• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.2 no.1 s.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of massage therapy and exercise therapy on body composition and blood cholesterol in the obese women. Sixteen college women were randomly assigned to aged $20.1{\pm}2.7$ years who had not exercised regurlarly, volunteered to participate in the present study as subjects. They completed a 12 weeks massage therapy and exercise therapy performed 3 times/week, for 60min/session. Massage put in exercise treatment effect of 12 weeks in BMI has shown a significant decrease those are before test $25.1{\pm}2.2$ to after test $23.7{\pm}3.2$(p<0.05). The waist measure/height has a difference by before test r=0.5 to after a test r=0.47, and waist measure/hips measure by before test r=0.8 to after test r=0.75. A total cholesterol(TC) average value has $187.6{\pm}36.9$ before test to $168{\pm}32.4$(p<0.05) after test, a significant difference. Also average value of LDLC has $114{\pm}33.8$ before test to $99.2{\pm}30.4$(p<0.05) that shows a difference, but HDLC was $52{\pm}7.5$ before test to $52.3{\pm}7.7$(p<0.05) after test which means a none difference. HDLC does not have any difference but total cholesterol and LDLC were significantly different. It was a short program of 3 times a week, 60 min/session but, a dance meditation exercise program with high strength self massage had given a big effect in consideration. Using these scientific studies data, wish a program related by obese could make an activation in a beauty part.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.35-46
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of depression cognition and health promoting behaviors of smoking and non-smoking college students. Methods: The research design was a descriptive survey study, and 379 college students were selected by convenience sampling. Measurements were Fagerstrom test for Nicotine Dependence, Depressive cognition and Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile-II. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: 1) Smoking students showed lower scores in depressive cognitions than non-smoking students, which means that the smoker's depression was higher than the non-smokers. 2) Depressive cognition and health promoting behaviors were negatively correlated for the smokers (r=-.30, p<.01), while they were positively correlated for the non-smokers (r=.45, p<.001). 3) The variables predicting the smoker's health promoting behavior were physical activity (OR .24), health responsibility (OR .25), spiritual growth (OR 5.10), stress management (OR 4.41), extrovert personality (OR .25), and depressive cognition (OR 1.81). Conclusions: Depression and health promoting behavior should be considered in the smoking cessation programs for college students.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate growth response of Chamecereus silvestrii 'Hee-Mang' in accordance to day and night temperature in winter season. The plant height was maximized at $20/15^{\circ}C$ (day/night). Globe height and diameter were the highest in the day temperature of $25^{\circ}C$. Globe diameter was relevant high by increasing day temperature. Hunter 'a' value is significantly lower by decreasing of night temperature whereas 'b' value is higher. Characteristic of de-rooted grafting cactus was continually decreased until 15 days, then started growth again.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 2007

The left main descending artery (LMDA) of left coronary artery (LCA) in rats runs around the left side of conus arteriosus after arising from the aortic sinus and descends to the apex of heart with branching several branches into the wall of left ventricle (LV). The ligation site of LMDA for myocardial infarction (MI) is the 2~4 mm from LCA origin, between the pulmonary trunk and left auricle. The characteristics that rat heart has no interventricular groove on the surface and its coronary arteries run intramyocardially with branching several branches give the difficulty in surgery for MI which resulted in expected size. This study was aimed to elucidate the branching patterns of the left coronary artery for analysis of MI size and for giving the basic data to producing small MI intentionally in 2 male species that are widely used, Sprague-Dowley (SD) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), in the world. Red latex casting was followed by the microdissection in 27 and 28 hearts of SD and WKY male rats, respectively. The branching patterns of LMDA were classified into 3 major types and others based on the left ventricular branches (L). The Type I, Type II, Type III and others are shown in 55.6%, 22.2%, 14.8%, and 7.4% in SD, 60.7%, 10.7%, 7.1%, and 21.5% in WKY, respectively. The branching number of the first left ventricular branch (L1) that are distribute the upper one third of LV was 1.2~1.5, and its branching sites were ranging 0.9~2.1 ᒠfrom LCA origin. L2, the second left ventricular branch distributing middle one third of LV, was the number of 1.2~1.4 and branching out ranging 5.1~5.7 mm. L3, the third left ventricular branch of LMDA distributing lower one third of LV, was the number of 1~1.5 and branching out ranging 7.0~9.3 mm from LCA origin. The common branch of L1 and L2 was branched from LMDA with the number of 1.1, and its site was located in the distance of mean of 1.5 mm and 2.8 mm in SD and WKY, respectively. The common branch of L2 and L3 was branched from LMDA with the number of 1, and its site was located in the distance of mean of 7.2 mm and 2.9 mm in SD and WKY, respectively. The right ventricular branches (R) of LMDA were short and branched in irregularly compared with L. The number of 1~4 of R were branched from LMDA. With regarding to the distribution area of L and the ligation site for MI, moderate MI (25~35% of LV) might be resulted in 70.4% and 60.7% in SD and WKY rats. Small MI might be produced intentionally if the ligation would be located at the 4~6 mm from LCA origin in the left side of LMDA. These data wold be helpful to expect the size of MI and to reproduce of small MI, intentionally, in rat hearts.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2 s.62
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• pp.95-104
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• 2005

