• Atmosphere
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.165-181
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• 2019

In this study, the regional climate model, RegCM4.0 (25 km), with the HadGEM2-AO data as boundary conditions, was used to simulate the mean climate changes in the mid and late 21st century for CORDEX Phase 2 East Asian region. 122 years (1979~2100) of simulation were performed, and RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 were used for the simulation of future climate. In the mid-21st century, the temperature is expected to increase by about 0.5 to $3.0^{\circ}C$ in all regions of East Asia, regardless of season and scenario. The increase in temperature is greater in summer and winter, especially in the northern part of simulation domain. Interannual variability (IAV) is expected to decrease by 25% in summer for RCP 8.5, while it is expected to increase by more than 30% in autumn for both scenarios. Regardless of the scenario, the precipitation in South Korea is expected to increase in late June but decrease in mid-July, with an increase in precipitation greater than $100mm\;day^{-1}$. In RCP 4.5 of the late 21st century, relatively uniform temperature increase ($1.0{\sim}2.5^{\circ}C$) is expected throughout the continent, while RCP 8.5 shows a very diverse increase ($3.0{\sim}6.0^{\circ}C$) depending on season and geographical location. In addition, the IAV of temperature is expected to decrease by more than 35% in both scenarios in the summer. In most of the Northwest Pacific region, precipitation is expected to decrease in all seasons except for the summer, but in South Korea, it is projected to increase by about 10% in all seasons except autumn.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.520-532
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• 2015

In order to understand the Holocene sea level changes in the eastern Yellow Sea, the west coast of Korea, and to compare the rates of sea level rise in each period of time, the geological proxy records for pre-instrumental era and measurement data for the present day were combined and analysed. The sea level in the Yellow Sea rose fast with a rate of about 10 mm/yr during the early Holocene, and decelerated down to 1 mm/yr since the mid to late Holocene. The rising rates of sea level in the 20th century were slightly higher than those in the late Holocene. The present-day rates of sea level rise, known as the 'rapid' rise, are in fact much lower or similar, compared to the early to mid Holocene sea levels in the study area. Recent tide-gauge data show that sea level rise in the eastern Yellow Sea has been accelerating toward the 21st century. These rising trends coincide well with global rising patterns in sea level. Additionally, the present-day rising trends of sea level in this study are correlated with increased rates of carbon dioxide concentrations and sea surface temperatures, further indicating a signal to global warming associated with the human effect. Thus, the sea level changes induced by current global warming observed in the eastern Yellow Sea and world's oceans can be considered as 'Anthropocene' sea level changes. The changes in sea level are based on instrumental measurements such as tide-gauges and satellite altimetry, meaning the instrumental era. The Holocene changes in sea level can thus be reconstructed from geological proxy records, whereas the Anthropocene sea-level changes can be solely based on instrumental measurements.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.37
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• pp.61-94
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• 2018

This article examined that the historical changes and current significance of the Jaedam(재담) and the Xiangsheng(相聲), one of the traditional Korean and Chinese language games. Both Korean Jaedam and Chinese Xiangsheng are representative language games and traditional performing arts for laughing. The origin of the Jaedam can be traced back to Uheui(우희). Uheui has been called Changyouxi in China, Bae Woo-hee, and Jo Hee in Korea. Uheui is the most traditional language game and a variety of performances were derived from its spreading and inheriting process. Among them, Korean Jaedam and Chinese Xiangsheng can be said to be a piece of art that has successfully inherited Uheui tradition. From the late 18th century, Korean Jaedam were established as independent performance arts, and became highly active in many performance by professional joker Park Chun-jae and other performers. With the development of gramophone record in the early 20th century, the Jaedam was mainly made on the theater stage and radio. At this time, the new performance art of 'Mandam(만담)' was derived from the Jaedam, which focused more on satire current events and criticizing the social situation. Mandam has been popular for a long time and then extinct in the 21st century. The jaedam have been handed down only in the Korean traditional performance so far. Meanwhile, Chinese Xiangsheng, which was built in the mid-19th century, a bit later than Korean Jaedam, was initially considered to be a vulgar art of the lower class, but finally became popular in the early 20th century. In the mid-20th century, Xiangsheng was transformed into a new character, which mainly deals with social praise and edification of the masses. But since 'New Xiangsheng' does not focous on a satire on social conditions, the humor has been reduced. In the early 21st century, Xiangsheng was on the verge of extinction just like Mandam, but through the efforts of young actors to revive tradition, another reformation of this art was made to return to tradition and small theater. Currently, the 'traditional Xiangsheng', which has returned to tradition, is once again receiving the love and support of the Chinese audience. Korean Jaedam and Chinese Xiangsheng have many similarities in terms of history and recruitment, but they are now in different fates. There is also a great deal in common ground in terms of the content and form of the two arts. In the case of Xiangsheng, it is one of the traditional folk art forms which is still loved by the Chinese people and has become one of the most important traditional performances. On the other hand, in Korea, Jaedam as independent performance arts has disappeared and now only can be seen in traditional performances such as 'Korean mask theater'. The fact that Korean Jaedam and Chinese Xiangsheng have undergone similar changes in their spreading and inheriting process, while Korean Jaedam have disappeared and Chinese Xiangsheng is well preserved. The reason can be confirmed through the main idea of this article.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

