for abdominal obesity; P trend < 0.0001, respectively) and higher intake of noodles (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.16-1.27 for general obesity; OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.19-1.32, for abdominal obesity; P trend < 0.0001 respectively). With regard to other food sources of carbohydrates such as milk and fruits, intake was lower among obese compared to normal weight subjects. Conclusions: In the Korean middle-aged and older obesity groups, the intake of carbohydrates and the related foods was lower than in normal weight subjects, except for noodles. We conclude that a higher intake of noodles may enhance weight-gain. Therefore, this study suggested that the guidelines should consider the types of carbohydrate sources and the amount consumed from foods in order to provide proper guidance with regard to control and prevent obesity among Korean adults.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1093-1103
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• 2009

본 연구는 운동을 하지 않은 20대 초반 여대생을 대상으로 발레운동이 신체조성, 체력 및 골밀도에 미치는 효과를 분석하기 위하여 실험군과 대조군으로 나누어 RAD 발레 프로그램을 12주간 수행한 결과 신체조성에서는 TBF, LBM, %fat가, 체력에서는 AMS, sit-ups, SLJ, 1,200 m R &, W가, 골밀도에서는 GT, WT가 집단 간에 차이가 있었고, 신체부위별 골밀도 분포현황에서 골감소증이 실험군에서 변화가 없었으나, 대조군에서는 GT와 WT에서 3명의 증가를 보였다. 신체조성, 체력 및 골밀도간의 상관관계에서는 체중, TBF, LBM, %fat, BMI, AMS가 높은 정적인 상관을 보였으며, 부위별 골밀도의 상관 관계에서는 요추 골밀도, 대퇴경부, 전체 골밀도에서 높은 정적인 상관을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 RAD 발레프로그램이 신체조성, 체력 및 골밀도에 대한 예방 및 개선에 긍정적인 효과를 미치는 것으로 사료된다. 추후 골밀도를 결정하는 주요 인자로 나이, 체질량지수, 흡연, 운동, 영양소섭취량 이외에도 보다 큰 비중을 차지하는 유전적 소인이 있으므로 이러한 소인을 제시할 수 있는 연구가 더 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각되며, 점차 젊은층으로 확대되는 골감소증 현상에 주목하여, 체계적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.317-327
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• 2012

본 연구는 연령층별 사회경제적 계층, 건강행위, 주관적 건강수준 간의 직 간접 경로를 규명하고 그 영향력을 파악하고자 하였다. 제4기 2차년도(2008) 국민건강영양조사에 참여한 성인 중, 교육, 소득, 직업의 3가지 변수로 사회경제적 계층 구분이 가능한 만 25세 이상 4,987명을 연구대상으로 하여 사회경제적 계층을 교육과 소득은 4단계, 직업은 7단계로 분류하고, 건강행위의 실천이 주관적 건강수준에 미치는 영향은 경로분석을 수행하였다. 복합표본분석으로 chi-square test, t-test, one-way ANOVA를 실시하였다. 그 결과 주관적 건강수준은 사회경제적 계층이 낮을수록 낮았으며 청장년층일수록 더 많은 건강행위가 사회경제적 계층에 따라 차이를 보였다. 낮은 사회경제적 계층일수록 주관적 건강수준이 낮아지는데, 청장년층 여자는 금연과 체중조절, 노년층 남자는 운동이 매개변수로써 간접영향을 주었다. 이를 통해 건강증진사업 기획 시 연령층, 성별, 사회경제적 계층을 고려한 정확한 표적집단 선정과 각 표적집단에 적합한 내용 구성이 필요하리라 본다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2012