Objectives: This was a double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study for evaluation of safety and effective dose finding of Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ in patients with chest pain and discomfort. Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ are composed of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (丹蔘), Notoginseng Radix (三七根) and Borneolum (龍腦). Major effects of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix and Notoginseng Radix are vasodilatation, sedation and analgesic action. Borneolum has an antibacterial effect, and can stimulate the central nervous system. All of these substances are oriental herbs that have been used for a long time in east Asia. Cardiotonic Pills fi received Investigational New Drug (IND) approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA and 40 million people in the world take this pill. We performed a phase IV clinical study to confirm its efficacy and safety in patients who have probable cardiogenic or psychogenic chest pain or chest stifling. Methods: This study was planned for a multi-center clinical trial including four university hospitals of oriental medicine in Korea. This was the first time to evaluate the 'planning treatment according to diagnosis (辨證施治)' of chest pain or chest discomfort according to oriental medical guidelines. The patients who were included in this trial were adult volunteers from 20 to 70 years old who had chest pain or chest discomfort more than twice during a recent month, and we received written consent to participate in this study from all of them. After administration of Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ for 8 weeks, number of occurrences, duration, appearance and degree of chest pain or chest discomfort was observed and degree of symptoms (severity of illness, global improvement) were measured using a patient's global assessment composite scale. Results: In the patient's global assessment scale, the severity of illness of the Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ group (n=25) was 14/25=0.56 but of the placebo group (n=25) was 7/25=0.28 (p-value=0.0449). This result indicates Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$have a positive effect on the symptoms of chest pain and discomfort. However, the global improvement of the Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$group was 23/25=0.92, and of the placebo group was 22/25=0.88 (p-value=0.6374). The total symptom score of the Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ group was $1.68\pm20.06$, and of the placebo group was $16.76\pm72.l4$(p-value=0.2285). The number of symptom events of the Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ group was $72\pm29.78$, and of the placebo group (n=25) was $10.80\pm38.42$ (p­value=0.3660). We could not find any effects on the other factors examined besides the severity of illness, beyond the difference of standard deviations. Conclusions: Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ significantly reduced chest pain and chest discomfort in patients. Therefore, we expect that Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ will be helpful for patients with chest pain and chest discomfort not only caused by heart disease but also by other diseases.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2005

A variety files made of stainless steel (S-S) or nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) are used during endodontic treatment. The purpose of tt)is study was to evaluate the corrosion susceptibility of S-S and Ni-Ti endodontic files. Three brands of files were used for this study: $K-flex^{(R)}$ S-S files (Maillefer, USA), $Profile^{(R)}$ Ni-Ti files (Maillefer, USA), $K-3^{(R)}$ Ni-Ti files (SybronEndo. USA). 120 files of each brands (21mm, ISO size $\#20$) were divided into 12 groups according to 1) sterilization methods using Autoclave or Ethylene Oxide (E-O) gas, 2) Irrigation solutions using $5.25\%$ NaOCl or Saline, 3) the number of sterilization (1, 5, 10 times), After above procedures, each of the files was inspected by three examiners with a light microscope and camera at X25. Each file was judged and ranked according to the following criteria: 0;, no corrosion, 1; mild corrosion, 2; moderate corrosion, and 3; severe corrosion. The files of high score were examined under the Scanning Electron Microscope. Data were statistically analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). Most of the ten time-autoclaved files had showed mild to moderate corrosion. But, one or five time-autoclaved files did not show corrosive surface. NaOCl treatment and E-O gas sterilization did not influence on corrosion. There was a significant difference in corrosion susceptibility between sterilization methods and the number of autoclaving. However, there was no significant difference between brands and file materials.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-41
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• 2017

