• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제105권1호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2016

산림박물관은 산림 및 산림과 밀접한 환경에 관련한 특화된 유물과 자료를 수집 전시 및 교육을 위한 시설이라고 정의 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 경상남도산림박물관을 대상으로 산림과 환경에 대한 교육적 가치를 추정하기 위해 수행되었으며 그 도구는 환경재의 가치추정방법으로 널리 알려진 가상가치평가법(Contingent Valuation Methods: CVM)을 이용하였다. 가치추정을 위한 연구는 대상지의 선정, 제시금액의 결정, 설문종사자들에 대한 사전교육 등을 거쳐 2014년 4월에서 10월에 걸쳐서 실시되었으며 386부를 분석에 이용하였다. 가치추정방식은 DBDC방식의 로짓모형을 이용하였으며 투입된 모수는 방문횟수(time), 환경교육의 정도(contri), 응답자의 환경보존노력(execu), 응답자의 학력(edu), 응답자의 소득(inc) 등을 투입하여 절단된 평균값(WTPtruncated)을 이용하였다. 연구의 결과 일인당 1회 방문시 얻을 수 있는 식물과 환경교육에 대한 가치는 23,338원이었다. 이를 2010년에서 2014년 까지 연간 평균이용객 약 430,000명을 적용하면 경상남도산림박물관이 매년 이용객에게 제공하는 환경의 가치는 약 100억원 이상으로 추정 할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 산림박물관이 관람객에게 제공하는 산림교육 및 환경의 가치를 현재의 통용되는 화폐액으로 제시 한데 그 의의가 있으며 산림박물관의 가치를 더욱 직접적으로 판단 할 수 있는 근거를 제시하여 산림박물관에 대한 직접적인 가치를 판단하게 하여 산림 및 환경교육에 대한 인식을 전환하는 기회가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.383-397
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• 1999

오염토양을 효과적으로 진단하고 경제적인 복원을 위해서는 오염토양의 오염원인, 오염정도, 주변 환경이나 인축에 대한 피해발생 유무, 오염물의 이동경로 등을 올바르게 평가하는 것이 대단히 중요하다. 이를 위해서는 오염토양과 토양내 가스, 주변 지하수 및 지표수, 침전물 등의 효율적 시료채취와 정확한 분석이 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 오염지역 토양의 오염도평가를 표준화하고 처리효율성을 높이기 위해서는 전문처리요원이 토양의 오염도와 위험성을 정확하게 판단 할 수 있도록 단순하면서도 경제적인 연속시험법을 필요로 한다. 이것은 오염토양의 조사와 복원시간 및 전치적일 기술의 진보를 가져오는데 상당한 시간절약을 꾀할 수 있다. 특히 효과적인 현장평가를 위해서는 오염특성을 포함한 많은 관련 요인들에 대한 표준화된 기준하에서 오염의 형태와 정도를 결정하는 것이 중요하다. 현장평가를 위한 일반적인 절차는 작업계획과 토양조사수준에 따라 Phase I, II, III의 단계적 방법으로 구성되어 있다. Phase I은 토양의 과거용도 및 오염물의 유입경로를 기초로 하여 현장의 환경여건을 파악하는 단계이다. Phase I에서 잠재적 오염물질에 의해 오염된 것이 확인되면 Phase II에서는 오염물의 존재여부와 존재정도를 파악하는 단계로 시료의 채취 및 분석과정이 여기에 포함된다. Phase III는 Phase I과 II의 결과를 바탕으로 오염토양을 복원하는 단계이다. 여기서 평가기준이 지역 특이적인 것인지 적당한 것인지를 결정하는 중요한 요인은 (1) 시료채취의 공간분포도와 지역의 크기, (2) 취해진 시료의 수, (3) 시료채취 방법, 그리고 (4) 자료를 분석요령 등이다. 선택된 분석방법이 추천할만한 것일지라도 정량방법의 선택여부는 현장조사방법에 대한 훈련이나 조사경험을 가진 사용자에 의해 결정되는 것이 바람직할 것이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2002

연구배경 :통상성 간질성 폐렴(UIP)은 일반적으로 생존기간 중앙값이 약 3년이하로 보고되는 치명적인 질환이나 환자들간에 예후에 차이가 많다. UIP의 조직학적 소견은 늑막 직하부의 국소적(patchy) 섬유화병변으로 여러 시기의 섬유화 병변이 같이 공존하는 것이 특징이다. 섬유모세포 병소(fibroblastic foci: FBF)는 활발히 증식하는 근-섬유모세포들이 모여있는 급성 폐병소 부위로서 UIP의 활동성 및 예후를 반영할 가능성이 많으나 UIP의 예후인자로서 FBF의 유용성에 관해서는 서로 상반된 결과가 보고되어 논란이 많다. 이에 저자들은 UIP에서 FBF의 예후인자로서의 유용성를 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 :1990년 7월부터 2000년 4월까지 서울중앙병원에서 수술적 폐생검검사로 진단되고 일년이상 경과가 관찰된 UIP환자 46명(연령 $59{\pm}12$, 남:여=33:13)으로 모든 조직표본을 재검토하여 ATS/ERS 분류에 의한 IPF-UIP로 확인된 환자들만을 대상으로 하였다. FBF 정도는 폐생검조직에서 0에서 3 (absent:0, mild:1, moderate:2, severe:3)까지 반정량적인 방법으로 측정하였다. 결 과 : 1) 대상 환자들의 46명의 진단 후 생존기간 중앙값은 26개월이었고, 추적관찰 기간중에 사망자는 13명이었다. 2) 사망군과 생존군을 비교 하였을 때 진단시의 FVC와 DLco, 흡연 유무, FBF 정도가 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3) 진단시 FBF 정도가 비중증군 (FBF :2이하)의 103개월로 중증군(FBF :3)의 평균 생존기간이 48 개월에 비해 유의하게 길었다. 또한 FVC가 73.5% 이상인 군에서(평균 생존기간 86개월) 73.5% 미만인 군(65개월)보다, $D_Lco$가 60.5% 이상인 군(평균 생존기간 83개월)에서 60.5% 미만 군(69개월)보다 생존기간이 길었다. 4) 환자의 나이, 성별, 흡연 그리고 Kaplan Meyer 분석을 이용한 단변수 분석 상 생존과 연관이 있는 인자로 나타난 $D_Lco$, FVC, FBF정도에 대하여 Cox regression분석을 시행한 결과, FBF 정도 만이 UIP사망의 독립적인 예측인자로 확인되었다. 결 론 : 수술적 폐생검상 FBF 정도와 환자의 생존기간의 연관성이 관찰되어, FBF가 UIP의 예후의 예측인자로 추측되었다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2005

