• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2018

Objective : In respect of the health and safety of the public, universal access to health care is an issue of the greatest importance. The geographic distribution of doctors is one of the important factors contributing to access to health care. The aim of this study is to assess the imbalances in the geographic distribution of neurosurgeons across Korea. Methods : Population data was obtained from the National Statistical Office. We classified geographic groups into 7 metropolitan cities, 78 non-metropolitan cities, and 77 rural areas. The number of doctors and neurosurgeons per 100000 populations in each county unit was calculated using the total number of doctors and neurosurgeons at the country level from 2009 to 2015. The density levels of neurosurgeon and doctor were calculated and depicted in maps. Results : Between 2009 and 2015, the number of neurosurgeons increased from 2002 to 2557, and the ratio of neurosurgeons per 100000 populations increased from 4.02 to 4.96. The number of neurosurgeons per 100000 populations was highest in metropolitan cities and lowest in rural areas from 2009 to 2015. A comparison of the geographic distribution of neurosurgeons in 2009 and 2015 showed an increase in the regional gap. The neurosurgeon density was affected by country unit characteristics (p=0.000). Conclusion : Distribution of neurosurgeons throughout Korea is uneven. Neurosurgeons are being increasingly concentrated in a limited number of metropolitan cities. This phenomenon will need to be accounted when planning for a supply of neurosurgeons, allocation of resources and manpower, and the provision of regional neurosurgical services.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2007

Objectives : We aimed to assess the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollution and lung cancer in the Republic of Korea. Methods : Using the Annual Report of Ambient Air Quality in Korea, Annual Report of National Cancer Registration, and Annual Report on the Cause of Death Statistics, we calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of lung cancer for both sexes in 74 areas from 7 Korean metropolitan cities. We performed random intercept, Poisson regression using empirical Bayes method. Results : Both SMRs and SIRs in the 7 metropolitan cities were higher in women than in men. Mean SIRs were 99.0 for males and 107.0 for females. The association between $PM_{10}$ and lung cancer risk differed according to gender. $PM_{10}$ was not associated with the risk of lung cancer in males, but both incidence and mortality of lung cancer were positively associated with $PM_{10}$ in females. The estimated percentage increases in the rate of female lung cancer mortality and incidence were 27% and 65% at the highest $PM_{10}$ category $({\geq}70\;{\mu}g/m^3)$, compared to the referent category $({\geq}50\;{\mu}g/m^3)$. Conclusions : Long-term exposure to $PM_{10}$ was significantly associated with female lung cancer incidence in 7 Korean metropolitan cities. Further study is undergoing to estimate the relative risk of $PM_{10}$ using multi-level analysis for controlling individual and regional confounders such as smoking and socioeconomic position.

• 기록학연구
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• 제72호
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• pp.33-89
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• 2022

최근 경상남도기록원과 서울기록원의 개원에 이어 시·도의 지방기록물관리기관 설치를 위한 업무가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 이 과정에서 시·도 지방기록물관리기관의 등장에 따른 기록물관리 업무에 직·간접적으로 영향을 받는 기관이 있으니 바로 시·도교육청이다. 현행 공공기록물법 제11조는 시·도지사에게만 지방기록물관리기관 설치 의무를 부여하는 등 시·도 중심으로 규정되어 있는 반면, 시·도 교육청은 기관 설치 의무로 갖고 있지 않을뿐더러, 시·도 지방기록물 관리기관이 설치될 경우 소관 기록물 중 보존기간 30년 이상의 기록물을 이관해야 하는 의무 등만 명시되어 있다. 이는 시·도교육청과 시·도가 헌법과 법률에 따라 각자 시·도 단위에서 고유의 업무와 역할을 수행하는 것을 고려할 때 적절하지 않다. 따라서 이 연구는 시·도교육청과 시·도가 기본적으로 지방교육자치와 지방자치를 실현하는 핵심 기관으로서 각자 관할 지역에서 독립적으로 고유 사무를 담당하는 대등한 행정기관이라는 점을 법적·제도적 및 역사적으로 비교하여 살펴보고, 지나치게 시·도 중심으로 구성되어 있는 현행 공공기록물법 제11조의 개정 필요성과 함께 시·도교육청의 지방기록물관리기관 설치에 따른 기대효과를 제시하였다.

