• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.261-269
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• 1994

The iodide formed stoichiometrically for sulfide by its oxidation with iodate was extracted as an ion-pair with methylene green into 1,2-dichloroethane and the extract was measured spectrophotometrically at 656nm for the determination of sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide separated from the sample matrix was introduced into a solution containing pH 3.5 acetate buffer and iodate, in which the hydrogen sulfide was completely converted into iodide. A linear calibration graph was obtained over the range $3{\times}10^{-7}{\sim}1.2{\times}10^{-5}M$ sulfide($0.0096{\sim}0.384{\mu}g$ of $S^{2-}/ml$) and the detection limit was $0.0032{\mu}g/ml$. The apparent molar absorptivity and a correlation coefficient(r) were $6.7{\times}10^4L\;mole^{-1}\;cm^{-1}$ and 0.999, respectively. When applied to the stream water samples, the proposed method gave a relative standard deviation of 1.59% at $5{\times}10^{-6}M$ sulfide level.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the degradation of aromatic dyes and the production of ligninolytic enzymes by 10 white rot fungi. The results of this study revealed that Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Ganoderma lucidum, Trametes suaveolens, Stereum ostrea and Fomes fomentarius have the ability to efficiently degrade congo red on solid media. However, malachite green inhibited the mycelial growth of these organisms. Therefore, they did not effectively decolorize malachite green on solid media. However, P. cinnabarinus and P. pulmonarius were able to effectively decolorize malachite green on solid media. T. suaveolens and F. rosea decolorized methylene blue more effectively than any of the other fungi evaluated in this study. In liquid culture, G. lucidum, P. cinnabarinus, Naematoloma fasciculare and Pycnoporus coccineus were found to have a greater ability to decolorize congo red. In addition, P. cinnabarinus, G lucidum and T. suaveolens decolorized methylene blue in liquid media more effectively than any of the other organisms evaluated in this study. Only F. fomentarius was able to decolorize malachite green in liquid media, and its ability to do so was limited. To investigate the production of ligninolytic enzymes in media containing aromatic compounds, fungi were cultured in naphthalene supple mented liquid media. P. coccineus, Coriolus versicolor and P. cinnabarinus were found to produce a large amount of laccase when grown in medium that contained napthalene.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.603-610
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• 2010

The potential feasibility of Maghnia clay as adsorbent to remove three cationic dyes (methylene blue (MB), neutral red (NR) and malachite green oxalates (MG)) from aqueous solution was investigated at various operating parameters such as contact time, pH, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dose. Optimum pH values for dyes adsorption were 6 for NR and 7 for MB and MG, respectively. Maximum adsorption of dyes, i.e. $\geq$ 90% has been achieved in aqueous solutions in 60 minutes. The adsorption of dyes followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1171-1184
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• 2020

The green synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) using biomaterials has garnered considerable attention in recent years because of its eco-friendly, non-toxic, simple, and low-cost nature. In this study, we synthesized NPs of noble metals, such as Ag and Au using an aqueous extract of a marine seaweed, Ecklonia cava. The formation of AgNPs and AuNPs was confirmed by the presence of surface plasmon resonance peaks in UV-Vis absorption spectra at approximately 430 and 530 nm, respectively. Various properties of the NPs were evaluated using characterization techniques, such as dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Phytochemicals in the seaweed extract, such as phlorotannins, acted as both reducing and stabilizing agents for the growth of the NPs. The green-synthesized AgNPs and AuNPs were found to exhibit high catalytic activity for the decomposition of organic dyes, including azo dyes, methylene blue, rhodamine B, and methyl orange.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.69-76
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• 1969

The phagocytic petencies and birefringences of peritoneal mast cells of rats treated with particular dyes (neutral red, toluidine blue, pyronin, methylene blue, alcian blue, trypan blue, carmine, orange G, aniline blue, Janus green B, and India ink) were analyzed by means of phase contrast microscopy and polarizing microscopy. In addition, cytomorphic effects of the dyes on the peritoneal mast cells were also discussed. Phagocytic activities or ingestion of the dye particles were not observed in most cases, except for the India ink group. Hardly a macrophage appeared without some dark particles which were ingested or phagocytosed. Trypan blue and aniline blue produced very weak birefringence in the cytoplasm of mast cells but the rest did not produce even in the acid medium (neutral red and toluidine blue). The short and slender ectoplasmic processes of the mast cells and the leucocytes were also found in certain groups. The cytomorphic effects of the dyes on the mast cell were slight and variable.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.535-542
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• 2010

