• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2008

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of glycyrrhizic acid was developed for the quality control of traditional herbal medicinal preparation Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT), which is well-known herbal medicine used as tonic. RP-HPLC analysis was carried out using Capcell pak $C_{18}$ MG column $(5\;{\mu},\;150{\times}4.6\;mm)$ and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water containing 0.03% phosphoric acid (pH 2.46) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The optimum wavelength for the detection of the glycyrrhizic acid was found at 250 nm using diode-array UV/VIS detector. The glycyrrhizic acid in BZYQT shows good linearity $(r^2>0.999)$ in the range of $15\;{\mu}g/ml$ to 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. The limit of detection (LOD) was less than 5 ng and R.S.D for intra-day and inter-day reproducibility was less than 7%. The mean recovery of the glycyrrhizic acid was $97.3{\sim}113.0%$. These results suggest that the developed HPLC method is simple and efficient, and could be contributed for the quality control of commercial BZYQT products.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.614-624
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 3-month nutrition education (First Time Intervention, FI) + additional 3-month nutrition education (Repeated Intervention, RI) which was performed after the 8-month followup. FI was conducted during 0-3 months and RI for 11-14 months. Ninety-two subjects completed FI program, and 38 out of 92 subjects who received FI finished the RI. Anthropometric data, dietary assessment (24hr recall) and fasting blood analysis were measured at 0 month, 3 months, 11 months and 14 months time points. After FI (3 mo), waist circumference, triglycerides, total cholesterol were significantly decreased. At 11 month follow-up, body weight, BMI, hip circumference, SBP, DBP were significantly rebounced and HDL cholesterol was significantly decreased. Therefore, the effect of short-term nutrition education was not being sustained. After the secondary nutrition intervention (14 mo), waist circumference and hip circumference were again significantly decreased. Total diet quality index-international (DQI-I) score was significantly increased in both FI group and RI group. The changes in DQI-I scores were significantly correlated with the changes in body weight (r = -0.129, p < 0.05) and counts of nutrition education (r = 0.159, p < 0.05), indicating that effective nutrition education helps improve the diet quality leading to a possible role in CVD prevention among male workers. Although a short-term intervention seems to be a success, the effect was not retained in this study. Therefore, we suggest incorporating nutrition education as a routine program for male worker at worksite.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.2 s.112
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• pp.237-248
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• 2005

To determine the content of hazard microcystin (MC) in Han River system and Ecological Ponds in Seoul City and Kyunggi district, a most toxic derivative, microcystin-LR (MCLR) of 15 samples of 7 ponds, 4 rivers and 4 reservoirs during low precipitation and cold season in 2003 were analyzed by ELISA method. With the change of water temperature ($0.4\;{\sim}\;21.9^{\circ}C$), cyanobacteria including Microcystis aeruginosa dominated the cold phytoplankton community in small ecological ponds such as Kyungbokgung Kyunghyaeru (KBP), Seokchon reservoir (SCR), Yangsoori Ryukgakji (YSS), having the long residence time. Contents of MCLR (the detection limit; $0.05\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$) were high in cyanobacteria-rich sites, especially, Microcystis aeruginosa. Total MCLR, cell extracted type plus dissolved type, were $1.39\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ in KBP, $0.55\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ in SCR and $0.59\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ in YSS, in the first sampling having a high temperature (>$20^{\circ}C$), while some detected only in YSS during the cold season. As expected, the MCLR content was correlated with Microcystis aeruginosa (r = 0.526 for cell extracted type, r = 0.433 for dissolved type). Therefore, low concentration of MCLR detected in small ponds and Han river system in Seoul metropolitan city and Kyunggi district, maybe hardly affect human recreation activity, especially the drinking water supply.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2004

This study was carried out to establish a new breeding scheme which is connected with conventional breeding method and anther culture method. To develop a herbicide resistant and direct seeding rice, $F_1$ plants were subjected to anther culture and regenerated plants from 5 crosses were studied to confirm the introduction of bar gene. After PCR analysis, we selected 227 plants which were carrying herbicide resistance gene (bar) out of 1,508 regenerated plants from anther culture. Among 169 $A_2$ lines carrying herbicide resistant gene from 5 crosses including YR23235 (Dongjin Ds3(Ba $r^{R}$)/ Milyang165), 42 lines that had superior agronomic characters were selected for further research. Among them, YR23235Acp79 which showed herbicide resistance, direct seeding adaptability and superiority in major agronomic characters was named Milyang 204. This breeding scheme proved that the anther culture of $F_1$ plants crossed between transformant and cultivar or transform ant alone could be utilized in breeding programs for a rapid progeny fixation and development of a variety.y.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 2007

