• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

It is important to secure green spaces to solve the urban heat island phenomenon, which is among problems resulted by high-density developments in metropolitan areas. However, it is hard to secure such green spaces in established urban areas so Green Rooftop development approaches have recently been highlighted and introduced as a solution to the situation. The present study conducts a simulation on residential areas in urbanized regions to quantitatively evaluate the effects of green rooftop developments through a comparison of changes in the air temperatures before and after relevant development projects. According to the evaluation results, when the green roof top development is conducted in the available areas, the temperature is reduced by 0.14 degree. The extension of green project to the entire building showed the reduction of the temperature by 0.29 degree. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the green rooftop development is a practically solution for reducing the air temperature of urbanized areas.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.27-32
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• 2013

In this paper, technologies applied to design urination detection device on diaper that issues an alarm signal to guardian within 10~20m are introduced. It features power saving that uses both low power bluetooth v4.0 chip and low-power program scheme that makes sensor and mirco-controller to be sleep mode while data is not receiving from sensor. Urination detection algorithm that utilizes the difference between previous sensing data and current values is used to improve the degree of the detection precision level. The device designed with the suggested technologies shows the performance that is 100ml of the minimum urine amount for detection, more than 90% of urination detection degree, and 100% of wireless communication success rate.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.271-289
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• 2013

In this research, a developed microstructural model of cement particles was presented to describe the cement hydration procedure. To simplify the hydration process, the whole hydration was analyzed in a series of sub-steps. In each step, the hydration degree, as well as the microstructural size of the hydration cell, was calculated as a function of the radius of the unreacted cement particles. With the consideration of the water consumption and the reduction of the interfacial area between water and hydration products, the micro-level expressions of the cement hydration kinetics were established. Then the heat released and temperature history of the concrete was carried out with the hydration degree obtained from each sub-steps. The equivalent age method based on the Arrhenius law was introduced in this research. Based on the equivalent age method, a maturity model was applied to describe the evolution of the mechanical properties of the material during the hydration process. The finite element program ANSYS was used to analyze the temperature field in concrete structures. Then thermal stress field was calculated using the elasticity modulus obtained from code formulate. And the risk of thermal cracking was estimated by the comparison of thermal stress and concrete tensile strength.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.15-26
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• 2018

It is difficult to check the exact building energy consumption reduction such as when green remodeling of buildings, because it is due to outdoor air temperature over the years. And in Korea although Big Data of building energy consumption is collected and managed through "The Information System of the Building Energy and Greenhouse Gases" it is underutilized because of non calibration of outdoor air temperature change. Therefore, this study aims to develope calibration method of building energy consumption by outdoor air temperature according to micro climates, and building use types. As a result of analysis, Regression equations of Building energy consumption and $HDD_m/CDD_m$ are derived and calibration method is developed by Regression coefficient.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2009

The method to generate a digital elevation model(DEM) from contour lines causes a problem in which the low relief landform cannot be clearly presented due to the fact that it is significantly influenced by the expression of micro landform elements according to the interval of contours. Thus, this study attempts to develop a landcover burning method that recovers the micro relief landform of the DEM, which applies buffering and map algebra methods by inputting the elevation information to the landcover. In the recovering process of the micro landform, the DEM was recovered using the buffering method and elevation information through the map algebra for the landcover element for the micro landform among the primary DEM generation, making landcover map, and landcover elements. The recovering of the micro landform was applied based on stream landforms. The recovering of landforms using the buffering method was performed for the bar, which is a polygonal element, and wetland according to the properties of concave/convex through generating contours with a uniform interval in which the elevation information applied to the recovered landform. In the case of the linear elements, such as bank, road, waterway, and tributary, the landform can be recovered by using the elevation information through applying a map algebra function. Because the polygonal elements, such as stream channel, river terrace, and artificial objects (farmlands) are determined as a flat property, these are recovered by inputting constant elevation values. The results of this study were compared and analyzed for the degree of landform expression between the original DEM and the recovered DEM. In the results of the analysis, the DEM produced by using the conventional method showed few expressions in micro landform elements. The method developed in this study well described wetland, bar, landform around rivers, farmland, bank, river terrace, and artificial objects. It can be expected that the results of this study contribute to the classification and analysis of micro landforms, plain and the ecology and environment study that requires the recovering of micro landforms around streams and rivers.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.431-454
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• 2022

This study examined data science degree programs and courses offered by universities, and those offered by the Library and Information Science (LIS) degree programs, to understand its implications for the LIS programs in Korea. This research assessed the status of data science degrees from 439 schools using the list released by the Korea Educational Development Institute in 2022. To be specific, this study analyzed universities, colleges, majors, sub-majors, interdisciplinary majors, convergence majors, micro-degrees, nanodegrees, tracks, modules, and industry-university cooperative programs within the data science field. This research examined 1,148 courses offered by data science degree programs and 1,325 courses offered by LIS degree programs. Data science degrees in Korea offer courses such as introductory, technical, practical, applied, and in-depth subjects related to data science. Although the LIS programs in Korea do not always offer data science, the courses included topics such as the introduction to data science, database, data visualization, data curation, metadata, big data, and information technology, when courses were offered. The researchers hope the findings of this study will be useful as a starting point for the development and revisions of LIS curriculum on data science in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.671-680
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• 2016