• 지역연구
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2022

본 연구는 당해도시와 연담도시권 내 도시들의 특성과 단위면적(m²)당 아파트 거래가격 간의 상관성을 확인하는 목적을 가지고 수행되었다. 구체적으로 당해 도시 및 연담도시권 내 도시들이 인구 특성. 산업 특성, 도시계획사업 및 개발사업 특성, 입지적 특성이 아파트 m²당 매매가격 형성의 원인으로 작용하는지, 당해도시와 연담도시 간에 차별적인 특성을 보이는지 또한 수도권과 비수도권 간에 차별적인 특성을 보이는지를 상관분석, 다중회귀분석을 통해 파악하고자 하였다. 인구특성 부문에서는 모두 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 산업부문과 도시계획사업 및 개발사업 특성 부문은 당해도시에서는 유의하지 않게 나오지만, 연담도시권으로 분석하여 볼 때, 유의하게 나타나는 것으로 된다. 수도권과 비수도권으로 분류하여 분석하여 볼 때, 인구 부문은 수도권 및 비수도권 모두 유의하게 나타나며, 입지적 부문에서는 강남구와의 거리만이 유의하게 나타난다. 이는 지금 수도권으로 인구가 집중되기 때문에 아파트 m²당 매매가격도 수도권 집중으로 높은 가격대를 형성하는 것으로 이와 같은 결과가 나타나는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 아파트 m²당 매매가격에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석할 때, 당해도시 뿐 아니라 인접 지역들의 특성을 같이 분석하여야 한다는 결과를 보여주며, 또한 부동산 정책을 실시할 때에도 당해도시 뿐 아니라 연담도시권으로 설정하여 주택시장 모니터링이 함께 이루어질 필요가 있다는 점을 시사한다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.9-34
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• 2004

The present study reviews the license registration status of dental technicians and dentists from 1970 to 2002, the number of technician members of The Korea Dental Technician Association from 1990 to 2003, and the number of dentist members in 2003. It also considers the yearly membership fluctuations, its growth rates, yearly increase/decrease, the rate of dentist to dental technician, regional distribution of association members, regional yearly increase/decrease of the members, and the regional distribution of dentists and dental technicians. The purpose is to identify and predict the problems in the demand/supply of dental technicians and the regional imbalance of manpower distribution. By doing so, this study attempts to propose the appropriate standard for the supply of dental technicians and point out the necessity of making mid- or long-term plans for ensuring the efficiency of manpower supply and balanced regional distribution. The result is as follows: 1. The number of dental technicians and dentists in 2002 has grown 36.79 and 9.27 times from 1970, and 2.20 and 2.05 times from 1990, respectively. It tool 11 years for the twofold increase of dental technicians from 1990, one year faster than the same increase of dentists. The number of dental technicians per a dentist was the lowest in 1972 (0.21 person), and the highest in 2002 (0.86 person). Specifically, the fastest growth was observed for a year from 1983 (0.47 technician per a dentist) to 1984 (0.6). From 1984 to 1986, the ratio grew by 0.1 every year. Summing up the numbers of dentists and dental technicians who passed the national certification examination, this study predicted the number of dental technicians per a dentist to be 0.88 in 2003, and 0.90 in 2004. 2. From 1990 to 2003, the average distribution of dental technician was 71.76% in the metropolitan areas and 28.24% in other smaller regions. The proportion of dental technicians working in the three major cities (Seoul, Busan, and Daegu) was the lowest in 2001 (52.39%) and the highest in 1996 (62.66%). The majority number of dental technicians who practiced in the metropolitan areas (about 70% of the entire population) were in service in the three major cities. 3. Compared with 1990, the number of dental technicians in 2003 grew 2.28 times in the large cities, and 2.05 times in other smaller regions. The yearly growth rate was the highest in 1994 over the previous year: 26.06% in large cities and 17.86% in the other regions. In the large metropolitan cities, the growth rate was the highest in Incheon (5.8 times for 5 years from 1998 to 2003), In the rest of the regions, the increase of dental technicians was the highest in Gyeonggi (6.5 times from 1990 to 2003). 4. In 2003, as much as 73.40% of all the members of the Korea Dental Technician Association were distributed in the large metropolitan cities, and the rest 26.60% were in other smaller regions. Meanwhile, 54.35% of the dentists practiced in the metropolitan cities, and the rest 45.65% were in service at other regions. This result indicates that more dental technicians than dentists are concentrated in large cities. More than half of all the technician members of the Association are distributed in the three major cities (i.e. Seoul, Busan, Daegu). On the other hand, 42.03% of dentist members are in these three cities and 53.97% of them practice in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Busan. In 2003, the ratio of dentist to dental technician is 1:0.43 in general, while the ratio is 1:0.58 in the metropolitan cities, and 1:0.43 in other regions. In 2003, 33.30% of all the certified dental technicians are the member of the Korea Dental Technician Association, while 66.82% of all the licensed dentists are its members.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.43-59
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• 2008