The pink citrus rust mite, Aculops pelekassi (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyoidea), is an important pest in the citrus orchards of Jeju, Korea. This study was performed to investigate the seasonal population abundance of A. pelekassi, and the effects of humidity and citrus leaf age on the multiplication of this pest. Relative humidity (RH) significantly affected the longevity and fecundity of A. pelekassi. Longevity was 7.5, 14.5 and 14.6 d and fecundity was 5.4, 21.5, and 27.1 eggs at 33, 75 and 84% RH, respectively. The leaf age of citrus significantly affected the multiplication of A. pelekassi. The population abundance on 40 day-old leaves was much higher more than 3 times that on 10-day old leaves at 4 weeks after introduction. Overwintered A. pelekassi adults between the bud scales of the citrus trees became active in late April; they were found on newly emerged leaves, followed by their settlement on young fruits in mid-June. The population levels of A. pelekassi peaked on the leaves in late June to July, and on the fruits in early August. The results obtained in this study should be useful for the control of A. pelekassi in citrus orchards in Jeju.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of elevated temperatures on the growth and physiological responses of peach 'Mihong' (Prunus persica). We simulated three different temperature conditions in the sunlight phytotron rooms from April 25 to July 5, 2019; Control (average temperature in normal years in Jeonju city), +3.4℃ treatment (expecting temperature in mid-21st century), +5.7℃ treatment (expecting temperature in late 21st century). The shoot numbers and lengths were increased while the temperature was increased, but the leaf areas were not statistically different. The harvest dates were July 1, June 24 and 21 at the control, +3.4℃, and +5.7℃, respectively. The fruit weights were increased at +3.4℃ but decreased at +5.7℃ compared to the control. The tree yield was the highest in the +3.4℃ (2,898g), followed by the control (2,746g) and the +5.7℃ (2,404g). These are related to the result that the average of maximum photosynthesis rate at 3.4℃ (14.93μmol·CO₂·m^-2·s^-1) was higher than those at the control (13.79μmol·CO₂·m^-2·s^-1) and +5.7℃ (13.20μmol·CO₂·m^-2·s^-1) from mid-May to early June, the fruit growing season. Also, the stomatal densities were higher at the +3.4℃ (229ea/㎟), compared to the control (181ea/㎟). The rate of floral bud differentiation affecting the yield in the following year was the lowest at the +5.7℃. These results suggest that a temperature elevated to 3.4℃ in the future may give a positive effect on the yield and quality of peach 'Mihong' while a temperature elevated above 5.7℃ may affect negatively.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.312-319
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of elevated carbon dioxide on the growth and physiological responses of peach 'Mihong' (Prunus persica). We simulated three different carbon dioxide conditions based on climate change scenarios RCP 8.5 in the sunlight phytotron rooms from April 22 to July 6, 2020; 400 µmol·mol^-1(present condition), 700 µmol·mol^-1 treatment(expecting carbon dioxide concentrations in mid-21st century), 940 µmol·mol^-1 treatment (expecting carbon dioxide concentrations in late 21st century). The average of maximum photosynthesis rate at 700 µmol·mol^-1(16.06 µmol·CO₂·m^-2·s^-1) was higher than those at 400 µmol·mol^-1(14.45 µmol·CO₂·m^-2·s^-1) and 940 µmol·mol^-1(15.96 µmol·CO₂·m^-2·s^-1) from May 22 to July 2. However, stomatal conductances at 700 µmol·mol^-1 and 940 µmol·mol^-1 were lower than those at the control. Also, the carbon dioxide saturation point in all treatments was reduced from 1,200 µmol·mol^-1 in the early stage of growth to 600-800 µmol·mol^-1 in the late stage of growth. The stomatal densities were decreased as carbon dioxide increased. The shoot lengths were decreased while the carbon dioxide was increased, but the increase of trunk diameter and leaf areas, shoot numbers were not statistically different. The fruit weight at 700 µmol·mol^-1(152.5 g) was higher than those at the control(141.8 g) and 940 µmol·mol^-1(147.4 g). The soluble solids were higher at 700 µmol·mol^-1, 940 µmol·mol^-1 compared to the control. These results suggest that a carbon dioxide elevated to 700 µmol·mol^-1 in the future may give a positive effect on the yield and fruit quality of peach 'Mihong' while a carbon dioxide elevated above 940 µmol·mol^-1 may affect negatively such as early senescence and loss of fruit set.