• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.140-151
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• 2001

This study based on the theoretical understanding of multi-layer planting which have engineering, ecological and landscape benefits, was conducted to find out the status of multi-layer planting in the apartment and neighborhood park in Seoul. This study was also aimed to seek for the problematic matters, and suggest a solution on the current multi-layer planting. The results of this study were as follows; 1) Since landscape woody plants have been classified just as tree and shrub in Korea, the classification for the multi-layer planting has been unreasonable, and landscape woody plants might have been classified as tree, sub-tree and shrub, or upper, middle, and lower-layer, It could be defined that upper layer is over eight meters in full growth, middle over 3-8 meters and lower under 3 meters. 2) In apartments, the upper layer consisted of eighteen species, the middle and lower layer seven species each. In neighborhood parks, the upper layer consisted of fifteen species, and the middle and lower layer five species each. 3) In terms of planting year of the surveyed areas, there were no differences in the number of species when planting year of the apartment was divided into two groups, the first half(1900-1995) and the second(1996-2000). But, in terms of individual occupation, the percentage was decreased in upper layer, while there was increasing in middle and lower layer. 4) As the result of survey of multi-layered area, it appeared that apartment was shown 0.65 percent and neighborhood park 0.61 percent of the planted area, which was less than 1 percentage of landscape architecturally planted area. 5) In apartment, the number of individual in middle layers has been increased in the first half and the second, but with respect to the correlation with multi-layered area, the apartments had the "$\rho$=0.208", saying that increasing middle layer was scattered planting instead of multi-layered planting. 6) In planting at the apartments in Korea, the planting density was limited, because the layer division was restricted to only tree and shrub. On the contrary, it was divided into upper, middle and lower tree in Japan. Therefore, in Korea, it should be classified as the planting density by dividing into tree, sub-tree, and shrubs, or upper, middle and lower tree by the law. And, it should be considered that the multi-layered planting has a proper organic relation as well as the planting density.g density.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.242-247
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• 2009

Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was performed to define the genetic variation and relationships of Artemisia capillaris. Fifteen populations by the distributions and habitat were collected to conduct RAPD analysis. RAPD markers were observed mainly between 300bp and 1600bp. Total 72 scorable markers from 7 primers were applied to generate the genetic matrix, and 69 bands were polymorphic and only 3 bands were monomorphic. The genetic dissimilarity matrix by Nei's genetic distance (1972) and UPGMA phenogram were produced from the data matrix. Populations of Artemisia capillaris were clustered with high genetic affinities and cluster patterns were correlated with distributional patterns. Two big groups were clustered as southern area group and middle area group. The closest OTUs were GW2 and GG1 in middle area group, and GB1 from southern area group was clustered with OTUs in middle area group. RAPD data was useful to define the genetic variations and relationships of A. capillaris.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.719-732
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• 2008

The total number of flies collected was 4,864 with sex ratio of 32.8% from Suseungdae area, Geochang-gun, Gyeongnam, Korea. The fauna of fly was 35 species consisting of 13 Calliphoridae, 12 Muscidae, 8 Sarcophagidae, 1 Dryomyzidae and 1 Anthomyiidae. The number of genus and species of Calliphoridae and Muscidae of Suseungdae area were similarly found in the mountain and residential areas, however, those of Sarcophagidae was similar with that of residential area. Calliphoridae was the most dominant family at the survey sites with 60.4% of the total collected flies, and followed Muscidae 33.3% and Sarcophagidae 6.2%. The dominant species were constituted of 83.6% of the total flies and the order of collected flies was Chrysomyia pinguis (42.2%), Limnophora sp. (10.8%), Muscina angustifrons (8.6%), Calliphora lata (8.1%), Fannia scalaris (5.5%), Lucilia caesar (3.9%), and Boettcherisca peregrina (4.2%). The seasonal prevalence of flies was from the middle of March to the end of November, and the peak time of appearance was the middle of June, middle of September and middle of October. The highest peak of prevalence was the middle of October. The similarity index of the flies was above 80%, compared to Mt. Geonheung and landfill in Geochang-gun. The number of fly species was more affected by the mean air temperature. In the comparison of the seasonal prevalence and relative abundance of 7 predominant species among 35 species, each species was found to exhibit its specific characteristics and showed the pattern of species.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.18-22
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• 2003

In this thesis, Middle frequency wave propagation modeling is studied for the varies mountain geography the experimented middle frequency propagation model is researched in a shot time to analyze the broad area that consists of mountains. Due to the Sommerfeld - Norton model which is used broadly the middle frequency propagation model to analyze the broad area in a short time is proposed introducing the newly attenuation parameter of the experimental results on the basis of actual experiments at the mountain configuration regardless of the area of mountain, plane, sea etc.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2011

