• Advances in nano research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.175-186
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• 2024

Dynamical behaviors of one-dimensional (1D) nano-sized structures are of great importance in nanotechnology applications. Therefore, the torsional dynamic response of functionally graded nanorods which could be used to model the nano electromechanical systems or micro electromechanical systems with torsional motion about the center of twist is examined based on the theory of strain gradient nonlocal elasticity in this work. The mathematical background is constructed based on both strain gradient theory and Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory. The equation of motions and boundary conditions of radially functionally graded nanorods are derived using Hamilton's principle and then transformed into the eigenvalue analysis by using Fourier sine series. A general coefficient matrix is obtained to assemble the Stokes' transformation. The case of a restrained functionally graded nanorod embedded in two elastic springs against torsional rotation is then deeply investigated. The effect of changing the functionally graded index, the stiffness of elastic boundary conditions, the length scale parameter and nonlocal parameter are investigated in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.29-33
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• 2010

UV laser micromachining of metallic materials has been used in microelectronic and other industries. This paper shows on experimental investigation of micromachining of copper using a 355nm UV laser with 50ns pulse duration. A finite element model with high strain rate effect is especially suggested to investigate the phenomena which are only dominated by mechanically pressure impact in disregard of thermally heat transfer. In order to consider the strain rate effect, Cowper-Symonds model was used. To analyze the dynamic deformation during a very short processing time, which is nearly about several tens nanoseconds, a commercial Finite Element Analysis (FEA) code, LS-DYNA 3D, was employed for the computational simulation of the UV laser micro machining behavior for thin copper material. From these computational results, depth of the dent (from one to six pulsed) were observed and compared with previous experimental results. This will help us to understand interaction between UV laser beam and material.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.133-146
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• 2007

This paper addresses a new type of broad and stage-based hybrid carbon fiber reinforced polymer (HCFRP) sensor that is suitable for the sensing of infrastructures. The HCFRP sensors, a type of composite sensor, are fabricated with three types of carbon tows of different strength and moduli. For all of the specimens, the active materials are carbon tows by virtue of their electrical conductivity and piezoresistivity. The measurement principles are based on the micro- and macro-fractures of different types of carbon tows. A series of experiments are carried out to investigate the sensing performances of the HCFRP sensors. The main variables include the stack order and volume fractions of different types of carbon tows. It is shown that the change in electrical resistance is in direct proportion to the strain/load in low strain ranges. However, the fractional change in electrical resistance (${\Delta}R/R_0$) is smaller than 2% prior to the macrofractures of carbon tows. In order to improve the resistance changes, measures are taken that can enhance the values of ${\Delta}R/R_0$ by more than 2 times during low strain ranges. In high strain ranges, the electrical resistance changes markedly with strain/load in a step-wise manner due to the gradual ruptures of different types of carbon tows at different strain amplitudes. The values of ${\Delta}R/R_0$ due to the fracture of high modulus carbon tows are larger than 36%. Thus, it is demonstrated that the HCFRP sensors have a broad and stage-based sensing capability.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.583-589
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• 2016

In this study, recrystallization behaviors in the two-phase (${\alpha}+{\gamma}$) region of micro-alloyed steels such as Base, Nb, TiNbV and CAlN were investigated in terms of flow stress, microstructure and associated grain boundary characteristics. The flow stress of all specimens reached peak stress and gradually decreased, which means that recrystallization or recovery of proeutectoid deformed ferrite and recovery or transformation to ferrite of deformed austenite occurred by thermal activation. The precipitation of carbide or nitride via the addition of micro-alloying elements, because it reduced prior austenite grain size upon austenitization, promoted transformation of austenite to ferrite and increased flow stress. The strain-induced precipitation under deformation in the two-phase region, on the other hand, increased the flow stress when the micro-alloying elements were dissolved during austenitization. The recrystallization of the Nb specimen was more effectively retarded than that of the TiNbV specimen during deformation in the two-phase region.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.291-296
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• 2007

We measured potential waveform of load, displacement, micro electric signal generated by rock and mortar fracture using PXI A/D Converter. The rock type used for measurement was used granite, limestone and sandstone, and mortar specimen. we made measuring equipment of physical properties to confirm basic information of physical properties, measured physical properties of rock engineering, electric resistivity and seismic velocity. Potential waveform system was built using PXI A/D Converter and measured potential waveform of load, displacement, micro-electric signal generated using this during uniaxial compressive test by the specimen finished such test of physical properties. Using the saturated rock and mortar specimen, micro electric signal increased, and It didn't increase a signal in dried rock and mortar specimen according as load and strain rate increases. But signal also increased in saturated or dried specimen in case of sandstone. It was possible to check the close correlation relationship the signal and fracture behavior by a compressive load as the signal of fracture position was increased bigger than the other position. It was also possible to check the correlation relationship between physical properties and micro geo-electric signal.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 2007

