• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1302-1313
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• 2010

The west express way is notorious for extremely heavy traffic area in the west of Seoul, South Korea. Hence, the city government recently initiated a new underground BTO (Build-Transfer-Operate) road project to solve traffic congestion and a high construction cost. The proposed underground express road being designed is the first double-level tunnel ever designed in South Korea and using Conventional tunnelling method (NATM). A total length of tunnel for light vehicles is 10.91km long including both open cut structures and concrete lining with middle-deck in bored tunnel. There are also 4 ventilation shafts for ventilation and evacuation on emergency. Many design issues had been aroused during the preliminary design phase and detail design phase is currently going on. This paper discusses design focuses including excavation methods, ground water issues, a deck slab installation, and a construction cost etc. for the double level road tunnel design of urban area.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.635-662
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• 2010

In this study, the effect of superstructure-abutment continuity on the distribution of live load effects among the girders of integral abutment bridges (IABs) is investigated. For this purpose, two and three dimensional finite element models of several single-span, symmetrical integral abutment and simply supported (jointed) bridges (SSBs) are built and analyzed. In the analyses, the effect of various superstructure properties such as span length, number of design lanes, girder size and spacing as well as slab thickness are considered. The results from the analyses of two and three dimensional finite element models are then used to calculate the live load distribution factors (LLDFs) for the girders of IABs and SSBs as a function of the above mentioned parameters. LLDFs for the girders are also calculated using the AASHTO formulae developed for SSBs. Comparison of the analyses results revealed that the superstructure-abutment continuity in IABs produces a better distribution of live load effects among the girders compared to SSBs. The continuity effects become more predominant for short span IABs. Furthermore, AASHTO live load distribution formulae developed for SSBs lead to conservative estimates of live load girder moments and shears for short-span IABs.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.695-702
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• 2006

본 연구는 콘크리트 포장에 복륜 단축, 복륜 복축, 복륜 삼축 등 복륜 다축 차량 하중이 작용할 때 포장의 응력 분포와 최대 응력을 변환영역에서의 해석법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 우선 변환영역에서의 해석법을 이용한 결과와 유한요소법을 이용한 결과를 비교하여 해석법의 정확성을 파악하였다. 그리고 종방향과 횡방향을 따라 응력의 분포형태를 분석하고, 콘크리트 슬래브의 두께, 콘크리트 탄성계수, 지반 탄성계수 등이 응력 분포에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 또한 하중 접지면적과 연관된 하중 접지압의 변화에 따른 콘크리트 포장의 응력 분포도 분석하였으며 콘크리트 포장에서 최대 응력이 어느 위치에서 발생하는지에 대한 연구도 수행하였다. 연구 결과 다축 하중에 의한 콘크리트 포장의 최대 응력은 콘크리트의 탄성계수가 증가할수록, 슬래브의 두께가 감소할수록, 그리고 지반 탄성계수가 감소할수록 증가하였다. 이러한 변수 등이 변할 때 축수에 따른 최대 응력 비율의 변화는 대체적으로 미소하지만 지반 탄성계수가 작을 때는 축수가 증가 할수록 최대 응력 비율이 급격히 증가한다. 횡방향의 최대 응력 발생 위치는 일반적으로는 접지압이 증가하면 바깥쪽에서 안쪽으로 이동하며 콘크리트 탄성계수나 슬래브 두께가 증가하거나 지반 탄성계수가 감소할 때도 최대 응력 발생 위치는 바깥쪽에서 안쪽으로 이동한다. 종방향 상의 최대 응력 위치는 하중 접지압에 영향을 받지 않으며 단축과 복축 하중일 경우는 축의 위치이며 삼축 하중일 경우에는 콘크리트 탄성계수나 슬래브 두께가 증가하던지 또는 지반 탄성계수가 감소하면 최대 응력이 생기는 종방향 위치가 양쪽 바깥축에서 중간축의 위치로 바뀌게 된다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2000

교량 바닥판 설계에 대한 현 시방규정은 바닥판 슬래브가 처짐이 구속된 거더에 연속 지지되어 있다고 가정하므로, 바닥판 지간 중앙의 정모멘트와 거더 상단에 발생하는 부모멘트의 크기가 같은 것으로 간주하고 있다. 그러나 바닥판에 발생하는 휨모멘트는 거더의 처짐에 의해서 많은 영향을 받고 있으며, 거더의 처짐을 고려치 않는 현 시방규정에 의해 설계된 바닥판은 상부철근의 부식으로 인한 내구성 저하와 유지보수 비용 증가 등의 문제점을 안고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 매크로 요소를 이용해 거더의 처짐 효과를 고려할 수 있는 해석법을 개발하였고, 이를 유한요소법을 통해 검증하였다. 또한, 이 해석법을 바탕으로 바닥판의 횡방향 휨모멘트에 영향을 미치는 여러 변수에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 해석 결과, 바닥판의 지점부 모멘트는 거더의 간격뿐만 아니라 거더와 바닥판의 휨강성비 교량의 길이, 하중의 재하위치, 거더의 비틀림 강성, 가로보의 휨강성과 배치 간격 등에 많은 영향을 받고 있는 것을 알 수 있으며, 영향선을 이용해 최대하중 위치를 결정하여 몇 개의 예제교량을 대상으로 지점부의 설계모멘트를 계산해 본 결과, 현 시방규정이 다소 보수적인 값을 나타내고 있다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2107-2112
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• 2010