The study aims to analyze and evaluate the evaluation items and application methods of environment-friendly middle schools in Chungbuk area by case studies. For the study, the criteria and situations of environment-friendly schools are analyzed literally and three environment-friendly middle schools in Chungbuk area selected. The field surveys and faculty interviews are performed. As results, about 35 environment-friendly technologies are applied and 66 to 68 points are acquired in three selected schools. It is analyzed that the PV, natural interior materials, raining recycle system and sufficient green spaces are pointed out as main technologies. About 66% of respondents know the environment-friendly certification and use the environment facilities in classes. However, the unsuitable plants for interior green spaces, unskilled management of recycling facilities and the absent of student participate programs show up as main problems. Also, the active campaigns need to expand the environment-friendly school.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.47-64
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is on the expansion of trade between South Korea and Middle East Countries. This paper examines the existing state of the Middle East area. The Trade Intensity index and Trade Specialization index analysis enables to evaluate the trade between South korea and Middle east Countries. Hence, this study explains how to proceed the trade and shows some items for advancement in the market. And it gives also some products for vitalizing the export in South Korea. Furthermore, this presents the next-generation growth engines industry and develops new market frontier. In order to promote trade between South korea and Middle East area, korean government must be keep trying to make the FTA with middle east. and korean company must be improving to understand the local culture and to hire special for Middle East.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze nursing-related content in middle, and high school textbooks under the National Common Basic Curriculum in Korea. Methods: Nursing-related content from 43 middle school textbooks and 13 high school textbooks was analyzed. Results: There were 28 items of nursing-related content in the selected textbooks. Among them, 13 items were in the 'nursing activity' area, 6 items were in the 'nurse as an occupation' area, 2 items were in the 'major and career choice' area, 6 items were 'just one word' and 1 item in 'others'. Conclusion: The main nursing related content which portrayed in the middle and high school textbooks were caring for patients (7 items accounting for 46.5%), nurses working in hospitals (6 items accounting for 21.4%). In terms of gender perspective, female nurses (15 items accounting for 53.6%) were most prevalent.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.1 s.35
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• pp.55-68
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the content of 'Management of Resource and Environment' area in middle school Home Economics textbook with other middle school subject textbooks. The middle school textbooks of Korean. Mathematics. Social Science. Science. Ethics. Technology. Arts. Music, and Physical Education were analyzed how the contents of these textbooks were similar to or different from those of 'Management of Resource and Environment' area in Home Economics textbooks. The contents of 8 subject textbooks except Music were related with those of 'Management of Resource and Environment' area in Home Economics textbooks. The content of Social Science was the most similar to 'Management of Resource and Environment' area in Home Economics textbooks although perspectives and focus were somewhat different. The unit of Home Economics textbook most related with contents of other subject textbooks was' Our Consumption Lives'. while 'Management of Time and Work for Adolescence' is the unit of Home Economics textbook least related with contents of other subject textbooks. However. similar contents were dealt with different focus and depth in textbooks according to objectives and characteristics of subject.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2002

To investigate the critical seeding date for Daeyeupdlkkae in the middle area of Korea, we seeded from 30 April to 20 July with 20-day intervals on the experimental field in Chungbuk-Do agricultural research and extension service. As seeding date was delayed, days to emergence were shortened, flowering and maturing date were delayed, but maturing period was not significantly affected by seeding date. Delayed seed date resulted in decreased stem length, culm diameter, number of branches per plant and number of nodes on the main stem. Cluster length and 1,000 grain weight increased but number of cluster per plant and number of seed capsules per cluster decreased with delayed seeding. Seeding date up to 10 June showed no effected on grain yield, but 30 June and 20 July decreased 10% and 38%, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.66-73
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• 2001

Yangsan fault in the southeastern part of Korean peninsula has been locally reactivated along a prexisted fault during the late Pleistocene time. Geomorphological evidence of the reactivation is revealed at the northern segment(Yugye-ri, Tosung-ri areas) of the Yangsan fault. The reactivation is distinctively characterized by fault gouge and fracture zone with high frequency in the Yugye-ri area. Obique slip separation of the area is about three meters of the middle terrace. The cumulative vertical displacement is recognized after the formation of the middle terrace. Age of the reactivated faulting is constrained to during the formation of dissected valley deposits. Average vertical slip based on paleo-event is inferred to about 0.5-0.7 meter in this area.