• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.23-35
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• 1988

This study was designed to find out the effects of aerobic exercise on lipid and Ca metabolism in seven healthy college women, aged 20 to 22 years. Metabolic studies were conducted before and after a 10-weeks exercise period, during which subjects participated in the planned aerobic dance program every day except Sunday. The initial mean time engaged in the exercise was 28 minutes and it was gradually increased up to 45 minutes around the middle point of the exercise period. During both of metabolic study periods, the subjects ate experimental diets which supplied about 120g of protein and 600mg of Ca daily and during the rest of the experimental period they ate their usual diets. The use of alcoholic beverages and drugs were prohibited. The results were summarized as follows. 1) The effect of exercise on lipid metabolism. (1) Mean body weight decreased significantly after exercise(p<0.01) and it did not show a significant decline in skinfold thickness and total body fat contents. (2) Serum total cholesterol level decreased significantly after exercise(p<0.05) and TG level also tended to be lower than that of pre-exercise period. Exercise did not exert any influence on the level of serum HDL-cholesterol in this study. (3) Exercise did not alter total lipid content in feces and apparent lipid absorption rate. 2) The effect of exercise on Ca and P metabolism. (1) After exercise, focal Ca excretion was slightly reduced, however, urinary Ca excretion was not significantly changed. In the results, a slight increase was shown in body Ca retention after exercise. (2) Exercise tended to increase urinary P excretion, but neither P balance nor fecal excretion was significantly changed after exercise. (3) Bone mineral content was not affected by exercise. In summary, aerobic exercise decreased total cholesterol and TG level in serum and tended to increase body Ca retention. With the results, it can be concluded that the additional physical activities beyond the normal daily life in college women might prevent some degenerative diseases-suchas atherosclerosis and osteoporosis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.396-405
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This prospective study examined gender-specific associations between egg intake and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes using data from a large-scale cohort study. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 7,002 Korean adults (40-69 years) without type 2 diabetes at baseline were analyzed. Dietary intake was evaluated by a food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline (2001-2002) and the second follow-up examination (2005-2006). Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed as a fasting glucose concentration ${\geq}126mg/dL$ or current use of glucose-lowering medications or insulin injection. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident type 2 diabetes according to egg consumption or cholesterol intake. RESULTS: During a 14-year follow up period, 857 subjects developed type 2 diabetes. In men, frequent egg intake (2- < 4 servings/week) was associated with a 40% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes than infrequent egg intake (0- < 1 serving/week) (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37-0.97), whereas no association between egg intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes was observed in women (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.27-1.37). There was no association between cholesterol intake and risk of incident type 2 diabetes in either men or women. CONCLUSIONS: Egg consumption was inversely related to the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in men, but not in women, suggesting gender differences in the relationship between diet and disease risk.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.172-184
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• 2000

