• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1988

Kochujang (Red pepper paste) is one of a traditional fermented seasoning foods having peculia. flavor. In present paper, the effects of microorganisms on the formation of volatile components of Kochujang during fermentation were observed. The volatiles of Kochujang were extracted by a steam-distillation under the reduced pressure and determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CC-MS), respectively. During fermentation of Kochujang, Saccharomyces sp. and three strains of Bacillus sp. were isolated as main microorganisms participating in the formation of volatile components. According to the analytical results, tetrahydro geroniol, furfuryl alcohol, methoxy acecoptenone and myrtanal in Kochujang inoculated with Saccharomyces spl, 2-methyl-propan-2-ol, furfuryl alcohol an furfuryl-n-butyrate in Kochujang inoculated with Bacillus sp. B-1, 2-methyl-propan-2-ol, furfuryl alcohol and furfuryl-n-butyrate in Kochujang inoculated with Bacillus sp. B-2, and 2-methyl-propan-2-ol, furfuryl alcohol and n-propylbenzene in Kochujang inculated with Bacillus sp. B-3, were identified as major components, respectively.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 1999

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is known as a more environmental-friendly process with economic advantages in terms of less time, less solvent, less energy and less waste than the current reflux method that is time-consuming. MAE was applied to extract three pesticides (quintozene, tolclofos-methyl and procymidone) from ginseng in a pesticide residue analysis and eliminate pesticide contaminants from ginseng prior to production of the ginseng extracts. The optimal conditions for pesticide extraction from ginseng were 50% in power (150 watts), 2 minutes, 20 mL hexane and 2.0 g sample. The results of optimal conditions were compared with those of Soxhlet method (7 hours, 150 mL hexane). The recoveries between two methods were almost same while time and amount of solvent used in MAE were significantly decreased in comparing with those in the Soxhlet methods. When the 45% ethyl alcohol as a extraction solvent was applied to eliminate pesticides from ginseng prior to the production of the ginseng extracts, it was found that 100% quintozene, 69％ tolclofos-methyl and 83% procymidone were eliminated from ginseng. The data showed that MAE may be used to eliminate pesticide contaminants in ginseng prior to making the ginseng extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1637-1642
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• 2007

The objectives of this study were to compare the aroma characteristics and antioxidant activity of raw and heated garlic ($130^{\circ}C$, 2 hr) from different cultivation areas (Danyang, Seosan, Uiseong Namhae, Namdo, Daeseo and China). The volatile compounds were extracted by simultaneous steam distillation extraction and identified with gas chromatography/mass spectrometer. The major volatile compounds of raw garlic were sulfur compounds such as diallyl disulfide, methyl-2-propenyl trisulfide, di-2-propenyl trisulfide etc. After heating, the major volatile compounds were allyl mercaptan, methyl pyrazine, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dithiane, 2-propenyl propyl disulfide, allyl methyl sulfide, allyl alcohol, and allyl sulfide etc. The DPPH radical scavenging activity (EDA, %) of volatile compounds from raw garlic and heated garlic was increased in a dose-dependent manner. The antioxidant activities (EDA, %) of volatile compounds from raw garlic cultivated in Danyang, Namhae and China were 20.07, 34.62, and 9.71% respectively. After heating, these values were increased to 79.90, 93.59, and 77.26% respectively. Results showed that heat treatment significantly enhanced the antioxidant activities (EDA, %) of the garlic.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.75-87
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the composition, detection rate, and exposure concentration of the airborne organic solvents from the working environmental measurements of total 4181 different type of workplace in 3280 workshops in which organic solvents are used. The results are as follows : 1. For all workplaces except washing, the detection rate of toluene and benzene were 80% and 20%, respectively. 2. The number of detection of aromatic hydrocarbon and ketone were ranged 1.41-2.39 and 0.62-0.90 per a sample in all workplaces except that showed 1.01 in washing. 3. The mean of detection frequency was $3.3{\pm}2.5$ in all workplaces and there was no significant difference among that of each workplaces. 4. The airborne concentrations of methyl methacrylate, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, and ethyl ether were $43.5{\pm}47.0{\;}ppm,{\;}22.5{\pm}51.0{\;},{\;}19.8{\pm}57.6{\;}ppm,{\;}19.8{\pm}40.14{\;}ppm, respectively. And those of cellosolve, methyl cellosolve acetate, and N,N-dimethyl formamide were $4.1{\pm}4.5$ ppm, $4.0{\pm}18.5{\;}ppm$, and $5.6{\pm}7.7{\;}ppm$, respectively and exceeded the occupational exposure limits enforced by Ministry of Labor in Korea. As the above results, it is suggested that the components of organic solvents should be indentified to efficient management, of working environment and conducted the engineering control for the workplaces using the hazardous materials.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.109-116
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• 1971

