• 재활간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Purpose: This was a methodological study to develop a valid and reliable health assessment tool for middle-aged adults in long-term care settings (HATMAL). Methods: At the first stage of this study, initial 56-items HATMAL were derived via literature review, survey for needs assessment, and focus group interviews with experts. At the second stage, 54 items HATMAL were finalized via content validity test with 5 experts and a pilot study with 30 nurses. At the third stage, validity and reliability tests were conducted with 100 middle-aged patients in a long-term care hospital. Data were analyzed by factor analysis using SPSS 18.0 program. Results: Exploratory factor analysis resulted in 3 factors; functional assessment, symptom assessment, and comfort assessment. These 3 factors explained 83.8% of total variance and construct validity was confirmed. Test-retest reliability was .67 for appetite changes, .76 for regulating for behavior problems, and 1.0 for other items. Conclusion: Results indicate that HATMAL is valid and reliable to assess the health for middle-aged patients in long-term care settings. This study would contribute to provide more effective personalized treatment and care for middle-aged patients in long-term care settings considering their own characteristics.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1407-1417
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• 2008

This study intended to compare the effects of fashion emotional and relationship experience of middle and old aged women on their long-term relationship orientation. The survey was conducted in September and October in 2006 on 579 middle old aged women whose age varied from 40 to 70 years old, who lived in Seoul and the metropolitan area and had experienced fashion shopping. The SPSS 12.0 was used to do an analysis of frequency, an exploratory factor analysis, and a multi-regression analysis and Lisrel 8.14 was applied to make a path analysis. The result of this study was as follows: Comparing the two age groups, the most important fact was that fashion related experience had more affective on long-term relationship orientation for old aged than middle aged women. Secondly, the effects of fashion emotional experience of middle and old aged women affected the long-term relationship orientation were the same. This analysis suggested that intensive marketing strategy effort of emotional experience for middle aged women and relational experience for old aged women should be more effective in fashion market.

• 인지과학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.29-46
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 선형적 삼단 논법에서 결론의 생성이 두 전제에서 공통되는 항목인 중간 항목에 대한 처리를 매개로 이루어짐을 보이고자 하였다. 실험 1에서는 Clark(1969a)의 언어설과 조명한과 김청택(1988)의 언어 이해설을 대비시켜, 두 전제에서 질문과 합치하도록 말단 항목을 표상하는 것이 문제 풀이에 더 중요한지 아니면 두 전제에서 중간 항목을 표상하는 것이 더 중요한지를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 두 전제 각각에 질문을 하여 두 전제에서 모두 중간 항목이 답이 되거나 또는 말단 항목이 답이 되도록 하였다. 질문에 의해 중간 항목의 부호화가 용이하였던 중간 항목 표상 조건이 말단 항목의 부호화가 용이하였던 말단 항목 표상 조건보다 문제 풀이가 더 빨라 중간 항목의 처리가 문제 풀이에 더 중요함을 보여주었다. 실험 2에서는 중간 항목을 통해 전제간에 공통 참조적 연결을 이루는 것만으로 전제가 통합될 수 있는지 아니면 중간 항목에 대한 상대적 위치 정보가 부가적으로 더 처리되어야 하는지를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 두 번째 전제의 중간 항목을 대명사화 하여 중간 항목의 확인을 어렵게 만든 후, 중간 항목이 누구를 가리키는지를 직접 알려준 조건과 중간 항목의 상대적 위치를 알려준 조건의 수행을 비교하였다. 중간 항목의 상대적 위치를 알려준 경우의 수행이 더 우수하였는데, 이는 중간 항목의 상대적 위치 정보가 처리되는 것이 문제 풀이에 중요하다는것을 나타낸다. 실험 1과 실험 2의 결과는 삼어 서열 문제에서 두 전제의 통합은 중간 항목을 중심으로, 이루어지며 이때 중간 항목은 두 전제간의 공통 참조적 연결을 가능하게 할 뿐만 아니라 말단 항목 대한 상대적 위치를 나타내어 중간 항목을 중심으로 말단 항목의 위치가 계산될 수 있도록 하는 역할을 수행함을 보여주었다.핵형이 생성된다. 이러한 기전에 의해서 만들어진 새로운 완전한 배우체들은 동일한 형태의 배우자와 수정되므로써 새로운 상동염색체를 가진 종 L. dorsalis, L. leucopus, L. ruficaudatus, L. edwardsi가 형성되었다 이 결과들은 유전적으로 완전한 새로운 종이 교잡종의 군집으로부터 활성화된 염색체들의 융합, 접합기에서 환형으로의 배열 기전을 통해 형성될 수 있다는 이론을 뒷받침한다.aritoxin으로 보고한 ST-1은 ciguatoxin의 형태인 less polar cigutoxin (LPCTX) 으로 생각된다.에서 각각 대조구의 57, 413 및 315% 증진되었다. 거품의 열안정성은 15분 whipping시, pH 4.0(대조구, 30.2%) 및 5.0(대조구, 23.7%)에서 각각 $0{\sim}38.0$ 및 $0{\sim}57.0%$이었고 pH 7.0(대조구, 39.6%) 및 8.0(대조구, 43.6%)에서 각각 $0{\sim}59.4$ 및 $36.6{\sim}58.4%$이었으며 sodium alginate 첨가시가 가장 양호하였다. 전체적으로 보아 거품안정성이 높은 것은 열안정성도 높은 경향이며, 표면장력이 낮으면 거품형성능이 높아지고, 비점도가 높으면 거품안정성 및 열안정성이 높아지는 경향이 있었다.protocol.eractions between application agents that are developed using different languages. Dynamic agent invocation is accomplished by Java Native Interface(JNI) that links two heterogeneous methods,