Purpose: $Allevyn^{(R)}$(Smith & Nephew, England) is a type of polyurethane foam material with good wound discharge absorption. $Acticoat^{(R)}$(Smith & Nephew, England) is a silver coated dressing material which is effective in infected wound. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of dry gauze, $Acticoat^{(R)}$ and $Allevyn^{(R)}$ on infected full-thickness wound healing in rat. Methods: One hundred and twenty rats were divided into 3 groups: group I(dressing with dry gauze, n=40), group II(dressing with $Allevyn^{(R)}$, n=40), group III(dressing with $Acticoat^{(R)}$, n=40). A $15{\times}15mm$ square full-thickness wound was made on the dorsum and left open for 24 hours. The size of wound defects were measured each dressing changes. The histological evaluation was performed on the 3rd day, 7th day, 14th day, 21th day. Results: After the wound was left open for 24 hours, typical findings of bacterial infection was observed. After the 7th day, group III showed larger area of epithelialization, smaller defect size compared to those of two other groups. Complete replacement by fibrotic scar tissue was observed in group III with no signs of inflammation on the 14th day. By day 21, the average defect size in group III was decreased from initial 100% to 3.63%. while in group I and II, it was decreased to 62.66% and 53.62%, respectively. Conclusion: $Acticoat^{(R)}$ is an effective tool in the treatment of infected wound.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.50-63
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to identify intensive care units (ICU) nurses' experience of traumatic events, deliberate rumination, self-disclosure, social support, and post-traumatic growth (PTG), and to explore relationships among the variables. Methods : Participants were 157 nurses who have provided direct patient care for six months or more in ICUs at a university hospital. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVAs, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regressions using the SPSS/WIN version 23.0. Results : The PTG was found to be significantly associated with deliberate rumination (r=0.36, p<.001), self-disclosure (r=0.39, p<.001), and social support (r=0.54, p<.001). Factors that affect PTG significantly were found in the order of social support (𝛽=0.40, p<.001), self-disclosure (𝛽=0.25, p<.001), and deliberate rumination (𝛽=0.24, p<.001). The final regression model explained 40.1% of the variance of PTG (F=26.33, p<.001). Conclusion : The influencing factors identified in this study on PTG, including social support, self-disclosure, and deliberate rumination should be included in programs to promote PTG for ICU nurses who may experience traumatic events repeatedly.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.320-329
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify resilience's mediating effect between acculturative stress and depression among Chinese students in Korea. Methods: Between February and May 2012, 276 Chinese students from 3 universities located in Chungnam province participated in the current study using a questionnaire survey. Data was analysed using SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The mean score of acculturative stress, resilience, and depression was 82.7, 129.0, and 15.6 respectively. The acculturative stress was significantly related to perceived health status (F=10.57, p<.001), TOPIK(t=7.55, p=.006) and the major(F=2.87, p=.024). Resilience was related to the race(F=13.49, p<.001), perceived heath status (F=10.57, p<.001), tuition(F=8.52, p<.001), and level of Koran language(F=5.91, p=.003). Resilience correlated to acculturative stress (r=-0.21, p<.001) and depression(r=-0.48, p<.001) by showing a mediating effect between accuturative stress and depression. Conclusion: In order to improve resilience as a mediating factor with depression of Chinese students in Korea, we suggest the development various programs about external supporting programs.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.202-206
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• 2006

