• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2011

It was identified as a sharp eyespot (Rhizoctonia cerealis) that the isolates from abnormal symptoms in wheat that showed yellowing leaves, necrotic spot on stem base and dead tillers. These isolates have slower growth property and fewer mycelia than Rhizoctonia solani AG-1(1A) (KACC 40106). They showed binuclear cell, same media cultural and DNA characteristics to R. cerealis. They caused same symptoms on leaves and stem base appeared in artificial inoculation test, comparing to diseased wheat fields and also affect to maturing of kernels. They have optimal growth temperature and acidity on the artificial media as $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ and pH 5~7, respectively. In the investigation of varietal resistance of Korean winter cereal crops to sharp eyespot, there was no resistant in wheat cultivars that all materials infected over 20% diseased ratio. 12 cultivars including 'Anbaekmil', however, considered to moderate resistance with 20 to 30% infection ratio. The others crops using in feeding, whole crop barley, oat, rye and triticale were resistant below 15% diseased degree except the rye that showed over 50% infection rate. It was the first evaluation to sharp eyespot resistance for the Korean feeding crop cultivars. Most tested Korean barley cultivars for malting and food were moderate and susceptible to the sharp eyespot. Only 3 hulled barley, 'Tapgolbori', 'Albori' and 'Seodunchalbori', showed resistance with less than 10% diseased ratio. All tested naked barley cultivars showed susceptible response to the disease.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.219-225
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the patients' knowledge and expectation of dental implants and to provide effective consulting and accurate information on implants to them. To that end, between March 23, 2008 and June 5, 2008, patients who were visiting dental clinics (hospitals) in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Incheon areas were surveyed. 84.7% of subjects said that they recognized implants, and the largest number of them (26.7%) of subjects came to know via friends. According to an analysis of subjects' knowledge of the dental implant operation, the maximum value was 4.06, and the minimum value was 3.05. The opinion value on the need to have regular examination after the implant operation was highest at 4.06. Regarding expectation over the implant operation, the maximum value was 4.42, and the minimum value was 1.78. The opinion value on considering the implant operation capability the most important was the highest at 4.42. The relationship between the knowledge of and expectation over implants was significant. By gender, females had a significantly higher level of knowledge than males. Regarding preference, females scored 3.27 points, and males scored 3.23 points. By occupation, professionals earned the highest score of 3.55 in knowledge, and professionals earned the highest score of 3.31 in expectation. According to an analysis of the relation between variables of knowledge of and variables of expectation over implants, the correlation coefficient (r) between the two factors was 0.362, indicating a positive relevancy(+)(p<.01).

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.279-287
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• 2016

NIFS conducted a feasibility study on the bay scallop Argopecten irradians aquaculture in the test site of Dongsanri, Yangyang-gun, Gangwon-do in June 2015. The transplantation for the test was also carried out in June. The average shell length was $5.79{\pm}0.6mm$ at the time, $15.83{\pm}0.8mm$ in July, $39.40{\pm}0.7mm$ in September, $55.72{\pm}5.8mm$ in November and $59.67{\pm}1.7mm$ in December. At the time of transplantation, the average shell height was $6.06{\pm}0.7mm$, and it grew to $16.40{\pm}0.9mm$ in July, $53.16{\pm}5.2mm$ in November and $55.80{\pm}2.9mm$ in December. Total weight was $0.78{\pm}0.5g$ in July but increased to $24.25{\pm}4.2g$ in November and $26.06{\pm}4.3g$ in December. The daily growth rate of shell length(DGR) was 0.33 mm / day in June, 0.43 mm / day in September and 0.13 mm / day in November. DGR of weight was 0.20 g / day in June, 0.27 g / day in September, 0.06 g / day in November. The relative growth of shell length and shell height was y = 0.9132x and $R^2=0.9923$. As a result, it was proved that bay scallop aquaculture is possible in Gangwon province, the northern part of the East Sea. This will definitely increase the income of fishermen by enabling them to culture more aquaculture species than the single large Patinopecten yessoensis in the region.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-69
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• 1999

