• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.333-341
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• 2020

This study examined the trajectories of the marital satisfaction among middle and old aged couples for 8 years. This study focused on middle and old aged couples who were relatively uninterested in family research. Using the 1-5 Waves of Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) 2006-2014, the study included 635 middle and old aged couples whose husbands were 65-74 years old at baseline. First, a latent growth model indicated that a husband's and wife's marital satisfaction trajectories decreased over time. Second, a parallel latent growth model indicated that a husband's marital satisfaction trajectories decreased more quickly, when the initial level of their own marital satisfaction was higher (husband's actor-effect); in addition, a wife's marital satisfaction trajectories also decreased more quickly, when the initial level of their own marital satisfaction was higher (wife's actor-effect). Wife's marital satisfaction trajectories decreased more slowly, when the initial level of their husband's marital satisfaction was higher (husband's partner-effect); however, the husband's slope was not associated with the initial level of their wife's. The methodological value of this work shows the application of a parallel latent growth model that includes the actor and partner effect of APIM. The findings extend our understanding of longitudinal marital dynamics between couples and promote a study on the trajectories of marital satisfaction at stages of the family life cycle.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.133-140
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• 2017

This study was conducted to determine the casual relationship among family support, social support, workplace spirituality, and quality of life (QOL) for middle-aged, male office workers, as well as the effects of family support, and social support on their QOL with the mediation of workplace spirituality. The participants were 288 middle-aged, male office workers, and the data were collected from 14 October to 30 November, 2016, through questionnaires. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlations using PASW 21.0, while the AMOS 18.0 program was used for structural equation modeling (SEM), and the fitness of the final model was determined using RMSEA .05, GFI .98, AGFI .94 and NFI .96. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. There were correlations between family support, social support, workplace spirituality, and QOL for the middle-aged, male office workers. Second, family support (${\beta}=.60$, p<.001) and social support (${\beta}=.47$, p<.001) had a direct effect on their workplace spirituality. Third, family support had direct (${\beta}=.12$, p=.002) and indirect (${\beta}=.10$, p<.001), while social support also had direct (${\beta}=.12$, p<.001) and indirect (${\beta}=.08$, p<.001) effects on their QOL. The findings also suggested that workplace spirituality had a partial mediating effect between the family support, social support, and QOL of the middle-aged, male office workers.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.155-165
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyse the factor of the variables that contributed to the ego-identity of middle-aged women. The subjects were 751 middle-aged women whose age was from 40 to 60 years old. The instruments used in the study were the assessments of ego-identity, self-differentiation, and internal systems. The data were analysed by using pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression. The findings were as follows; (1) In the result of the analysis about relationships with ego-identity, the ego-identity was positively correlated with self-differentiation and the self of internal systems and negatively correlated with the parts of internal systems; (2) Predictors of ego-identity of the middle-aged women ordered occupation type, the level of education, cognitive-emotional function, self integration, family projection process, self, pleasing/abandoned part, and self-harming part. Based on these results, the recommendations for the future research in this area were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.446-456
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for nursing programs in order to reduce depression among middle aged adults by looking at gender differences. Method: A comparative descriptive design was used. Subjects were 315 adults from February. 15 to March. 2, 2005, using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using $\chi^{2}$-test, Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression. Results: $\chi^{2}$-test revealed significant gender differences in socio-demographic variables for career, drinking, smoking, and satisfaction with the spouse. The factors that influenced depression for men were stress, fatigue, job satisfaction and self-efficacy. For women, those factors were stress, family support, coping skills, and well-being. Conclusions: The results show that gender differences existed in terms of depressions, in terms of factors influencing depression. As a result, when middle aged adults are provided nursing programs, gender differences should be considered. To decrease the depression of men, nursing interventions are needed to decrease their stress and fatigue, and to improve their job satisfaction and self- efficacy. To decrease the depression of women, it is also needed to decrease their stress, to elevate their family support and coping skills, and to support them so that their well-being is perceived good.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.215-225
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the meaning of life experience following suicide attempt among middle-aged men. Methods: A qualitative research design was adopted using van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The participants were six middle-aged men who had attempted suicide at least one time. Data were collected in 2013 through in-depth interviews. Individual interviews were recorded; and literary, art works and phenomenological literature were searched to identify the meaning of the experience. Results: The five essential themes of the life experience of middle-aged men who attempted suicide were 'Bitter reality confronted again', 'Anger buried deep inside', 'Broken family, inescapable fetters', 'Blocked relationships, closed world' and 'A step towards a new life'. Conclusion: The meaning of lived experience found in this study provides deep insight into the experience following suicide attempt in middle-aged men and crucial information to give directions to appropriate support and nursing interventions.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.163-176
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• 1996

This study explores the overall social activities of the middle-aged women. The middle-aged married women of this study are the 40-59 years old and having youngest child above 10 years. Their social activities are categorized into work activities leisure avtivities social network with kin friends and neighbors and religious activities. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The work activities of he middle-aged married women are characterized by stable employment preparation of reentry to the job worries of unemployment and preparation of retirement(2) The leisure activities of the middle-aged married women are devided into two styles; family oriented activities and self developing activities. (3) In social networks especially the social relation with neighbor are increased and the relation with kinship tends to be bilineages. (4) Their religious activities are more supported by families than other activities. From he result this study suggests that : (1) The middle-aged m rried women might accept their midlife as a developmental stage. (2) The volunteer activities might be extended throughout the social activities (3) New social education programs for helping women's growth might be developed.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.77-95
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors related to leisure time to understand middle-aged one-person households. Data are from the recent survey of lifetime use in 2014 by Statistics Korea(N=1,138). Middle-aged one-person households aged 40-59 years were categorized into four groups by marital status (unmarried/married/widowed/divorced). Major results were found as follows: First, the total leisure time per day was 238 min in the middle-aged one-person households. The majority of the total leisure time was spent on 'fellowship & leisure activities'(204 min on weekdays, 283 min on weekends). Especially, time spent on real-time TV watching hours was the longest, as long as 89 min on weekday and 150 min on weekends. Second, gender differences were significant in terms of leisure time use in the middle-aged one-person households. Females spent less time on leisure than their male counterparts on both weekdays and weekends. In addition, gender differences related to marital status were significant. Third, on weekdays, the determinants of leisure time use among the middle-aged one-person households were health and type of employment for 'participation & volunteer activities', and gender, age, marital status, and type of employment variables for 'fellowship & leisure activities.' On weekends, time spent on 'participation & volunteer activities' were influenced by marital status, residential area, and type of employment, while time spent on 'fellowship & leisure activities' were significantly related to gender, type of employment, type of job, holiday system, and income.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2005