It was to study a following research of "A Kinematical Traits Analysis when Performing Uchimata(inner thigh reaping throw) by Posture and Voluntary Resistance Levels(VRL) of Uke in Judo[1]" and. "A Case Study of Center of Gravity(COG) when Performing Uchimata(inner thigh reaping throw) by Posture and Voluntary Resistance Levels(VRL) of Uke in Judo[II]". The purpose of this study was to analyze an angular momentum of trunk and lower extremity when performing uchimata by two postures and voluntary resistance levels(VRL) of uke(reciver) in Judo. The subjects, who were one male judoka(YH) for 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games Olympian(silver medalist), was filmed on two S-VHS 16mm video cameras(60fields/sec.) through 3-dimensional motion analysis methods, that postures of uke were shizenhontai (straight natural posture:NP) and jigohontai (straight defensive posture:DP), VRL of uke were 0% and 100%, respectively. The variables were angular momentum of trunk, lower extremity of attacking leg and supporting leg of tori(the thrower). The data of this study collection were digitized by SIMI Motion Program computed the mean values and the standard deviation calculated for each variables. When performing uchimata according to each posture and VRL of uke and classifying. From the data analysis and discussion, the conclusions were as follows : Angular momentum of trunk when performing uchimata was showed the largest among another angular momenta, and the posture displayed more different than resistant of uke(reciver), but the pattern similar in judo. Angular momentum of trunk of X axis was the largest and Y, Z axis order. Angular momentum of attacking the thigh-leg when performing uchimata was showed the largest among another angular momenta, and the posture displayed more different than resistant of uke(reciver), X axis and Y axis similar, but angular momentum of Z axis of thigh-leg the largest, in kake(application) event in 0% resistance of DP than other variables. Angular momentum in X,Y axis of attacking the lower-leg when performing uchimata was showed that the resistance level displayed more different than posture, but Z axis the largest, in kake(E3) phase in 0% resistance of DP than other variables as same thigh-leg, and the largest from tsukuri(set-up:E2) to kake(E3) phase. X and Z axis Angular momentum of supporting the thigh-leg were similar, regardless of posture and resistance of uke, but Y axis was resistance level. Angular momentum of supporting the thigh-leg was showed the largest in X axis, increased from EO event to E2, and decreased in E3, and angular momenta of Y, X axis were showed the largest in kuzushi(balance breaking) phase when performing uchimata. Angular momentum of supporting the lower leg were similar pattern, regardless of posture and resistance of uke, in Y axis, resistance displayed more difficult the position in NP, and showed opposite angular momentum in tsukuri phase. In conclusion, angular momentum of trunk when performing uchimata was showed the largest, and pattern was similar, regardless of posture than resistant of uke(reciver), magnitude and direction were different each other, and uchimata was Ashi -waza(foot and leg techniques) division but important of trunk action.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.22-43
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• 1983

1. Need for and Purpose of the Study. There is an increasing demand for curriculum improvement of the Korean Army Nursing Academy (KANA), since it was upgraded into 4-year institution of higher learning from 3-year one. In particular, it is strongly advocated that the KANA needs the outside expertise for its curriculum improvement-namely not only from the internal military view of points but also from the viewpoints of professional educational society, In line with such a necessity for the study, this study was aimed at 1) analyzing the current actual practices of KANA'S curriculum, 2) investigating the desired practices of KANA'S curriculum, and 3) identifying the discrepancy between the actual and desired practices of curriculum. 