As a subset study for the collection of Korean indigenous prokaryotic species, 62 bacterial strains belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria were isolated from various sources. Each strain showed higher 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.75%) and formed a robust phylogenetic clade with closest species of the phylum Actinobacteria which were defined with valid names, already. There is no official description on these 62 actinobacterial species in Korea. Consequently, unrecorded 62 species of 25 genera in the 14 families belonging to the order Actinomycetales of the phylum Actinobacteria were found in Korea. Morphological properties, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source and strain IDs are described in the species descriptions.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify nursing students' perception of patient rights, their ethical values and biomedical ethics awareness, and to examine the factors affecting the nursing students' biomedical ethics awareness. Methods: The participants of this study were 273 nursing students in B and K metropolitan city. Data collection was conducted through the structured questionnaires from March 2 to March 25, 2016. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS WIN v 21.0. Results: The mean scores of nursing students' perception of patient rights, ethical values and biomedical ethics awareness were $4.56{\pm}0.38$, $3.26{\pm}0.31$, $2.91{\pm}0.20$, respectively. Biomedical ethics awareness was positively correlated with the nursing students' perceptions of patient rights (r=.38, p<.001) and ethical values (r=.25, p<.001). Factors affecting the nursing students' biomedical ethics awareness were the perception of patient rights (${\beta}=.36$, p<.001) and ethical values (${\beta}=.13$, p=.023). Conclusion: The results suggest that nursing educational program should include perception of patient rights and ethical values to foster biomedical ethics awareness for nursing students.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.167-178
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• 2009

Two poorly known and often confused pleurostomatid ciliates, Litonotus paracygnus Song, 1994 and L. pictus Gruber, 1884, were collected from the coastal waters of Yeonggeumjeong and Bongpo-port, Gangwondo in the East Sea and from the Iwon tide embankment near Ganwol-do, Chungcheongnam-do in the Yellow Sea, Korea. These species were described based on live observations, the protargol-impregnation and morphometrics of the species. Also provided are their diagnoses. The small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences of these species were compared with previously known sequences of related species. The diagnostics of the two Litonotus species are as follows. L. paracygnus: 150-300 $\mu$m long in vivo, strongly contractile neck region, two ellipsoid macronuclei (Ma) and one micronucleus (Mi), 7 left (LSK) and 11-14 right somatic kineties (RSK), 2-4 contractile vacuoles (CV) located on the posterior end, extrusemes (Ex) distributed on the anterior region of the ventral margin only. L. pictus: about 200-600 $\mu$m long in vivo, extremely contractile, beautiful body color with rows of yellow to yellow-brownish cortical pigment granules, 12-21 Ma arranged in moniliform pattern, infrequently vermiform, 7-11 LSK and 18-26 RSK, several CV located on both margins, Ex distributed on the anterior region of the ventral margin only. In this study, this genus was firstly recorded in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.177-187
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• 2016

Purpose: This cross-sectional descriptive study was to explore the relationship among practice environment, organizational justice, and job satisfaction of male nurses. Methods: Subjects were 115 male nurses who were the member of the Korean man nurses association, and they were asked to complete self-administration questionnaires via internet site for this survey which included nurse's practice environment, organizational justice, and job satisfaction. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN version 21.0 software. Results: The mean scores of the nurse's practice environment, organizational justice, and job satisfaction were 2.9, 3.0, 3.1 out of 5 Likert scale respectively. The job satisfaction was positively correlated with the nurse's practice environment (r=.70, p<.001) and organizational justice (r=.78, p<.001). The job satisfaction was affected by procedure-related justice, interpersonal justice, adequacy of staffing and resources in nursing work environment, compensation justice, and good healthy status. These variables explained 68.6% of male nurse's job satisfaction. Conclusion: This finding suggest that suitable organization management for male nurses are necessary through improvement of practice environment and organizational justice in hospital.