• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.335-337
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• 1995

The effect of plant growth regulators on proliferation of shoot from stem node culture of Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc.) was studied using Quoirin and Lepoivre (1977) medium. Among the cytokinin tested, BAP, kinetin, and thidiazuron at various concentrations had no effect on shoot multiplication However when zeatin at 5$\times$10$^{-5}$ M was added to the medium, an average of 6 shoots were regenerated per explant after 8 weeks of culture. The ratio of rooting ex vitro was remarkably increased up to 34% by dipping the basal end in 0.5 to 1.0% IBA on talc compared with 3% in vitro rooting. Rooted plantlets were acclimated in greenhouse conditions for one month and successfully transplanted to the field.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2013

To establish in vitro nodal culture conditions of Echinosophora koreensis Nakai, one of rare and endangered species famous for beautiful flowers in the Korean Peninsula, the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on shooting and rooting from in vitro shoots was investigated. In shoot multiplication, addition of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) to the half-strength Driver and Kuniyuki's media in the range of 2.22 to 8.88 ${\mu}M $induced 2.5 to 2.7 shoots per axillary bud; and addition of 2.27 ${\mu}M $ thidiazuron (TDZ) produced 3.2 shoots, during 4 weeks of culture, while zeatin and isopentenyl adenine (2ip) were not effective on shoot multiplication as observed from several combination treatments of BA with other PGRs. Shoots established were smaller than 2 cm in length, in most of the treatments. while in BA 8.88 ${\mu}M $ treatment more than 30% of shoots were longer than 2 cm and shorter than 4 cm. In rooting, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) from 5.37 to 21.48 ${\mu}M $ showed the rooting rate from 40.0 to 62.5%. Indole butyric acid (IBA) addition had little effect on rooting (<10%), although some roots in IBA-containing media were longer than those in NAA. Micropropagation from axillary buds of nodular explants was applicable and promising to multiplication and conservation of Echinosophora koreensis Nakai.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2011

This study was conducted to establish the optimal condition for conservation of genetic resources and micropropagation of Lilium cernum. Induction of bulbet of L. cernum was highly effective (9.2 bulb/explant) on 1/2 SH (Schenk and Hildebrandt) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L TDZ (Thidiazuron) and 0.1 mg/L NAA (Naphthaleneacetic acid). The treatment of 0.1 mg/L NAA increased root development (6.4 root/explant) under the in vitro condition. In addition, treatments of AC (Activated Charcoal) and ventilation were enhanced to develop number of shoots and to elongate length of leaf, bulb and root. Futhermore, the process of short-term soil acclimatization was promoted to strengthen the plantlets induced under the in vitro condition.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2004

The medicinal value of the genus Cleome justifies bio-technological studies of Cleome rosea, a Brazilian annual species from sandy coastal ecosystems (restinga), which have been submitted to an intense process of antropogenic degradation. In the present work, was analyzed the influence of cytokinins, 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) added to the Murashige and Skoog medium (MS), on the proliferation capacity of explants from the stem axis (hypocotyl, node and internode) for a period of five monthly subcultures (150 days). Regardless of the explant sources, plantlet regeneration by direct and indirect organogenesis was observed. The largest number of shoots proliferated through direct organogenesis was obtained on medium with 4.4 $\mu{M}$ BA. Also, the highest proliferation capacity through indirect organogenesis was found on medium with 4.4 $\mu{M}$ BA + 4.6 $\mu{M}$ kinetin. The presence of kinetin alone was not effective for multiplication of the species. Elongation and rooting were obtained when shoots were transferred onto growth regulator-free medium, and acclimatization rates from 70% to 81% were achieved depending on explant sources used. Plants were then successfully established in soil and showed normal phenotypes.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.694-701
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• 2014

Allium hookeri L. (Alliaceae family) is an important ethnomedicinal plant native to the Himalayan region of Asia. The aim of this research was to establish a high-frequency plant regeneration system for in vitro propagation of A. hookeri. Among the tissue types examined, receptacle explants derived from immature flower buds showed the highest regeneration rate of shoots ($93.33{\pm}4.63%$), roots ($76.67{\pm}7.85%$), and calli ($80.00{\pm}7.43%$) when cultured on Gamborg B5 (B5) medium containing $10{\mu}M$ 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) + $1{\mu}M$ naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), $0.5{\mu}M$ BA + $5{\mu}M$ NAA, and $1{\mu}M$ BA + $10{\mu}M$ NAA, respectively. Shoot multiplication was superior when cultured in liquid rather than on solid medium and relatively high concentrations of BA, ranging from 5 to $10{\mu}M$. Efficient bulblet formation following root induction from shoot clumps was achieved with culture in liquid B5 medium containing 7% (w/v) sucrose. Regenerated bulblets were successfully acclimatized to ex vitro conditions with a greater than 95% survival rate. By this method, a maximum of 62 plantlets per receptacle could be propagated within 9 weeks of initial culture. The in vitro propagation system established in this study will promote A. hookeri biotechnology, including large-scale production of healthy and aseptic clones, preserving parental genotypes with desirable traits, and genetic manipulation to enhance medicinal value.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.133-136
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• 1999