2. Problems for the Study This study had 4 problems to be answeared as follows: 1) What are the actual curriculum practices of KANA? 2) What are the desired curriculum practices of KANA? 3) How are the extents of perception of actual and desired curriculum different in four groups (student, faculty & administrator, nurse, and medical doctor in militay hospital) ? 4) What are the restraining forces that impede the change from actual to desired curriculum practices? 5) What are the relationships of curriculum component,』 in actual and desired curriculum practices? 3. Methods and Procedures This study was conducted by means of document analysis in addition to literature review and by means of needs assessment questionnaire which was developed by the researcher. The questionnaire included 62 statments with 7 questions for demographic data collection. The needs assessment questionnaire was managed to a total of 243 subjects (100 students, 46 faculty & administrators, 55 nurses, and 42 medical doctors), The collected data were treated using SPSS computer system so as to calculate mean scores, standard deviations, and correlation coefficients. The significance test was made through t-test and one-way ANOVA. The statistical significance level was set at both .05 and .01 level. 4. Major findings The major findings in this study are as follows: 1) The score of desired practices was significantly greater than that of actual practices, representing a strong need for curriculum betterment. 2) There were significant differences in the perceptions of actual practices as well as desired practices among four groups (student, faculty & administrater, nurse, and medical doctor). 3) The most frequently selected restraining forces were army's inherent character, economical limitation, and educational expertise limitations. 4) Such variables as sex, position attachment to the KANA and grade made a statistically significant effect on the perception of desired curriculum practice, while the variables like marrige, position, and military class made it on the perception of actual curriculum practice. 5) The coefficients among the curriculum components were lower in perception of the actual curriculum practices than those in the desired practices. 5. Conclusions The conclusions based on the major findings of this study are as follows: 1) The current curriculum development procedure of the KANA is not consistent with the theoretical frame of systematic development sarategy of curriculum. 2) There are wide conflicts among the groups who are supposed to participate in curriculnm development, concerning the actual and desired practices of KANN'S curriculum. 3) A great deal of need for curriculum improvement for the KANA is clearly felt, and in particular, in the process of teaching and learning. 4) Each component of curriculum is not intergrated into a whole development procedure, being segregated each other. 5) For better curriculum improvement, such restraining forces as financial and professional limitations should be eliminated. 6. Recommendations 1) For Further Research a. There is a need to replicate this study after in-depth statistical analysis of each item of need assessment questionnaire, and with more representative subjects. b. A study should be conducted which. has its focus on the analysis of restraining forces for the change from actual to desired curriculum practices of the KANA. 2) For KANA'S Curriculum Improvement a. There is a need to promote the professional expertise of the participants in curriculum development and the communication among them. b. It is desirable to establish an institution or section of administration, which is soley in charge of curriculum development. c. To better develop KANA's curriculum not only faculty and administrators but also students should be encouraged to participate in development process, while the military medical doctors' participation should be carefully considered.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.27-54