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.923-951
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• 2009

중학교 수학 평가에서 지필평가가 차지하는 비율은 대부분의 학교에서 80% 이상이나, 지필평가의 분석은 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이 논문에서는 중학교에서 실시한 이차방정식과 이차함수 영역에 대한 지필고사 문제들을 우리나라 교육과정의 수학교과 총괄목표 및 각 단원의 평가목표에 따라 분석한다.

• 복식
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.34-48
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• 2008

Modern fashion market is being developed by emotional values rather than rational idea of customers. Experiential marketing is an effective marketing strategy for fashion marketplace because customers tend to consider fashion shopping as an enjoyable experience. Among the fashion markets, the fashion stores for middle.old aged women that have various points of contacts could be appropriate place where emotional and relational marketing strategies would be applied to. The effects of the procedure "emotional and relational experience$\rightarrow$commitments$\rightarrow$long-term relationship orientation" that fashion customers are experiencing, by forming a path model, two types of experiential effects from emotion and relation were examined. It was found that fashion emotional and relational experiences were important factors because these factors affected a long-term relationship orientation. The findings of the study provide marketing strategy that enables to promote a consistent relationship between fashion stores and customers. Furthermore, this study will contribute to the criteria for segmentation of middle and old aged women's fashion market who have own desire for fashion emotional and relational experience.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.291-315
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• 2001

There are some problems in the introduction of proof in middle school mathematics. Among the problems, one is the use of postulates and the another is the methods of proof how to connect a statement with others. The first case has been treated mainly in this note. Since proof means to state the reason logically why the statement is true on the basis of others which have already been known as true and basic properties, in order to prove logically, it is necessary to take the basic properties and the statement known already as true. But the students don't know well what are the basic properties and the statement known already as true for proving. No use of the term postulation(or axiom) cause the confusion to distinguish postulation and theorem. So they don't know which statements are accepted without proof or not accepted without proof, To solve this problems, it is necessary to use the term postulate in middle school mathematics. In middle school mathematics, we present same model of the introduction of proof which are used the postulates needed for the proof.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제47권7호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2009