To establish a basic cohort which can survey the nutrient and food intake related to the health status of the middle and old-aged vertically, a longitudinal survey of 110 adults over forty years old was conducted three times in Chon-ju city over 5 years (1994-1999), and the influences of health status by changes in their nutrient and food intake were examined in this study. The results were as follows ; The number of subjects was 110(43 man, 67 women), 10.0% in their forties, 28.2% in their fifties, 45.4% in their sixties 6.4% over seventy, and their average age was 61.4. There were decrease of height about 1cm , increase of body fat % and few changes of BMI during the testing period. As the subjects were aging, the percentage of anemia increased, but averages of blood pressure and blood glucose(men : 91.8mg/㎗, women : 90.3mg/㎗) were constant. Total cholesterol increased from 196.7mg/㎗ to 212.6mg/㎗(P 0.05) over five years, and the numerical values for women were higher than that of men. In many cases, lack of nutrient intake was shown, as compared with the Recommended Dietary allowance(RDA) especially calcium and vitamin A(71.7%, 64.9% of RDA). Grains intake showed a tendency to decrease(P 0.01). On the contrary, fruit intake showed a tendency to increase(P 0.001). On whole meal, plant foods were 85.1% and animal foods were 14.9%. As dietary factors influencing health status were investigated, blood glucose was influenced by vitamin B$_2$, potatoes and triglyceride, DBP and SBP were affected by vitamin B$_1$, vitamin C, legumes, fishes, triglyceride and age. Total cholesterol was under the influence of triglyceride, milk, seeds and fat. BMI was influenced by iron, SBP, animal food, and age.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.186-192
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among prevalence of obesity, nutritional status and factors related to obesity of women who exercise regularly. The subjects of this study were 100 women who have been exercising regularly for more than 6 months. They were mostly housewives ages 24 to 63 years and had graduated middle or high school. Their average income was form 700 to 1,500 thousand won per month and most of them had 2 r 3 children. They sleep usually 6~8 hours a day. Most of physical indices of obesity were increased progressively with age. Among them , weight (61.5$\pm$1.4kg), subscapular (16.3$\pm$1.4mm) and abdomen(31.4$\pm$1.2mm) skinfold thickness were higher in 50 years than in others. BMI after exericse was decreased compared with BMI before exericise. WHR was 0.82 in 40 years and 0.85$\pm$0.01 in 50- to 60- year-old group. The percentage of body fat increased with advancing years and the highest values were shown in 50 - to 60-year old group (skyndex value : 38.6$\pm$0.6, BIA value : 28.7$\pm$0.8<0.05). The prevalence of obesity was measured by bioelectrical impedance fatness analyzer (BIA), obdy mass index (BMI) and skinfold thickness were 17.0%, 24.0% and 78.0% respectively. Most subjects were in good nutritional status, but in the subjects aged 24~49, energy (89.3%), iron (93.3%) and vit. A (97.4%) intake were slighltyl lower than the RDA. Energy intake was slightly insufficient tot he 50-63year old subjects (88.6%) compared with RDA. It seemed that they restricted calorie intake for the weight control. The energy percentage of carbohydrate, fat and protein was 65 : 20 : 15, the result of which came closed to the recommended calorei composition. There were positive correlations between obesity and other variable such as age. number of childeren and physical indics.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.348-364
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• 1998

The two objectives of this study were 1) to develop an efficacy expectation promoting program for the management of menopause based on the self-efficacy theory of Bandura(1977), and 2) to investigate the effects of the efficacy expectation promoting program for the management of menopause. The first phase was to development an efficacy expectation promoting program through video tape. A telephone coaching program served as a follow-up to the efficacy expectation promoting program which provided encouragement and support to the subjects. The second phase was the experimental stage. This experimentation was conducted to determine whether an efficacy expectation promoting program based on theory of Bandura would increase the self-efficacy and the management of menopause. Results : The video which we developed consisted of 2 parts. Part one discussed the symptoms and the management of menopause. Part two reflected the vicarious step-by-step success of middle-aged women's menopause management. The telephone coaching program served as a follow up to the efficacy expectation promoting program and provided encouragement and support to the subjects. The total length of the video is 50 minutes. The hypotheses stated in phase two were supported by following results : In the two experimental groups consisting of the natural and artificial menopause groups both demonstrated significant increase in their general and concrete self-efficacy scores. In the experimental groups, both the objective and subjective menopause management scores increased n the natural and artificial menopause experimental groups. In conclusion, it was found that an efficacy expectation promoting program was an effective nursing intervention for increasing self-efficacy and management of menopause.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.395-403
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• 2021

Objectives: Previous studies have shown that participation in social activities (SA) can prevent cognitive decline (CD) and that living arrangements (LA) can affect cognitive function. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SA and LA on CD, as well as their interactions, using longitudinal data. Methods: Data were used from the 2006-2018 Korean Longitudinal Study for Aging, which followed 10 254 adults older than 45 years over a 12-year period. CD was defined as a ≥4-point score decrease in the Mini-Mental Status Exam over 2 years. We developed an extended Cox proportional hazards model for time-dependent covariates to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of CD in 4 groups: (1) socially active and living with others, (2) socially active and living alone, (3) socially inactive and living with others (SILO), and (4) socially inactive and living alone (SILA). The model was stratified by gender and adjusted for important confounders. Results: The HR of CD was significantly higher in the SILO group in men (HR,1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 1.78) and in the SILA group in women (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.75). However, the interaction term for gender was not significant. Conclusions: Among socially inactive elderly adults, the HR of CD was elevated in men who lived with others and in women who lived alone, although the interaction term for gender was not significant. Socially inactive men who live with others and socially inactive women who live alone are particularly encouraged to participate in SA to prevent CD.