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• 2021

Objectives : This review was conducted to validate the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicine combined with conventional therapy for rosacea. Methods : Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) reporting the effects of herbal medicine treatment on rosacea were searched through eight electronic databases from 2016 to March 17, 2020. This study collection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviews. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used for the evaluation of the risk of bias in all included RCTs. Mean differences(MD) and Risk ratio(RR) of 95% Confidence intervals(Cls) were calculated and data synthesis was conducted using Review Manager(RevMan, ver.5.4) Results : Eighteen RCTs were included and all trials compared the combined therapy of herbal medicine with conventional western therapy to conventional therapy alone. The effective rate of the combination of herbal medicine with western medicine(RR 1.20, 95% CI : 1.13-1.28, p<0.00001, I²=0%), the effective rate of the combination of herbal medicine with laser-based therapy(RR 1.12, 95% CI : 1.04-1.21, p=0.004, I²=18%) and the effective rate of the combination treatment group using herbal medicine, western medicine and external drugs were all statistically higher that of the control group(RR 1.19, 95% CI : 1.11-1.28, p<0.00001, I²=0%). The score of non transient erythema(MD -0.36, 95% CI : -1.01 0.29, p=0.27, I²=93%), flushing(MD -0.69, 95% CI : -0.97, 0.41, p<0.00001, I²=32%), papules or pustules(MD 0.10, 95% CI : -0.15, 0.35 p=0.44, I²=0%) were also seen in the herbal medicine and western medicine combination group. The overall risk of bias of the included studies was some concerns. No serious adverse effects were observed. Conclusions : This review found the safety and effectiveness of the combined therapy of herbal medicine with conventional western therapy for rosacea.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.237-257
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• 2005

It was to study as a following-research of "A Case Study on Center of Gravity(COG) Analysis when Performing Uchimata(inner thigh reaping throw) by Posture and Voluntary Resistance Levels(VRL) of Uke in Judo[I]". The purpose of this study was to analyze the COG variables when performing uchimata(inner thigh reaping throw) by two postures and voluntary resistance levels(VRL) of uke(reciver) in Judo. The subjects, who were one male judoka(YH) for 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games Olympian(silver medalist), and one male trainee; Y.I.University representative member (SDK), and were filmed on two S-VHS 16mm video cameras(60fields/sec.) through 3-dimensional motion analysis methods, that postures of uke were shizenhontai (straight natural posture) and jigohontai(straight defensive posture), VRL of uke were 0% and 100%, respectively. The kinematical variable was COG variable, distance of COG, and distance of resultant COG between uke and tori(the thrower), velocity and acceleration of COG. The data of this study collection were digitized by SIMI Motion Program computed the mean values and the standard deviation calculated for each variables. When performing uchinmata according to each posture and VRL of uke and classifying. From the data analysis and discussion, the conclusions were as follows : 1. Displacement of COG Subject YH, COG was the highest in kuzushi(balance -breaking), vertical COG was low when following in tsukuri(positioning; set-up), kake(application; execution), and COG was pattern of same character each postures and resistance, respectively. Subject SDK, COG was low from kumikata(engagement positioning) to kake, and COG was that each postures and resistance were same patterns, respectively. Subject YH, SDK, each individual, postures and resistance, vertical COG was the lowest in kake phase, when performing. 