This study investigated the impact of long-term relationship orientation on emotional characteristic in fashion stores and relationship characteristic between middle-aged and senior women and salespeople. This study employed survey method with questionnaire. Data were collected from 579 women who were from the age of forty to seventy. The data were analyzed using statistic methods(SPSS 15.0 and Amos 5.0) such as frequency analysis, cronbach $\alpha$, exploratory factor analysis, second-order confirmatory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. The findings of this study were concluded as follows; Firstly, the income significantly affected on emotional characteristics(p < 0.01), but had no significant effect on long-term relationship orientation(p < 0.05). The higher income, the more respondents exhibited positive attitude and sensitive emotional characteristics as a sense of sight, hearing, smell, tactile and feeling to salespeople in the fashion stores. The path of structural equation was implemented as income variables $\rightarrow$ emotional characteristics $\rightarrow$ (relationship with salespeople variables $\rightarrow$ )commitment $\rightarrow$ long-term relationship orientation which turned out to be statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Secondly, senior group(55~70yrs) was more positive relationship with salespeople compared to middle-aged group(40~54yrs). The precondition of get satisfaction and feeling of being cared from the salespeople were critical for long-term relationship orientation. The path of structural equation was carried out as age variables $\rightarrow$ relationship with salespeople variables $\rightarrow$ commitment $\rightarrow$ long-term relationship orientation which turned out to be statistically significant at the 95% confidence level.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

Although the proportion of frail elderly among the elderly population has been rapidly increasing, there is little preparation to provide housing alternatives for them in Korean society. Long-term care facility a housing alternative for frail elderly that enables them to receive social and medical care services that enhance the quality of their life. This research was conducted to study the opinions of middle-aged Koreans about long-term care facilities for the frail elderly. This study provides useful suggestions for the development of user-paid long-term care facilities in the near future. A survey questionnaire was administered to 600 adults in their 50s to collect data. The sample was stratified according to region, gender, and housing structure type. The results showed that most of the respondents were aware of long-term care facilities for the frail elderly; but they were relatively unwilling to live in these facilities, as compared to other housing alternatives. However, a larger number of respondents said that as they became very frail, they would be willing to live in these facilities. The respondents expressed a high level of need for user-paid long-term care facilities as an alternative to hospitalization. Also, they wanted to have a variety of long-term care facilities that are designed for different levels of disability. The education level of respondents and their spouses, average monthly income, subjective economic level, and religion were major variables that differentiated significantly the opinions about long-term care facilities for the frail elderly.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제41호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2003

Residential space can be stated as a decisive body compositely affected by environmental, physical, social, and cultural influences. Resulting from this idea, residential space can be defined as a mirror reflecting peoples' life at that period. Therefore, it is possible to understand the social and cultural aspects of a certain era through analyzing the residential space built and used at that period. Viewing from this point, latter term of Chosun Period, as a transitional period, was a tie of collapse for the structure of middle-class society forcing its identity system to be reorganized, and of improving upon commerce, agriculture, and manual industry to enable modernization. Following this idea, the goal of this research is to analyze characteristics of higher middle class residences built at the close of 19th century in Gyeonggi province in order to bring into light the change of social structure of the period.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.878-890
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to apply the PEOE class model that can enhance students' scientific creative problem-solving ability and self-directed learning ability in the middle school science subject and analyze the effects of it on students' long- and short-term retention, scientific creative problem-solving ability, and self-directed learning characteristics. And the paper has gained the following results: First, according to the result of analysis through the pre-test, post-test, and delay test to examine the effects of PEOE-based class on learners' long- and short-term retention, it is found to be statistically significant in the significant level of .05. In other words, the class using PEOE influences learners' short-term retention significantly, but it is even more effective in transmitting the concept that students acquire into their long-term memory. Second, according to the result of analysis through the pre-test and post-test to examine the effects of PEOE-based class on learners' scientific creative problem-solving ability, it is found to be statistically significant in the significant level of .05 in general. However, 'elaboration' and 'originality', the subfactors of scientific creative problem-solving ability, do not indicate significant effects. Third, according to the result of analysis through the pre-test and post-test to examine the effects of PEOE-based class on learners' self-directed learning characteristics, it is found to be statistically significant in the significant level of .05 as a whole. However, 'openness' and 'future-oriented self-understanding', the subfactors of self-directed learning characteristics, do not exert significant effects. Based on the above study results, it can be concluded that PEOE-based class is more effective for learners' academic achievement in science, scientific creative problem-solving ability, and self-directed learning characteristics than lecture-method instruction regarding the middle school science unit of 'The Properties of Air and Weather Change'.