A descriptive correlation study was done to provide a basic data for comprehensive nursing care by analyzing the relationship between spiritual wellbeing, hope and perceived health status of the elderly. 195 respondents who lived at their homes and 148 respondents who lived at the facilities for elders such as nursing homes and elder's rehabilitation centers were selected and their age was over 60 years old. Paloutzian and Ellison(1982)'s spiritual wellbeing scale, Nowotny(1989)'s hope scale and Northern Illinois University's health self rating scale was used. From August 10th to August 25th, 1998, ready made questionnaires were handed out by researcher to those who can fill it out and for those who cannot fill out the questionnaires alone, the researcher read it and finished by interview. This study used Pearson's correlation coefficient for the hypothetic test and the average point and standard deviation of spiritual wellbeing, hope, and perceived health status were checked. To find out the difference between spiritual wellbeing, hope, and perceived health status by general characteristics ANOVA and Tukey test were used. The results are as follows : 1. The mean score for spiritual wellbeing of the elders was 42.27($SD{\pm}9.67$) in a possible range of 20-80. The average point of spiritual wellbeing was 2.11($SD{\pm}0.97$) point to 4 point full marks. The mean score of religious wellbeing was 21.37($SD{\pm}7.02$) and that of existential wellbeing was 20.90($SD{\pm}4.63$) in a possible range of 10 - 40. The average point of religious wellbeing was 2.14($SD{\pm}0.70$)points and existential wellbeing was 2.09($SD{\pm}0.46$) points to 4 point full marks. 2. The mean score for hope was 67.16($SD{\pm}12.28$) in a possible range of 29-116. The average point of hope was 2.31($SD{\pm}0.42$) points to 4 point full marks. 3. The mean score for perceived health status was 8.72($SD{\pm}2.49$) in a possible range of 4-14. 4. In testing the hypothesis concerning the relationship between spiritual wellbeing and hope, there was a statistically positive correlation(r=0.5209, p=0.0001). 5. In testing the hypothesis concerning the relationship between spiritual wellbeing and perceived health status, there was a statistically positive correlation(r=0.1427, p=0.0081). 6. In testing the hypothesis concerning the relationship between hope and perceived health status, there was a statistically positive correlation(r=0.2797, p=0.0001). 7. There were significant differences in spiritual wellbeing according to sex, religion, and present occupation. 8. There were significant differences in hope according to residential places, age, religion, educational level, family status, average monthly pocket money. 9. There were significant differences in perceived health status according to residential places, sex, age, educational level, present occupation and family status. From the above results it can be concluded that: There was a positive correlation between spiritual wellbeing and hope, spiritual wellbeing and perceived health status, hope and perceived health status. When the nurse implicate the nursing intervention which can be promote the spiritual wellbeing and hope, elder's perceived health status also can be improved.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.113-116
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• 2011