2. Distance of COG between uke and tori The distance of COG between uke and tori when performing, subject YH was $0.64{\sim}0.70cm$ in kumikata, $0.19{\sim}0.28cm$ in kake, and SDK was $0.68{\sim}0.72cm$ in kumikata, $0.30{\sim}0.42\;cm$ in kake. SDK was wider than YH. 3. Distance of resultant COG between uke and tori The distance of resultant COG between uke and tori when performing, subject YH was $0.27{\sim}0.73cm$ from kumikata to kake. and SDK was $0.14{\sim}0.34cm$ in kumikata, $0.28{\sim}0.65cm$ in kake. Jigohontai(YH:$0.43{\sim}0.73cm$,SDK:$0.59{\sim}0.65cm$) was more moved than shizenhontai(YH:$0.27{\sim}0.53cm$, SDK: $0.28{\sim}\;0.34cm$). 4. Velocity of COG The velocity of COG when performing uchimata, subject YH was fast anterior-posterior direction in kuzushi, ant.-post. and vertical direction fast in tsukuri and kake. SDK was lateral, ant.-post. and vertical direction in kuzushi, ant.-post. and vertical direction in tsukuri and ant.-post. direction in take, respectively. 5. Acceleration of COG The acceleration of COG when performing uchimata, The trend of subject YH was showed fast vertical direction in kuzushi and tsukuri, ant.-post. and vertical direction fast in kake. The trends of SDK showed lateral direction in kuzushi, lateral and ant.-post. direction in tsukuri and ant.-post. direction in kake, respectively.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.357-375
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find out methods to control, regulate and prevent sexual violence and provide guidelines for sex education in middle school. This study was conducted to examine factors in relation to sexuality, attitudes toward women, experience of sexual contact, frequencies and kinds of pornography with which they had contact, and sex education. For the data collection, a survey was conducted from September 25 to October 1, 1997 by using prepared questionnaires. Questionnaires were given to 503 students from three different kinds of middle schools in Seoul, Boys, Girls, and Coeducation schools. The data analyses used a PC-SAS. Each item was examined by frequencies and percentage. To compare Boys with Girls, I applied a T-test. In addition, with the kinds of school type, I applied anANOVA, ${\chi}^2$. Moreover, For investigating and analyzing each category, I categorized knowledge and attitude of sexuality, with precautionary measures of sexual violence. After that I applied T-test, ANOVA, and a Pearson's correlation for each category. The instruments of this study consisted of 9 domains. (1) General characteristics of the respondents (2) 9 questions about the interaction between he/she and his/her parent. (3) 12 questions, concerning A Scale for Attitudes of Adolescents Toward women(AWSA). (4) 26 questions related to sexual knowledge. (5) 25 questions about sexual attitude (6) strategies for prevention of sexual violence-33 questions (7) 5 questions related to sexual behavior (8) the experience of contact with pronography. (9) the experience of sex-education. The major results were summarized as follows; 1. Like many researches, This study shows that the girls are more eqalitarian than boys. The girls mean ($40.90{\pm}3.67$) is significantly higher than boys ($34.72{\pm}3.77$). Most Koreans have believed that there are many differences between men's roles and women's ones, because of confucianism which had been implied in most thought and ideas since the Lee dynasty. Therefore, the result is not surprising at all. 2. Most students answered correctly the questions of sexual knowledge. The girl's score was higher ($Mean{\pm}SD$ : $48.88{\pm}2.39$) than the boys' ($Mean{\pm}SD$ : $46.95{\pm}3.90$)(p 0.001). Nevertheless, the hypothesis that sexual knowledge influences sexual attitude and its behavior was rejected. 