본 연구는 '독서의 달' 프로그램의 주요 이용자 유형을 밝히기 위한 것이다. 이 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 7대도시 지역(서울, 부산, 대구, 인천, 대전, 광주, 울산)의 62개 표본 공공도서관으로부터 9월의 '독서의 달' 프로그램 622개를 그들의 홈페이지를 통하여 조사 수집하였다. 이렇게 수집된 프로그램을 대상으로 본 연구에서는 내용분석법과 크리펜도르프(Krippendorff)의 신뢰계수 알파(${\alpha}$)를 사용하여 이들 프로그램을 지역별로 그리고 이용자 유형별로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 본 연구에서는 7대도시 각 지역별로 공공도서관이 선호하는 주요 이용자 유형의 순위에는 약간씩 차이가 있다는 것과 모든 대도시지역의 공공도서관에서 가장 중요한 이용자 유형은 어린이 또는 전연령층이라는 것이 밝혀졌다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.174-181
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• 2012

In 2010 there are 759 public libraries in Korea, and they have been increased constantly for the recent four to five years. In order to make them as cultural spaces in local communities, Korean government is now planning to increase the number of public libraries up to 900 and to build small to medium-sized multiple purpose libraries rather than large and single purpose ones. Especially in the case of public libraries in metropolitan cities, which are main libraries in those areas, they should be designed to play major functions of cultural experience, exhibition, and life-long education as well as to meet the basic needs of providing books for public reading and of building and developing branch libraries based on local characteristics. Above all, in order to make a public library as a center of local culture, a space planning focused on increasing utilization and satisfaction of the residents is required. It is essential to conduct a survey to understand the needs of the residential users and reflect their opinions. In this regard, our research process was constructed as follows. First, precedent studies on a certain densely populated area were reviewed. Second, a survey was conducted in Ulsan city to figure out the needs and the satisfaction level of the actual users. The purpose of this study is to propose a better space planning approach for public libraries in metropolitan cities based on the analysis.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2021

Purpose: The ability to access clinical trials for cancer treatment is important. This study investigated whether regional differences exist in oncologic clinical trial protocols conducted in South Korea. Methods: Records of all approved oncologic clinical trials conducted in 2019 were downloaded from the Republic of Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The study covered Seoul, the capital area, other metropolitan cities, and provincial areas. Descriptive statistics summarized the distribution patterns of clinical trials by region. Results: A total of 202 oncologic clinical trials were conducted in 63 institutions in 2019. Of these protocols, 186 (92%) were available in Seoul, 120 (59%) in the capital area, 64 (32%) in metropolitan cities, and 66 (33%) in provincial areas. More regional differences in protocol availability were observed in domestic trials, investigator-initiated trials, phase 1 and 2 trials, and smaller-scale trials. Conclusion: Most oncologic clinical trials were conducted in medical institutions located in Seoul, with the rest conducted in the capital area, metropolitan cities, and provincial areas. The findings reveal clear differences in protocol availability between Seoul and the other regions. Measures designed to improve geographical access to oncologic clinical trials may be needed given their growing importance in cancer treatment.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2004

The competitiveness of a country or a city plays an important role as a determining factor in this age of globalization In view of tourism studies, the potential for a region to develop depends primarily on its ability to use and maintain economic advantages in its provision of tourist products and services. In spite of the importance of competitiveness in tourism studies, few researches have been done on competitiveness in Korea The purpose of this study is, therefore, to conduct a comparative analysis of competitiveness between coastal metropolitan cities in Korea-Busan, Ulsan and Incheon- developing tourism index and finding out urban competitiveness. The findings of this study will contribute to enhancing tourism promotion and mutual network with other cities and attracting domestic and international tourists.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2008

Rapid urbanization occurred a variety of transportation problems. Parking problem is one of the most problems of transportation problem then transportation engineers would get involved in trying to solve parking problem. A way to overcome a variety of parking problems needs preliminary data for conditions of parking but it lacks the preliminary data to do so. Thus this study analyzed a characteristic of a parking through a field survey for parking in Daegu Metropolitan City and Ulsan Metropolitan City. This study analyzed parking turnover, parking use ratio and parking basic unit for characteristic of a parking of each use districts and each cities. This study result reveals difference between the use districts' parking characteristic and cities' parking characteristic. Thus a close examination for use districts' parking characteristic and cities' parking characteristic is a prerequisite for a rational parking policy.