Purpose: Acetylcholine receptor antibodies cause acetylcholine receptor loss, which is responsible for failure of the neuromuscular junction in the acetylcholine receptor autoantibody. The disease characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue, myasthenia gravis(MG) occurs when the body inappropriately produces antibodies against acetylcholine receptors, and thus inhibits proper acetylcholine signal transmission. And this reason, the measurement of acetylcholine receptor antibodies can be of considerable value in disease diagnosis. Methods: From 2010. August to September, we tested orderd AchRAb 19 samples to get the results. 1. Pipette $5{\mu}{\ell}$ undiluted patient sera and kit control and add 125I AChR $50{\mu}{\ell}$ and incubate at R.T for 2 hours. 2. Pipette $50{\mu}{\ell}$ of anti-human IgG into each tube, and incubate at $2{\sim}8^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. 3. Pipette $25{\mu}{\ell}$ precipitation enhancer into each tube and add 1mL washing solution into all tubes. 4. Centrifuge each tube for 20minutes at $2{\sim}8^{\circ}C$ at 1500g. 5. Aspirate or decant the supernatant. 6. Pipette 1 mL washing solution into all tubes and resuspend the pellet and repeat centrifugation. 7. Aspirate or decant the supernatant and count all tubes on a gamma counter. Results: Cut off value is 0.2 nmol/L and the results taken below 0.2 nmol/L are negative, the results above that identified as being positive values. We assayed the 19 patients samples and got 7 positive results. Of which, 6 patients were diagnosed as MG.(85.7%). Conclusions: Acetylcholine Receptor autoantibody test is intended for use by persons only for the quantitative determination of it in human serum. Even if measurement of the antibodies is not a routine test, it can be of considerable value in disease diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.15-25
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to survey the hospital staff's perception of hospice and death and thereby, suggest the ways to help them have a mature attitude towards and a better understanding of death through an effective education on hospice. For this purpose, this study was designed to provide some data useful for the hospital staff not experienced in facing the dying patients to handle the desperate situation skillfully and engage themselves more effectively in their hospice services. For this study, the researcher conducted a questionnaire survey for the staff of 'C' hospital in Seoul about their hospice philosophy, attitudes towards hospice and perception of death for the period from February, 2006 to March, 2006. A total of 751 subjects responded effectively to the survey. The data collected were analyzed using the SF55 11.0 for ANOVA and T-test in order to test the relationships among subjects' perception of death, their demographic variables, their health condition, their hospice philosophy formed from their experiences of patients' death and hospice services and their attitudes towards hospice. Besides, the correlations among their hospice philosophy, perception of death and attitudes towards hospice were tested. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; First, as a result of testing the relationships among subjects' experiences of health consulting. their experiences of patients' death and hospice and their hospice philosophy, it was confirmed that their experiences of health and death consulting and their experiences of having been educated were relevant. Second, it was found that such variables as health condition, death, experience of hospice and attitude towards hospice were not significantly correlated with each other. Third, as a consequence of testing the relationships among health condition, death, experience of hospice and perception of death, it was disclosed that only the physical health condition was significant. Fourth, it was confirmed that subjects' hospice philosophy, perception of death and attitudes towards hospice were at the usual level on average. Fifth, hospice philosophy, perception of death and attitudes towards hospice were found correlated significantly with each other. Sixth, as a result of the stepwise variable adjustment for such variables as hospice philosophy, perception of death, attitudes towards hospice, it was found that the adjusted r-square value was 0.347 when departments, experience of having been requested by dying patient for consulting, experience of having been educated on hospice, religion and marital status were set as independent variables. And the estimated value of each variable was found significant. Seventh, as a consequence of conducting the multiple regression analysis by setting 'religion' as significant independent variable, it was found that the estimated value of physical health condition was not significant statistically. This, as a result of the simple regression analysis for 'religion' only, its explanatory power was found .197, while its adjusted r-square value was 0.20. Eight, it was found that subjects' attitude towards hospice was significantly correlated with such variables of experience of patient's or relative's death, experience of having been requested for consulting about death, gender, marital status and departments. As a result of the multiple regression analysis and the subsequent stepwise adjustment for this variable, it was found that only 'experience of having been requested for consulting' had some explanatory power: its adjusted r-square value was 0.089. As discussed above, this study tested the correlations among various variables including hospital staff's attitude towards hospice and perception of death and thereby, provided for the data useful for their education on hospice. This study may be significant in that it proved that it would be essential to educate hospital staff on hospice for more effective care of hospice patients and their family members at hospital.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this study is to analyze satisfaction with clinical training in the department of oriental rehabilitation medicine and the related factors. Methods : All the students in the graduating class of school of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University must be trained for 2 weeks in the department of oriental rehabilitation medicine according to clinical training guideline including Objective Structured Clinical Examination(OSCE) and Clinical Performance Examination (CPX). After completing clinical training, we distributed questionaries to them about a reflex of the object of study, usefulness, difficulty, satisfaction and preference. And then, we analyzed the related factors including descriptive statistics, frequency analysis and correlation analysis by SPSS 18.0. Results : In general, a reflex of the aim of study($7.88{\pm}1.31$), satisfaction with contents($8.17{\pm}1.20$) and difficulty($5.53{\pm}0.99$) were evaluated respectively. The better a reflex of the aim of study is, the higher satisfaction with contents is(P<0.01, r=0.836). Chuna was highly estimated, whereas pharmacopuncture was not. In OSCE, a reflex of the aim of study($8.07{\pm}1.07$) and usefulness($8.13{\pm}1.16$) were highly evaluated. The preference for physical examination of the lumbar spine was highly estimated, whereas applying splint was not. Facilities and equipment($7.88{\pm}1.11$), contents of clinical training($7.25{\pm}1.79$), the handout($7.00{\pm}1.59$) and time scheduling($5.48{\pm}1.71$) were evaluated respectively in general composition of clinical training. There is no difference related to specialty, sex and age among students. Conclusions : Clinical training program in the department of oriental rehabilitation medicine can be highly estimated from the viewpoint of difficulty and satisfaction.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.346-355
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• 2005