To analyze the effect of temperature on pavement types of dedicated lane, we have performed a temperature monitoring for pavements which were constructed in test track for Bimodal Tram. These pavements classified into four types; natural and artificial lawn, concrete and asphalt. Dedicated lane composed of natural and artificial lawn has a complex structure with concrete slab in contact surface of tires, and with 1m natural or artificial lawn in the middle part of lane. From monitoring results for pavements, dedicated lane with natural lawn shows lower temperature value compared with other dedicated lanes, and it is expected to decrease the heat island effect of conventional road if constructed.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2002년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.715-718
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• 2002

As the modern technology of continuous casting plant is focused on improvement of slab quality, the control system of strand driven roll which has positive effect is investigated in this paper. An irregular distribution of withdrawal force gives rise to horizontal crack in high and middle grade carbon steel. Based on the basic understanding on design concept of high technology company, monitoring the withdrawal force distribution of strand driven roll and analysis of the control system was Performed at continuous casters of POSCO. The control algorithm of withdrawal force distribution for A.C motor vector control, which was derived from above study and had been applied for POSCO Kwangyang 1-4 continuous casting plant, is presented.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2019

Progressive collapse is one of the factors which if not predicted at the time of structure plan; its occurrence will lead to catastrophic damages. Through having a glance over important structures chronicles in the world, we will notice that the reason of their collapse is a minor damage in structure caused by an accident like a terrorist attack, smashing a vehicle, fire, gas explosion, construction flaws and its expanding. Progressive collapse includes expanding rudimentary rupture from one part to another which leads to total collapse of a structure or a major part it. This study examines the progressive collapse of a 5-story concrete building with three column eliminating scenarios, including the removal of the corner, side and middle columns with the ABAQUS software. Then the beams and the bottom of the concrete slab were reinforced by (reinforcement of carbon fiber reinforced polymer) FRP and then the structure was re-analyzed. The results of the analysis show that the reinforcement of carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheets is one of the effective ways to rehabilitate and reduce the progressive collapse in concrete structures.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.527-538
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• 2024

This study proposes a two-dimensional hyperbolic soil spring model for mat foundations in clays subjected to vertically uniform loads to simplify the complexity of three-dimensional finite element analysis on mat foundations. The solutions from three-dimensional finite element analysis were examined to determine the hyperbolic model parameters of the soil springs underneath the slab. Utilizing these model parameters, normalized functions across the middle section of the mat were obtained. The solutions from the proposed model, along with the approximate finite difference analysis of the mat in clays under vertical load, were found to be consistent with those from the three-dimensional finite element analysis. The authors conclude that the proposed method can serve as an alternative for the preliminary design of mat foundations.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2000

지하박스구조물을 개착식으로 시공할 때에는 토공을 최소화하여 지반을 굴착하고 구조물을 설치한 후에 되메움하므로 지반굴착면과 구조물사이의 되메움 공간이 크지 않다. 따라서 구조물의 상부슬래브와 외측벽에 작용하는 토압의 크기와 분포형상은 구조물의 거동에 큰 영향을 미치며, 되메움 폭과 굴착면의 형상 및 토피두께 등에 따라 다르다. 본 연구에서는 원지반을 굴착한 후 구조물을 설치하고 잔여 굴착공간을 되메움하여 지하박스 구조물을 건설하는 시공 과정을 FLAC을 이용하여 수치해석하고 그 결과를 Marston-Spangler등의 이론과 silo 이론 및 모형실험 결과와 비교하였다. 결과적으로 상부슬래브에 작용하는 연직토압이 슬래브중앙에서는 토피하중과 같으나 구조물의 가장자리에서는 되메움 폭과 굴착면의 경사 및 토피의 두께 등에 따라 이보다 작거나 커졌고, 외측벽에 작용하는 수평토압은 정지토압보다 작았으며, 깊이에 따라 비선형적으로 증가하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.475-494
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• 2020

Presented are experimental results from 24 full-scale push test specimens to study the behaviour of composite beams with trapezoidal profiled sheeting laid transverse to the beam axis. The tests use a single-sided horizontal push test setup and are divided into two series. First series contained shear loading only and the second had normal load besides shear load. Four parameters are studied: the effect of wire mesh position and number of its layers, placing a reinforcing bar at the bottom flange of the deck, normal load and its position, and shear stud layout. The results indicate that positioning mesh on top of the deck flange or 30 mm from top of the concrete slab does not affect the stud's strength and ductility. Thus, existing industry practice of locating the mesh at a nominal cover from top of the concrete slab and Eurocode 4 requirement of placing mesh 30 mm below the stud's head are both acceptable. Double mesh layer resulted in 17% increase in stud strength for push tests with single stud per rib. Placing a T16 bar at the bottom of the deck rib did not affect shear stud behaviour. The normal load resulted in 40% and 23% increase in stud strength for single and double studs per rib. Use of studs only in the middle three ribs out of five increased the strength by 23% compared to the layout with studs in first four ribs. Eurocode 4 and Johnson and Yuan equations predicted well the stud strength for single stud/rib tests without normal load, with estimations within 10% of the characteristic experimental load. These equations highly under-estimated the stud capacity, by about 40-50%, for tests with normal load. AISC 360-16 generally over-estimated the stud capacity, except for single stud/rib push tests with normal load. Nellinger equations precisely predicted the stud resistance for push tests with normal load, with ratio of experimental over predicted load as 0.99 and coefficient of variation of about 8%. But, Nellinger method over-estimated the stud capacity by about 20% in push tests with single studs without normal load.