The mechanical degradation of poly (${\alpha}$-methyl styrene) in several mixed solvents (toluene-n-butyl alcohol, toluene-sec-butyl alcohol, toluene-kerosene, toluene-methyl ethyl ketone), from $1^{\circ}C to $45^{\circ}C$, was studied using the capillary flow method. The velocity constant of scission reaction (k) and the limited degree of polymerization (g) were compared at the same value of [${\eta}$] at each temperatures. As results, mechanical degradation of polymer in dilute mixed solutions is affected by composition of solvents around the polymer chains.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.190-193
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• 2011

Inonotus obliquus is a traditional medicine mushroom that was developed from traditional medicine originating in ancient. It has been applied for cancer or immunotherapy, but its effect on pulmonary tuberculosis is not reported. Therefore, we measured the pulmonary tuberculosis therapeutic effect of methyl alcohol extract from MGIT 960 system with fluorescent indicator. Inonotus obliquus extract showed 14 day more inhibitory activity than the positive control. In addition, the anti-pulmonary tuberculosis activity of Inonotus obliquus was $50{\mu}m$. These results suggest that Inonotus obliquus methyl alcohol extracts could contribute to inhibition of pulmonary tuberculosis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.263-266
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• 2005

A bioassay-guided fractionation of the n-hexane and chloroform extracts of the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga led to the isolation of two active compounds, 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (1) and p-coumaryl alcohol $\gamma$-O-methyl ether (2). 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (1) exhibited significant cytotoxicity against all human cancer cell lines tested (A549; $IC_{50}$ 8.14, SNU 638; 1.27, HCTl16; 1.77, HT1080; 1.2, HL60; $IC_{50}$ 2.39 ${\mu}g/ml$), whereas p-coumaryl alcohol $\gamma$-O-methyl ether (2) showed selective cytotoxicity against the SNU638 cell ($IC_{50}$ = 1.62${\mu}g/ml$).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 1993

This study was intended to investigate the effects of solvents, particle size of a sample, sample to solvent ratio, temperature and time on the extraction of garlic oleoresin. Among eleven solvents used for oleoresin extraction from garlic, the optimal solvent was methyl alcohol. The most appropriate particle size of garlic, extracting temperature and mixing ratio of garlic to methyl alcohol were 20mesh, $25^{\circ}C$ and 1 to 3(w/w), respectively. On the basis of yield in oleoresin extraction, optimum extracting time was about 4 hours. The yield of oleoresin under the above-mentioned conditions was 21.3%. "L" and "b" as color appearance were decreased, whereas "a"was increased slightly during 60 days storage at 5$^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ and 4$0^{\circ}C$. Changes in the pyruvate content showed close relation to pH value. During storage pyruvate content of garlic oleoresin was decreased as increasing storage temperature.

• Solar Energy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.58-68
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• 1989

This paper describes an experimental study that was performed to determine the limiting factors on the power output in the closed cycle Electro-Hydro-Dynamic generator of small capacity. A corona discharge for producing unipolar charged particles used as the charging method. The experiment demonstrated that the corona method of charging was an efficient and effective means of producing unipolar charged particles. Four factors having an effect on the power output characteristics of EHD generator are discussed and examined experimentally, using methyl alcohol and kerosene as working fluides; a. The conversion length between attractor and collector. b. The corona current of Emitter. c. The flow velocity of working fluids. d. Load resistance. This results are as follows; 1) There in a critical value in conversion length for its maximum power output. 2) Power output increases almost linearly with corona current and flow velocity. 3) There is the critical value of load resistance producing a maximum power output. 4) Kerosene is known better working fluid than Methyl alcohol in this EHD generator.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.3 s.59
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• pp.44-51
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• 2005

The flame propagation velocity and the flame arrival time of methyl alcohol, which is widely used as a material of paint industry and organic synthesis, d mixing solvent, and an analytical reagent, were examined at different temperatures and concentrations. It was found that the smaller the vessel size, the easier and faster the combustion. The maximum combustion velocity was 200 cm/sec in the small vessel at $30^{\circ}C$. The flame arrival time was determined to be longer with larger vessels. and shorter with higher concentrations.