3. When twenty-five questions were asked about sexual attitude, the girl students investigated were found to have a more propre sexual attitude than that of the boys. A significant difference was found between boys and girls(p=0.001). The result shows that a person who has more experience in viewing pornography and who smokes will have a more distorted view of sexuality. 4. There are many students who have experienced of sexual contact. They need to take a sex education program about contraception and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. Systematic and concrete sex education is one way to lead them to proper sexual behavior. 5. Most respondents rejected stereotyped attitudes towards women. Boys, however, were more likely to accept stereotypes of Women. The girl's mean($Mean{\pm}SD$ : $40.90{\pm}3.67$) is higher than the boys($Mean{\pm}SD$ : $34.72{\pm}3.77$)(p=0.0001). 6. Many boys ignored the rules for prevention of sexual violence. A boy or a girl who has more experience of sexual contact over kiss and sex-typed neglected the rules, too(p=0.001). Today, there is increasing juvenile delinquency related to sexuality. This study provided the basic material for a preventive education system. I believe that a systematic and concrete sex education system can be helpful for adolescents and promote their responsibility as well as cultivate morality about sexuality. As a result, juvenile delinquency can be decreased. This study is basically aimed to provide information for a prevenative education system of sexual violence. Further research is recommended to evaluate programs in schools.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.119-124
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• 1997

목적: 뇌종양에서 자기공명 뇌혈류량지도(MR cerebral blood volume map)의 유용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 15예의 두개강내 종괴(다형성 교모세포종 2예, 저등급 교종 3예, 뇌농양 2예, 뇌수막종 3예, 신경세포종 1예, 배아종 1예, 방사선괴사 1예, 전이암 1예) 에서 관류 MR영상을 수술전에 시행하였다. 환자의 평균연령은 42세였고(22-68), 남자 10명, 여자 5명이었다. MR영상기기는 1.5T unit(Signa, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wisconsin)를 사용하였다. 조영제 주입후 조영제의 일차 통과시 나타나는 자화율을 얻었다. (조영제는 최오의 MR 촬영시작후 10초부터 시작하여, 총량 15cc 의 Gadopentate dimeglumine(Magnevist)를 약 2ml/sec의 속도로 손으로 주입하였다). 각 환자마다 160초 동안 6 slice에서 slice당 80 image씩 총 480 image를 얻었으며 interleaved single shot gradient EPI기법을 사용하였다. 영상변수는 TR 2000ms, TE 50ms, FOV $240{\times}240mm,{\;}matrix{\;}size{\;}128{\times}128$, slice thickness/gap 5/ 2.5mm, flip angle $90^{\circ}$로 하였다. 얻은 영상데이터는 GE workstation으로 전송한 후, 자체적으로 개발한 software에 의해 각 kvoxel마다 시간경과에 따른 신호크기의 로그변화곡선(${\Delta}R2^{*}=-In(S/S_0$)의 적분값을 구하여 국소뇌혈류량(rCBV)영상을 구성하였다. 이의 시각적 해석을 용이하게 하기 위해 정상 뇌백질의 관류정도를 기준으로 하여 상대적인 RGB 색수치로 변환하여, color rCBV map을 얻었다. 관류의 정도와 조영증강정도를 중심으로 관류 MR 영상소견과 조직학적 소견을 관련지어 분석하였다. 결과: 조영증강 T1강조MR영상에서 환상조영증강을 보이는 다형성 교보세포종 2예에서는 변연부 외륜이 고관류를, 중심부의 괴사부위는 저관류로 나타났다. 저등급 교종은 경계가 불분명한 저관류부위로 보였다. 뇌농양 2예는 변연부 외륜이 경도의 고관류를, 중심부는 저관류로 나타났다. 뇌수막종은 미만성의 균일한 중등도 혹은 고도의 고관류로 보였으며, 임파종과 배아종은 경계가 명확한 저관류부위로 나타났다. 신경세포종은 종괴\ulcorner 일부에 중등도 혹은 고도의 고관류부위가 관찰되었고, 전이암은 다수병변중 일부에서 중등도의 고관류를 보였다. 방사선괴사는 저관류부위내에 국소적 고관류부위를 보였다. 결론: 관류 MR영상은 뇌종양의 관류상태를 비교적 잘 반영하며, 조직학적 특성을 예측하는데에 도움을 주 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 뇌종야에서의 관류MR영상의 분명한 역할을 규명하기 위해서는 앞으로 더 많은 임상적 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.109-129