목적: 한국인을 대상으로 장년층과 노년층에서 남녀 각각 백내장 발병의 관련 요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 40-95세까지 총 5,024명 (남자 2,163명, 여자 2,861명)을 대상으로 하였고, 남녀각각 연령에 따라 두 그룹으로 분류하였다(그룹 1: 40-64세, 그룹 2: 65-94세). 백내장은 적어도 한 눈에 수정체의 혼탁이 발견된 경우로 정의하였다. 남녀 각각 두 연령 그룹에서 당뇨, 고혈압, 고중성지방혈증, 실외 활동, 흡연과 음주 습관을 보정한 후에 비만과 사회경제적 요인으로 가구 소득수준과 최종학력을 기준으로 교육수준이 백내장의 발병에 영향을 미치는지 비차비 값을 구하였다. 결과: 소득수준과 교육수준은 남녀 모든 연령 그룹에서 백내장 발병과 강한 관련이 있었다. 모든 다른 요인들을 보정한 후에 최종 다중분석 모델에서 남자의 경우는 저 소득(그룹 1:OR, 1.84[1.17-2.91], 그룹 2: 3.47[2.53-4.74]), 저 학력(그룹 1: OR, 3.00[1.90-4.74], 그룹 2: 7.44[5.41-10.23])과 실외 활동시간(그룹 2: OR, 1.26[1.06-1.49]이 백내장의 발병 위험을 높였다. 여자의 경우에는 저 소득(그룹 1: OR,1.72[1.14-2.60], 그룹 2: 2.32[1.70-3.16]), 저 학력(그룹 1: OR, 4.48[2.72-7.38], 그룹 2: 29.99[20.31-44.28])과 비만(그룹 1: OR, 1.40[1.10-1.82], 그룹 2: 1.27[1.04-1.54])이 유의한 위험 요인이었다. 결론: 한국 성인 남녀에서 낮은 사회경제적 상태는 백내장의 위험 요인이었고, 특히 여성의 경우는 비만도 백내장과 관련이 있었다.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.40-55
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• 1997

The purpose of this study are to examine the characters of the lower half body shape in the middle aged women and to make slacks patttern on the base of four difference body shapes as follows. The lower half body shapes were classified into 4 types on the basis of their lateral view silhouette, whose characters were summarized as followings. (1) "Type 1" meant the right body shape with the standard protrusion of abdomen and hips. (2) "Type 2" showed the body shape with prominent hips, which had the flat abdominal silhouette and the greatly curved hips silhouette. (3) "Type 3" was the body shape with the prominent abdomen and the flat hips, in which the frontal view silhouette of the abdomen was greatly curved and the rear view silhouette of hips is less curved. (4) "Type 4" was characterized with prominent abdomen and hips. The slaks patterns were based on the lower half body shape characters and resulted in followings. (1) In the type 1, little difference from conventional patterns was seen in experiment pattern, in which the front waist girth was W/4{\times}0.5cm+0.5cm+fold(2.5cm) and the back waist girth W/4+0.5cm-0.5cm+dart(3.5cm). The front hip girth was defined as H/4+2.0cm+0.5cm and the back hip girth as H/4+2.0cm-0.5cm due to its increased ease amount produced by abdominal fat deposition. (2) In the type 2 experimental pattern, the front and back differences of the waist girth and the hip girth were defined as 1.0cm and 2.0cm separately. Accordingly, the front waist girth was W/4+0.5cm+ 1.0cm+fold(2.0cm), the back waist girth W/4+0.5cm-1.0cm+dart(6.5cm), the front hip girth H/4+2.0cm+1.0cm and the back hip girth H/4+2.0cm-1.0cm. (3) In type 3, the front waist girth was set up as W/4+0.5cm+0.5cm+fold (4.5cm) for the increased front fold amount and the back waist girth was W/4+0.5cm+0.5cm+dart(3.0cm). The front hip girth was made as H/4+2.5cm+0.5cm and the back hip girth H/4+2.5cm-0.5cm. (4) In type 4, considered were $\circled1$ the increased fornt fold amount due to the abdonimal protrusion, $\circled2$ the increased back dart amount and the decreased back dart length owing to the hips prominent and $\circled3$ the front and back differences of waist and hip girth for the lateral view silhouette. Therefore the front waist girth was defined as W/4+0.5cm+2.0cm+flod (5.0cm), the back waist girth as W/4+0.5cm-20.cm+dart(4.0cm), the front hip girth as H/4+2.0cm+1.0cm and the back hip girth as H/4+2.0cm-1.0cm. The sensory evaluation of appearance and comfort was appeared more suitable on the experiment pattern than on the conventional pattern.