MicroTom is a miniature tomato plants with various properties that make it as a model system for experiments in plant molecular biology. To extend its utility as a model plant to study a plant - bacterial wilt system, we investigated the potential of the MicroTom as a host plant of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. We compared the disease progress on standard tomato and MicroTom by two inoculation methods, root dipping and soil drenching, using a race 1 strain GMI1000. Both methods caused the severe wilting on MicroTom comparable to commercial tomato plant, although initial disease development was faster in root dipping. From the diseased MicroTom plants, the same bacteria were successfully reisolated using semiselective media to fulfill Koch's postulates. Race specific and isolate specific virulence were investigated by root dipping with 10 isolates of R. solanacearum isolated from tomato and potato plants. All of the tested isolates caused the typical wilt symptom on MicroTom. Disease severities by isolates of race 3 was below 50 % until 15 days after inoculation, while those by isolates of race 1 reached over 50% to death until 15 days. This result suggested that MicroTom can be a model host plant to study R. solanacearum - plant interaction.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.1631-1634
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• 1997

Since surgery is usually a difficult task because of physiological tremor, eye strain, and tremor, contagious and radioactive hazard, it is necessary to develop micro-surgery telerobotic system using improved tools suitable for their specific tasks. Nowadays the growth of interest on microsurgery and medical applications of robotics has been so rapid. But the medical robots are only practical applications of the industrial robots. This paper identifies five general areas of advanced microsurgery based on the current technological background and expertise, and analyzes the motion, tool and accuracy with respect to microsurgery task, and proposed the criteria to evaluate micro-surgical manipulator. The analysis of microusrgery can be heplful to clarify some basic concept and design of micro-surgical manipulators. With these data we will alos propose an efficient in-parallel-platform manipulator having special kinematic structrue structure suitable for microsurgery.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.30 no.7 s.250
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• pp.849-856
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• 2006

In this paper, fabric composite draping on hemisphere moulds were studied to find out the deformation behaviour of micro-tow structures of fabrics during draping and thermoforming. Aluminium and PVC foams were used to fabricate the hemisphere moulds for draping tests. In order to observe the local tow deformation pattern during the draping several specimens for microscopic observation were sectioned from the draped hemisphere structures. The effect of forming condition and mould properties on tow deformation was investigated by the microscopic observation of the tow parameters such as crimp angle. Normalization scheme was performed to compare tow parameter variations with different forming conditions. Stress-strain .elations of two different PVC foams (HT70 and HT110) were tested to investigate the effect of foam property on the micro-tow deformation during forming.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2007

This paper is concentrated on the behaviors of five different types of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) in uniaxial tension and flexural impact. The complete stress-strain responses in tension were acquired through a systematic experimental program. It was found that the tensile peak strains of concrete with micro polyethylene (PEF) fiber are about 18-31% higher than that of matrix concrete, those for composite with macro polypropylene fiber is 40-83% higher than that of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). The fracture energy of composites with micro-fiber is 23-67% higher than that of matrix concrete; this for macro polypropylene fiber and steel fiber FRCs are about 150-210% and 270-320% larger than that of plain concrete respectively. Micro-fiber is more effective than macro-fiber for initial crack impact resistance; however, the failure impact resistance of macro-fiber is significantly larger than that of microfiber, especially macro-polypropylene-fiber.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2017

In this study, free vibration of functionally graded (FG) micro/nanobeams based on nonlocal third-order shear deformation theory and under different boundary conditions is investigated by applying the differential quadrature method. Third-order shear deformation theory can consider the both small-scale effects and quadratic variation of shear strain and hence shear stress along the FG nanobeam thickness. The governing equations are obtained by using the Hamilton's principle, based on third-order shear deformation beam theory. The differential quadrature (DQ) method is used to discretize the model and attain the natural frequencies and mode shapes. The properties of FG micro/nanobeam are assumed to be chanfged along the thickness direction based on the simple power law distribution. The effects of various parameters such as the nonlocal parameter, gradient index, boundary conditions and mode number on the vibration characteristics of FG micro/nanobeams are discussed in detail.