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• 1999

AIDS is worldwide problem. It has threatens societies and is potentially a big problem among youth. UNAIDS has warned that collective global responses are necessary; with half of the newly infected being children and young people in 1998, educating youth below age 24 is essential. Because of both their unexpected, strong sexual activities and an easjer tendency to change their behavior than adults, UNAIDS emphasizes the importance of prevention education for youth. In Korea, 4 cases of HIV infection have officially been reported among high school students. Considering the potential seriousness of HIV infection among youth, the Korean AntiAIDS Federation (KAAF) began an education programme for Korean youth (middle & high school pupils) as one intervention method in 1993. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the education programs performed and to develop a better programme. The intervention method used in this study was mainly a lecture in a big or small auditorium or through broadcasting systems using audio-visual teaching aids. The period of this survey was from Nov. 10 to Dec. 26. in 1998. The subjects surveyed were 792 pupils who were sampled from 12 different middle and high schools in Seoul by a two-stage cluster sampling. Self-recording the structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed by using a paired t-test to compare the knowledge difference before and after the interrention method. A chi-square test to compare the consciousness difference between pre-post-education results was used, and an ANOVA was ased to compare the knowledge difference among the selected groups. Major results of this study are summarized as follows: (1) AIDS knowledge significantly changed after AIDS prevention education. (2) The direct lecture in a big or small auditorium is more effective than an indirect lecture through a broadcasting system or through audio-visual teaching aids. (3) Those who had not seen obscene materials (e.g. pornography films, magazines etc.) acguired much more knowledge than others after AIDS prevention education. (4) Those who had no girlfriend/or boyfriend acquired much more knowledge than the others after AIDS prevention education. (5) As to the attitudes toward chastity, more girls than boys and students who had not seen obscene materials rather than those who already had were liable to support the state ment: "all should remain chase" and their consciousness on "being chaste" changed much more than that of others after intervention. (6) As to the individual evaluation of lectures, 23.1% shows "very good", 44.1% "good", 26.9% "normar" '-' thus, the positive evaluation was to 94.2%. The negative response was 5.8%. (7) As to the desire for AIDS education sponsored by KAAF in the future, more than 90.5% showed a positive reaction. (8) As to the educators in future education methods, pupils wanted lecturers from outside their schood. (9) Students from vocational high schools have seen obscene materials much more than other groups and the percentage of those who had a girlfriend/or boyfriend was higher than that of the others as wello. (10) 90% of those who watched obscene materials responded that they experienced these materials while at middle school and 100% before reaching the second grade of high school. (11) The number of boys who have experienced obscene materials is twice as many as that of girls. (12) The percentage of boys who have a girlfriend is much higher than the percentage of girls who have a boyfriend. (13) Among those who have friends of the opposite sex, 11.1% say that they hare had sexual contact and 20.8% hare experienced kissing and caressing.