Different kinds of cytokinins and auxins were tested for both shoot induction and rooting in a rare species, Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai. BA in WPM medium was the most effective in shoot induction, whereas zeatin seemed to be the most suitable for shoot elongation. Kinetin, at the concentration of 2.0~5.0 mg/L showed an effect in shoot induction, but the effect was inferior to BA and zeatin. Rapid shoot elongation could be achieved when the cultures were maintained on the diffuse light condition (below 500 lux) regardless of cytokinin treatments. For in vitro rooting, IBA was investigated as the best type of auxin tested when half strength GD medium was incorporated. The frequency of rooting using the plant growth regulator and medium just mentioned above was revealed as approximately 90%. In addition, the survival rate of rooted plantlets was almost 100% in an artificial soil mixture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11
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• pp.40-47
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• 1998

When the leaves, roots and stem segments of seedling of Polygonatum odoratum were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with 2.0mg/l BAP, stem segments were the most efficient explants for adventitious shoot inductino. To observe the efficient combination of growth regulators on the adventitious shoot formation , stem segments were cultured on MS medium with various kinds of cytokinins (BAP, kinetin, zeatin). From this experiment, cytokinin treatement was prerequisite for theadventitious shoot formatino,especially BAP was the most effective. Auxin (NAA or IBA) in combination with cyotokinin highly enhanced the adventitious shoot formation. Twenty five percents of explants produced the adventitious shoots on medium with 2.0mg/l BAP solely, while 83% of explants produced the adventitious shoots on medium with 2.0mg/l BAP and 0.1mg/l IBA. Root formationform adventitious shoot was promoted after transfer to 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.1mg/l IBA and 0.5mg/l zeatin, thereafter the plantlets with shoots and roots were cultured on 1/2MS medium lacking growth regulators. When the stem segments were cultured to MS medium with 1.0mg/l 2,4 NAA and IBA , yellow and nodulous cali were formed from the stem segments which were developed into adventitious roots. These roots were actively grew after transferred to MS liquid medium lacking growth regulators.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.311-322
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• 2016

Since forest trees form the basis of forest ecosystem, their prolong subsistence is crucial for various flora and fauna. The foremost challenges to sustain the forest ecosystem comprise of the declining forest tree population accompanied with structural changes due to afforestation and exploitation of forest area, environment changes, pests, pollution, and introgressive hybridization. For ex situ conservation approach, in vitro techniques encompass basic role for conserving tree genetic resources, predominantly where natural propagules like recalcitrant seed might not be appropriate for long-term conservation. The practice includes restricted growth techniques, conventional micropropagation, production and storage of synthetic seeds, and cryopreservation. Even though these practices have been applied chiefly to herbaceous species, but recently, woody species were also focused upon. Key conceptions, challenges and techniques for forest tree seed conservation are discussed briefly in this review with special emphasis on some successful cryopreservation approaches for long-term storage.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 2003

The leaf segments of garlic (Allium sativum L.) were cultured in vitro and determined optimal concentration of plant growth regulators and sugars for callus induction, multiple shoots regeneration and in vitro bulblet formation. Highest yield of callus was observed in the leaf segment culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 30 g/L sucrose and 8 g/L agar. Regeneration rate of multiple shoots from callus was high in the MS medium supplemented with kinetin 3.0 + NAA 3.0 mg/L or SA 1.0 + NAA 3.0 mg/L, containing 30 g/L sucrose. High rate of bulblet formation was observed as the concentration of jasmonic acid increased from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/L in medium, whereas addition of gibberellic acid significantly suppressed bulblet formation. The rate of in vitro bulbing was as high as $96\%$ in MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L jasmonic acid and 120 g/l sucrose after two month culture at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ under 16 hours day light.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2020

Ex-situ conservation of the ornamental and medicinal orchid, Coelogyne stricta, was performed by mass propagation using seed culture. Propagation stages were optimized using full- and half-strength solidified MS medium with different phytohormones. Maximum seed germination (88 ± 0.5% over 6 weeks of culture) was achieved on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 15% coconut water. Maximum shoot numbers were found on full-strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BAP, 2 mg/L Kinetin, and 10% coconut water, while the longest root was developed on full-strength MS medium with 1.5 mg/L IBA. A 2:1:1 combination of coco-peat, pine bark, and sphagnum moss was found to be a suitable potting mixture resulting in 80% seedling survivability. The cytotoxic activity of extracts of both wild plants and in vitro-developed protocorms was determined using an MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on a cervical cancer cell line. The wild plant extract inhibited the growth of 41.99% of cells, showing that this extract has moderate cytotoxic activity toward cervical cancer cells.