• 한국노년학
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.359-377
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 문화지원 측면의 노인복지에 속하는 노인연극 프로그램의 한 사례를 분석하여 노인연극의 지향점을 고찰하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 충남 당진시 할머니들로 구성된 '회춘유랑단'의 활동 사례를 조사하고, 그 공연 내용을 분석하였다. 연구 방법은 사례 연구와 연행 이론을 사용하였으며, 동료 검토법(peer examination)의 전략을 사용하여 연구의 타당도를 높였다. 연구 결과, 노인연극 프로그램을 통해 할머니들은 첫째, 어린이와 청소년들과의 소통을 지향했고, 둘째, 몸이 불편한 다른 노인들과 소통하기를 원했으며, 셋째, 청년이나 중년은 물론 모든 주민과 소통하길 바랐고, 넷째, 연극이라는 새로운 장르를 체험하여 자신의 정체성을 확인하고 성취감을 높이면서 노년을 즐겁고 유익하게 보냈다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이런 연구 결과를 바탕으로 아래와 같은 제언을 하였다. 첫째, '회춘유랑단'을 밴치마킹한 노인연극 프로그램을 확대해야 한다. 둘째, 노인연극에 관한 다양한 사례를 연구하고, 이런 노인연극을 지원하는 정책 연구도 필요하며, 노인연극 전문가를 양성하는 교육 과정도 개발해야 한다. 셋째, 노인연극 프로그램이 지역적인 한계를 벗어나 국내와 국외의 단체들과 교류하는 방안도 모색해야 한다. 넷째, 연극치료 분야에서도 새로운 길을 모색할 여지가 있고, 소시오드라마나 사이코드라마 프로그램 개발이 대안이 될 수 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1195-1206
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyze womens' health problems using Green & Kreuter's 1991 PRECEDE model and to develop a model for a womens' health care center located in the community. The subjects were recruited from Wonju City. 1. The results showed that 23% of the sample population felt there was a need for a womens' health care center. The mean number of health problems was 3.1. The prevalence rate, was 44.4%, and the rate for an artificial abortion, was 36.4%. Also 30.5% did not have a health examination in the past year. Women using the hospital for medical care accounted for 45% of the sample, while 40% used the drugstore. The average score on the HPLP was 2.41, and this was influenced by self-efficacy, family support, sexual role, and health locus of control. There are a few educational programs in the city provided by the Wonju Health Center and by community health nurse practitioners. 2. The nursing center, as defined in North America, is a nurse-anchored system of primary health care delivery or neighborhood health center. Centers offer various services ranging from primary care to the more traditional such as education, health promotion, wellness screening, and coordination of services by advanced practice nurses. For examples in Sweden MCH centers provide total services for childbearing women and their families, sexual counseling and education for adolescents, and screening by midwives for cervical cancer. 3. The developed model combines purpose, target population, organization, and services, and is related to health resources. The purpose is primary health care and promotion of the quality of life. The target population can be grouped according to the life cycle, (premarriaged age group, the childbearing/child rearing age group, and middle aged and elderly women) and focuses on self-help. The organization of the center includes an advisory committee to plan and evaluate, and a health services team that will be multidisciplinary to provide health care, counseling education, and research. The model development suggested that a variety of women's health care centers are needed to insure adequate management of women's health. Follow-up research using PROCEED is needed to analyze health outcomes. Also a health nursing specialist system is required to develop health promotion, and improve the quality of life of women.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.527-536
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• 2014