To investigate the application of biochemical markers' and small-sample methods using whole-wheat flours for screening in early generation in Korean wheat breeding system, 74 Korean wheats, including cultivars, local breeding lines and experimental lines, were analyzed. Seed storage protein and amylose contents of grains were evaluated. Biochemical makers, including granule bound starch synthase (GBSS), high molecular weigh glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and friabilin were also evaluated by using one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryla-mide gel electrophoresis with a single kernel. The small­sample methods, including modified SDS-sedimentation test (MST), micro-alkaline water retention capacity (AWRC) and whole-wheat flour swelling volume (WSV) were also tested in this study. Protein content, MST and AWRC was $11.0 - 15.8\%$, 2.7 - 26.2 ml and $71.9 - 109.7\%$, respectively. Apparent and total amylose content and WSV was $20.6 - 25.0\%$, $26.1 - 32.4\%$ and 9.0 - 16.9 ml, respectively. There were highly significant correlations between MST and AWRC (r=0.592, P<0.001), but Korean wheats showed no significant difference in protein content, amylose content and small-sample methods. In the biochemical markers, Korean wheats contained all three GBSS encoded by Wx loci, except for Suwon 252. Korean wheats showed the high frequency ($58.1\%$) of 1Dx2.2 + 1Dy12 subunits of HMW-GS. Friabilin band was present in 46 lines ($62.2\%$) and absent in 28 lines ($37.8\%$). Friabilin-absence lines showed the higher MST (14.9 ml) and AWRC ($92.1\%$) value than friabilin-presence lines (8.5 ml and $82.4\%$, respectively).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.338-345
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• 2014

HPL-4 is a new herbal formulation developed for the treatment of osteoarthritis. In this study, we took HPL-4 to develop a method for simultaneous determination of nine marker compounds (protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, liriodendrin, nodakenin, ${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-(3-O-sinapoyl)frucofuranosyl-${\alpha}$-$\small{D}$-(6-O-sinapoyl)glucopyranoside, quercitrin, 6-gingerol, decursin and decursinol angelate) present in the formulation. The analytes were separated by UPLC system consisting of diode array detector at 205 nm and RP-amide column, and solvent system of $ACN/0.1%H_3PO_4$. Analytical method was validated to evaluate its linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. All standards showed good linearity ($R^2$ >0.99) in the rage of $0.25-400.0{\mu}g/mL$. The LOD and LOQ were within the range of 0.021-0.148 and $0.070-0.448{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precision was less than RSD 4.0% and the accuracy was range from 92.00-104.81% with RSD<4.2%. The results suggest that the developed UPLC method is precise, accurate and effective, and could be applied for quality control of HPL-4 formulation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 2004

The cytotoxic effects of water and ethanol extracts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) (EP) and chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions from each extract of EP were examined. Every extract and fraction of EP inhibited the growth of human hepatocarcinoma, human gastric cancer cell, human breast cancer cells and human lung carcunoma in concentration-dependent manners over a concentration range of $0.05{\sim}1.0\;mg/ml$. Most extracts and fractions with the concentraction of 1 mg/ml showed strong inhibition of more than 70% for every cancer cell. Only aqueous fractions of each extract showed very weak inhibitons of 12 to 25% on the growth of human normal lung cell with the concentration of 1 mg/ml. Overall selectivity of the extrats and fractions on the four human cancer cell lines was over 2.5. These results indicate that EP has a very potent selective toxicity for cancer cells.