The oxidation stability of fish oil containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which is very susceptible to oxidative deterioration, needs to be improved before it can be successfully applied to functional foods. The antioxidant activities of 17 species of materials in anchovy oil (AO) were compared and a potent antioxidant was determined to improve the shelf-life of refined AO. Antioxidant activities of the 0.05% (w/w) materials in AO were compared against control during storage at $30^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. While no antioxidant effect was shown in alpha tocopherol against control, 3 species of grapefruit seed extracts (GSEs), astaxanthin (AX), soybean lecithin, and green tea extract showed good antioxidant activities. Especially, GSE B, GSE C, and AX showed significantly high peroxide inhibitory activities (PIAs) of $16.2{\pm}2.1$, $20.{\pm}3.5$, and $17.7{\pm}3.5%$, respectively, after the 4th day (p<0.01). Radical scavenging activities (RSAs) of GSE B, GSE C, and AX were $85.1{\pm}0.8$, $95.3{\pm}0.3$, and $85.9{\pm}0.8%$, respectively. Correlation between PIAs and RSAs was high ($R^2=0.926$) in GSE B, GSE C, and AX. Therefore, we concluded that one of the main antioxidative mechanisms of GSEs and AX must operate through an RSA pathway. The $RC_{50}$ (concentration required for 50% reduction of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, DPPH) of GSE C was $258\;{\mu}g/mL$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.345-346
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• 2012

본 연구는 치과진료실의 실내 공기질에 영향을 미치는 요인과 종사자의 실내자각증상과 관련성을 조사하여 치과위생사 개인의 발전과 건강 증진에 필요한 기초자료를 마련하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 전국(서울, 경기, 대구, 포항)의 종합병원, 치과병원, 치과의원의 치과위생사 210명을 대상으로 2011년 10월 1일부터 20일까지 자기기입식 설문지 조사를 시행한 후 회수하여 응답이 불분명한 5명을 제외한 205명에 대해서 분석 하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 15.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 근무 중 휴식시간 유무별로는 근무 중 휴식시간이 없는 치과위생사가 67.3%로 높은 분포를 보였고, 건물 밖 외출 여부별로는 때때로가 54.6%로 절반 이상을 차지하였으며, 건물 밖 외출횟수별로는 1회 86.1%로 대부분을 차지하였으며, 근무기관의 계절별 자연환기 정도별로는 봄, 여름, 가을, 겨울 모두 1일 2회 이내가 절반 이상을 차지하였으며, 다음으로 1일 4회 이내 19.0%, 기타 9.8%, 1일 10회 이내와 하루 종일 2.4% 순이었다. 실내자각증상 호소율에 대해 살펴본 결과는 4점 만점 중 전체 평균이 2.45로 나타났다. 먼저 영역별로는 평균이 '목증상'과 '눈증상'이 각각 2.54로 가장 높았으며, 문항 중에는 평균이 '눈이 잘 피로해진다'가 3.00으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 근무환경 특성에 따른 실내자각증상은 야간진료 여부별로는 야간진료를 하는 치과위생사가 그렇지 않은 치과위생사보다 실내자각증상이 낮았으며, 야간진료 여부에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다(t=2.07, p<.05). 실내자각증상과 직무스트레스의 관계는 물리환경(r=.259, p<.001)과 직무요구(r=.311, p<.001), 관계갈등(r=.172, p<.05), 조직체계(r=.158, p<.05), 보상 부적절(r=.197, p<.01), 그리고 직무스트레스(r=.275, p<.001)와 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보였다.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.276-283
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• 2011

Purpose: Prenatal depression is associated with potential negative consequences for the mother and infant. The purpose of this study was to examine pregnant women's stress, and depression and their impact on maternal-fetal attachment and fetal growth. Methods: Data were collected by means of a questionnaire and fetal sonogram from a convenience sample of 166 pregnant women. Results: Women who have a low educational level, poor health and are dissatisfied with their marriage showed low maternal-fetal attachment. Prenatal depression had significant correlations with length of pregnancy and level of stress. Even though correlation between maternal stress and fetal weight (r=-.15, p=.099) and correlation between maternal depression and maternal-fetal attachment (r=-.13, p=.095) were not statistically significant, the impact of the prenatal psychological state of mothers can not be ignored as it relates to fetal health. Conclusion: Maternal-fetal attachment and fetal growth can be affected by maternal emotional state, including stress or depression. These findings suggest that primary care nurses in hospitals and public health centers should provide prenatal depression screening and nursing intervention programs for management and prevention of prenatal stress and depression.