Recently, the number of elderly people in the rural area of Korea has increased remarkably and their food security has become deteriorated mainly due to the low economic status. To investigate the food security for the elderly people, relevant data were obtained by offering questionnaire to the rural elderly people who were engaging in traditional agricultural production for daily foods. The subjects of 1870 were collected in 9 provinces according to PPS(Probability Proportional to Size). Questionnaire contained the items of dietary habit, food cultivation, Production and Preservation, and the suey was conducted by trained interviewers. SAS (ver 8.1) was used for statistical analyses in which Chi-square tests and General Linear Models were made. Family of the elderly people was $45.4\%$ of the total and the characteristics of elderly families were that age of male head was 82.1 years and that of female was 67.7 years, and that $68.8\%$ of elderly women were working for family income or pocket money. The elderly families' food cultivation state was surveyed and they were pepper$(59.1\%)$, chinese cabbage$(61.91\%)$, and sesame$(48.6\%)$ for their own consumption. But, bean sprout$(6.5\%)$, tofu$(7.7\%)$ and egg$(5.1\%)$ showed low rate of cultivation for the family. The rate of cultivating chinese cabbage$(61.9\%)$, and sesame$(48.6\%)$ was significantly higher than that of middle aged family. At the status of fermented food production for the elderly family, Doenjang$(87.4\%)$ and Gochujang$(86.3\%)$ Kanjang$(84.0\%)$ Kimchi$(92.9\%)$ Jangachi$(27.6\%)$ and Meju$(91.61\%)$maintained higher rate than that of middle aged families' Food preservation of elderly families was low and there are just jam$(5.3\%)$ and bottled products$(1.4\%)$. A little higher rate was observed lot the preserved food such as alcohol$(9.9\%)$ and powder$(9.8\%)$. For the elderly family the score of food cultivation was 4.08/12 points and that of food preservation was 0.62/12 points. The score of fermented food production for elderly family was 10.24/12 points which was significantly different from that of middle aged family (9.58/12 points, p<0.001). This result suggests that for the elderly people food with more protein is needed for production.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.398-412
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify a relationship between housework hours and fatigue level in middle-aged women. The subjects were 204 women living in Seoul and near the city, ranging in ages of 30-59(mean = 41.6 year) and were interviewed during the month of Oct. to Dec. 1999. The following questionnaires were utilized in this study: a self reporting housework time measurement table and a fatigue symptom scale originated from Yoshitake (1978). The analysis of the data was done by SAS program, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Total mean hours of housework of the subjects were shown 9.2 hours on weekdays and 8.9 hours on weekend. Mean hours according to the area of houseworks on weekdays and on weekend were preparing and providing meal 3.9 and 4.2, doing laundry and maintaining clothes 3.1 and 1.6, keeping and maintaining house 1.6 and 1.4, caring family 1.3 and 1.2, and keeping household records 0.5 both. 2. With respect to the general characteristics of the subjects, there were significantly difference in age, job, religion, type of family, number of children, experience of present and previous illness, and perceived body size. 3. Average fatigue scores of the subjects were 16.6 of total score 60. Fatigue scores by the area were neuroperceptive fatigue 6.5, mental fatigue 5.2, and physical fatigue 4.9 in order. There were significantly differences in the score of fatigue by religion, number of family, present illness, and perception of body size. 4. There were significantly positive relationships in the scores of fatigue with the total hours of housework, preparing and providing meal, doing laundry and maintaining clothes, keeping and maintaining house, and caring family. 5. The physical fatigue scores were positively related with the areas of preparing and providing meal, doing laundry and maintaining clothes. While the mental fatigue scores were positively related the areas of preparing and providing meal, caring family, and keeping and maintaining house, and neuroperceptive fatigue scores were positively related with the areas of keeping and maintaining house and caring family. The recommendations from this study were further studies to investigate how middle-aged women manage their fatigue level, increase public awareness of middle aged women's fatigue level, and develop programs for middle-aged women to help with high fatigue.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2018

This research aims to analyze the effects of stress management and family cohesion on middle-aged women. Research subjects were 322 middle-aged women living in cities K and Y ranging between 40-60 years of age. A frequency analysis, reliability analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were carried out utilizing the SPSS 18.0 statistics program. Firstly, results showed that the most frequently shown subjects were between 40-49 years old (59.3%), married (82.7%, 267), high school graduates or less (63.2%, 204), and practiced religion (77.6%, 250). Secondly, stress management, family cohesion, and happiness were the most frequent answers in this order. Thirdly, stress management, family cohesion, and happiness all showed to have a positive correlation. Fourthly, family cohesion had no effect on happiness. Meanwhile, stress management had the biggest effect on happiness with an explanation rate of 28.2%. The implications of this research are expected to be used as base line data for future social welfare programs for the improvement of middle-aged women's happiness.