This research suggested a new real-time traffic signal control algorithm using fusion data of the travel time and the occupancy rate. This research applied the travel time data of traffic information system to traffic signal operation, and developed the signal control process using the degree of saturation that was estimated from the travel time data. This algorithm estimates a queue length from the travel time based on a deterministic delay model, and includes the process to change from the queue length to the degree of saturation. In addition, this model can calculate the traffic signal timings using fusion data of the travel time and the occupancy rate based on the saturation degree. The micro simulation analysis was conducted for effectiveness evaluation. We checked that the average delay decreased by up to 27 percent. In addition, we checked that this signal control algorithm could respond to a traffic condition of oversaturation and detector breakdown effectively and usefully. This research has important contribution to apply the traffic information system to traffic signal operation sectors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 1985

In order to improve dyeing and finishing technology of thin cloth of microfiber(super-fine fiber), the degrees of deep dyeing method, the light fastness, and the washing fastness were investiagted. 1. The thin cloth made of microfiber, $0.15^d\~0.2^d$, was conjugated type and the dyeing degree was lower at 5 to $10\%$ than that of cloth made of common fiber. The cloth of excellent dyeing fastness, light fastness, was developed by increasing the concentration of dye of high quality up to $5\~10\%$. 2. Because refractory rate of microfiber of $0.2^d$ was lower than that of $0.01^d$, the surface refractory rate of $0.2^d$ was lower than that of $0.01^d$ fiber. Therefore the surface of micro-fiber, $0.2^d$, was more rougher than that of $0.01^d$ and it belongs to separate type. 3. The higher degree of dyeing was increased by using dye of microparticle. Also the degree of textile printing was increased by adding urea solution ($20\%$) and glycerine diethylene glycol. 4. Light fastness was very excellent, marked 5 grade. However, washing fastness was 2$\~$3 grade. After dyeing, we could improve to 4 grade, through hot water washing including some organic chlorine solvent. 5. Super microfiber of $0.01^d$ will not be dyed by present dye and dyeing equipment, because right reflection light rate(white light) of fiber surface was too high and the more refraction rate higher the more surface refraction rate will be increased.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2007

Purpose: Metastatic thyroid cancers with I-131 uptake have been known to show no increase of FDG uptake whereas those without I-131 uptake tend to demonstrate increased uptake on PET. In this study, we evaluated the degree of FDG uptake in primary thyroid cancers of papillary histology before surgery. Material & Methods: Forty FDG PET studies were performed on the patients who had papillary cancer proven by fine needle aspiration. The degree of FDG uptake was visually categorized as positive or negative (positive if the tumor showed discernible FDG; negative if the tumor didn't) and the peak standard uptake value (peak SUV) of the papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) were compared with the size of PTC. Results: The mean size of 26 PTC with positive FDG uptake was $1.9{\pm}1.4\;cm(0.5{\sim}5\;cm)$. In 13 PTC with negative FDG uptake, the mean size of those was $0.5{\pm}0.2\;cm\;(0.2{\sim}0.9\;cm)$. All PTC larger than 1cm ($2.5{\pm}1.4\;cm,\;1{\sim}5\;cm$) have positive FDG uptake (peak $SUV=6.4{\pm}5.7,\;1.7{\sim}22.7$). Among the micropapillary thyroid cancer (microPTC; PTC smaller than 1cm), 8 microPTC show positive FDG uptake(peak $SUV=2.9{\pm}1.3,\;1.7{\sim}5.5$), while 13 microPTC show negative finding(peak $SUV=1.3{\pm}0.2,\;1.1{\sim}1.7$). The size of microPTC with positive FDG uptake is significantly larger than that of microPTC with negative FDG uptake ($0.7{\pm}0.1\;cm$ vs $0.4{\pm}0.2\;cm$, p=0.01). Conclusion: All PTCs larger than 1cm show positive FDG uptake in our study. In other words, thyroid lesions larger than 1cm with negative FDG uptake are unlikely to be PTC. So far, only poorly differentiated thyroid cancers are known to show increased FDG uptake. Our results seem to be contradictory to what is known in the literature. Further study is needed to understand better the significance of increased FDG uptake in PTC in relation to expression of NIS and GLUT.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.93-98
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• 2023

In this paper, an artificial neural network based on simulated annealing was constructed. The mapping relationship between the parameters of micro-scaled flow channels electrochemical machining and the channel shape was established by training the samples. The depth and width of micro-scaled flow channels electrochemical machining on stainless steel surface were predicted, and the flow channels experiment was carried out with pulse power supply in NaNO3 solution to verify the established network model. The results show that the depth and width of the channel predicted by the simulated annealing artificial neural network with "4-7-2" structure are very close to the experimental values, and the error is less than 5.3%. The predicted and experimental data show that the etching degree in the process of channels electrochemical machining is closely related to voltage and current density. When the voltage is less than 5V, a "small island" is formed in the channel; When the voltage is greater than 40V, the lateral etching of the channel is relatively large, and the "dam" between the channels disappears. When the voltage is 25V, the machining morphology of the channel is the best.