In this study, we used coal-based activated carbons and charcoal as startingmaterials, phenolic resin (PR) as a binder, and TOS as a titanium source to prepare $TiO_2$ combining spherical shaped activated carbon photocatalysts. The textural properties of the activated carbon photocatalysts (SACP) were characterized by specific surface area (BET), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), iodine adsorption, strength intensity, and pressure drop. The photocatalytic activities of the SACPs were characterized by degradation of the organic dyes Methylene Blue (MB), Methylene Orange (MO), and Rhodamine B (Rh. B) and a chemical oxygen demand (COD) experiment. The surface properties are shown by SEM. The XRD patterns of the composites showed that the SACP composite contained a typical single, clear anatase phase. The EDX spectro for the elemental indentification showed the presence of C and O with Ti peaks. According to the results, the spherical activated carbon photocatalysts sample of AOP prepared with activated carbon formed the best spherical shape, a high BET surface area, iodine adsorption capability and strength value, and the lowest pressure drop, and the photocatalytic activity was better than samples prepared with charcoal. We compared the degradation effects among three kinds of dyes. MB solution degraded with the SACP is better than any other dye solutions.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.330-335
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• 2014

Niobium pentoxide ($Nb_2O_5$) nanoparticles were synthesized using niobium (V) chloride and pluronic F108NF as the precursor and templating agent, respectively. The $Nb_2O_5$-graphene nanocomposites were placed in an electric furnace at $700^{\circ}C$ and calcined under Ar atmosphere for 2 h. The morphology, crystallinity, and photocatalytic degradation activity of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The $Nb_2O_5$-graphene nanocomposites acted as a photocatalyst in the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes under 254 nm UV light; the organic dyes used were methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), rhodamine B (RhB), and brilliant green (BG). The photocatalytic degradation kinetics for the aforesaid dyes were determined in the presence of the $Nb_2O_5$-graphene nanocomposites.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.55-59
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• 2012

Defects such as voids or seams are frequently found in TSV via filling process. To achieve defect-free copper via filling, organic additives such as suppressor, accelerator and leveler were necessary in a copper plating bath. However, by-products stemming from the breakdown of these organic additives reduce the lifetime of the devices and plating solutions. In this research, the effects of levelers on copper electrodeposition were investigated without suppressor and accelerator to lower the concentration of additives. Threelevelers(janus green B, methylene violet, diazine black) were investigated to study the effects of levelers on copper deposition. Electrochemical behaviors of these levelers were different in terms of deposition rate. Filling performances were analyzed by cross sectional images and its characteristics were different with variations of levelers.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2021

In the present work, we studied a method for the synthesis of uniform gold-peptide hierarchical superstructures using tyrosine rich peptide, Tyr-Tyr-Leu-Tyr-Tyr (YYLYY). Peptide nanoparticles self-assembled by dityrosine bonds were synthesized through the photo-crosslinking reaction of the peptide, and gold-peptide hybrid nanoparticles were synthesized using biomineralization properties of tyrosine in a green synthetic manner. The synthesized gold-peptide hybrid nanoparticles were then characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of gold-peptide hybrid nanoparticles was confirmed by the reduction reaction of methylene blue where the catalytic reaction rate constant was 13.4 × 10-3 s-1.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1460-1470
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• 2013

To examine whether miscellaneous cereal grains have an antithrombotic effect, we investigated the anticoagulant activity of 80% ethanol extracts from eleven selected miscellaneous cereal grains. The 80% ethanol extract of hwanggeumchal sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) showed the highest anticoagulant activity, followed by that of green foxtail millet grains, in terms of thrombin time (TT). When the ethanol extract of hwanggeumchal sorghum was sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, the majority of the TT-inhibitory activity was detected in the hexane and methylene chloride fractions. Whereas aspirin (final conc. 480 ${\mu}g/ml$) prolonged TT by 2-fold, the ethanol extract, hexane fraction, and methylene chloride fraction in the same dose prolonged TT by 2.2-fold, 2.9-fold, and 2.5-fold, respectively. The ethanol extract of hwanggeumchal sorghum could delay activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) as well as prothrombin time (PT). Although the APTT-inhibitory activity of the ethanol extract was mainly partitioned into the hexane and methylene chloride fractions, the PT-inhibitory activity of the ethanol extract was solely partitioned into the hexane fraction. The APTT- and PT-inhibitory activities of these organic solvent fractions were more potent than those of the control warfarin (final conc. 3.13 mg/ml). The TT-inhibitory activity of the ethanol extract was heat-stable and acid-stable. The ethanol extract, hexane fraction, and methylene chloride fraction of hwanggeumchal sorghum appeared to possess a direct fibrinolytic activity toward fibrin clotting. These results show that hwanggeumchal sorghum can exert anticoagulant and fibrinolytic effects and, thus, have the potential to be applicable as antithrombotic dietary sources.