본 연구는 중년 성인을 대상으로 식사 패턴을 파악하고, 식사 패턴에 따른 영양소 섭취실태와 대사증후군 위험요인의 관련성을 분석하고자 하였으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 식품군별 평균 섭취량을 이용한 요인분석을 통해 육류, 주류, 난류, 유지류 등의 섭취가 두드러진 '육류와 술', 주식으로 잡곡류를 섭취하고 과일과 채소 등을 섭취하는 '잡곡과 채소 및 과일', 주식으로 백미를 위주로 하고 김치와 어패류를 섭취하는 '백미와 김치 및 어패류' 패턴이 분리되었다. 2) '육류와 술' 패턴의 요인점수가 높아질수록 신장, 체중, 허리둘레, 체질량지수가 증가하였고, 연령은 낮아지는 경향을 나타낸 반면 '잡곡과 채소 및 과일' 패턴은 반대의 경향을 나타내었다. '육류와 술' 패턴의 경우 남자, '잡곡과 채소 및 과일' 패턴의 경우 여자의 비율이 높았고, '백미와 김치 및 어패류' 패턴의 경우 교육수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 3) 식사 요인점수의 사분위에 따른 영양소 섭취량은 '육류와 술' 패턴의 식사를 할수록 에너지, 단백질, 나트륨의 섭취가 증가하였고, '잡곡과 채소 및 과일' 패턴의 식사를 할수록 탄수화물, 칼륨, 칼슘과 식이섬유의 섭취가 증가하였으며, '백미와 김치 및 어패류' 패턴의 식사를 할수록 에너지와 지질의 섭취가 증가하였고, 탄수화물, 칼륨과 식이섬유의 섭취가 감소하였다. 4) 식사 패턴과 영양소 섭취와의 상관관계에서 '육류와 술' 패턴의 경우 보정 후 단백질과 나트륨의 섭취가 양의 상관관계였으나, 탄수화물, 식이섬유, 칼슘, 칼륨 등의 섭취는 음의 상관관계였고, '잡곡과 채소 및 과일' 패턴의 경우 단백질, 지질, 나트륨과 티아민을 제외한 모든 영양소와 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 또한 '백미와 김치 및 어패류' 패턴과 지질의 섭취는 양의 상관관계였고, 탄수화물, 식이섬유, 칼륨 등의 무기질과 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 5) 식사 요인점수의 사분위에 따른 대사증후군의 위험도는 '육류와 술' 패턴의 식사를 할수록 복부비만과 대사증후군에 대한 위험도가 높아졌고, '잡곡과 채소 및 과일' 패턴의 식사를 할수록 고중성지방혈증에 대한 위험도가 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 식사 패턴과 대사증후군 위험요인간에 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타나 육류와 술의 섭취를 줄이고, 잡곡을 위주로 채소와 과일 등을 추가한 균형 잡힌 건강식을 섭취하는 것이 대사증후군의 예방 및 관리를 위해 권장될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2012

목적: 한국인을 대상으로 장년층과 노년층에서 남녀 각각 백내장 발병의 관련 요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 40-95세까지 총 5,024명 (남자 2,163명, 여자 2,861명)을 대상으로 하였고, 남녀각각 연령에 따라 두 그룹으로 분류하였다(그룹 1: 40-64세, 그룹 2: 65-94세). 백내장은 적어도 한 눈에 수정체의 혼탁이 발견된 경우로 정의하였다. 남녀 각각 두 연령 그룹에서 당뇨, 고혈압, 고중성지방혈증, 실외 활동, 흡연과 음주 습관을 보정한 후에 비만과 사회경제적 요인으로 가구 소득수준과 최종학력을 기준으로 교육수준이 백내장의 발병에 영향을 미치는지 비차비 값을 구하였다. 결과: 소득수준과 교육수준은 남녀 모든 연령 그룹에서 백내장 발병과 강한 관련이 있었다. 모든 다른 요인들을 보정한 후에 최종 다중분석 모델에서 남자의 경우는 저 소득(그룹 1:OR, 1.84[1.17-2.91], 그룹 2: 3.47[2.53-4.74]), 저 학력(그룹 1: OR, 3.00[1.90-4.74], 그룹 2: 7.44[5.41-10.23])과 실외 활동시간(그룹 2: OR, 1.26[1.06-1.49]이 백내장의 발병 위험을 높였다. 여자의 경우에는 저 소득(그룹 1: OR,1.72[1.14-2.60], 그룹 2: 2.32[1.70-3.16]), 저 학력(그룹 1: OR, 4.48[2.72-7.38], 그룹 2: 29.99[20.31-44.28])과 비만(그룹 1: OR, 1.40[1.10-1.82], 그룹 2: 1.27[1.04-1.54])이 유의한 위험 요인이었다. 결론: 한국 성인 남녀에서 낮은 사회경제적 상태는 백내장의 위험 요인이었고, 특히 여성의 경우는 비만도 백내장과 관련이 있었다.