• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2021

폐리튬이온배터리를 고온에서 용융환원처리하면 코발트, 니켈 및 구리가 환원된 금속을 얻을 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 상기 금속외에 망간, 철 및 규소가 같이 환원된 금속합금의 침출을 조사하였다. 침출용액으로 염산에 과산화수소를 산화제로 첨가해 염산과 산화제의 농도, 반응시간 및 온도와 광액밀도를 변화시켜 니켈, 코발트 및 구리를 99% 이상 침출시킬 수 있는 조건을 조사하였다. 과산화수소 농도와 광액밀도가 금속의 침출에 미치는 영향이 현저했으며 20에서 80℃의 반응온도범위에서 반응온도는 침출에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 2M의 염산용액에서 5%의 과산화수소를 혼합한 용액으로 60℃의 반응온도와 30 g/L의 광액밀도조건에서 150분 반응시키면 규소를 제외한 모든 금속이 99% 이상 침출되었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.553-555
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• 1995

• 공업화학
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.697-702
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• 2011

1%, 2%, 5% 및 15%의 가교도를 가진 클로로메틸화된 스타이렌-1, 4-디비닐벤젠에 $OenNdien-H_4$ 거대고리 리간드를 공중합반응으로 결합시켜 이온교환 수지를 합성하여 우라늄(${UO_2}^{2+}$), 칼륨($K^+$), 네오듐($Nd^{3+}$) 금속 이온들의 흡착 특성을 여러 가지 실험 조건하에서 조사하였다. 이들 합성수지의 확인은 염소 함량과 원소 분석 그리고 IR-스펙트럼으로 하였으며, 수지에 대한 금속 이온들의 흡착에 미치는 pH, 시간 그리고 수지의 가교도에 따른 영향들을 조사한 결과 우라늄 이온은 pH 3 이상에서 큰 흡착률을 보였으며, 금속 이온들의 흡착 평형은 2 h 정도였다. 한편, 메탄올용액에서 수지에 대한 흡착 선택성은 우라늄(${UO_2}^{2+}$) > 칼륨($K^+$) > 네오듐($Nd^{3+}$) 이온이었고, 금속 이온의 흡착력은 1%, 2%, 5% 및 15%의 가교도 순이었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.901-907
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate bacteria removal ability of the metallic silver which was baked silver ion impregnated ceramic filter at heating condition. Silver leaking from baked ceramic filter was tested to sustain bacteria removal for a long time. Silver impregnated ceramic filter could remove E. coli completely at $10^{12}$ MPN/100ml to $10^{13}$ MPN/100ml of influent. However, ceramic filter without silver did not remove E. coli completely under the same condition. After baking, the silver impregnated ceramic filter almost didn't leak out the silver ion from filter. Photo of TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) showed that absorbed silver ions remained in ceramic filter after baking process and most of silver were less than 10 nm. According to the increase in the amount of silver in the ceramic filter, removal efficiencies of E. coli were increased but turbidity removal was decreased. It can be accounted that increased removal efficiency of E. coli was from disinfection of silver that is in the ceramic filter. Simulated concentrations of bacteria agree well with the observed experimental effluent concentration data. Moreover, first-order decay coefficients increased to 0.0034/min after silver was added in the ceramic filter. Increase of first-order decay coefficient proves that silver-added ceramic filter can remove bacteria easily.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.230-236
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• 2022

The formation behavior of a passive state film on the surface of STS304 in electrolytic solution was analyzed to determine its metallic ion composition. The properties of passive state films vary depending on the Fe and Cr ions in the electrolytic solution. It was observed that the passive state film surface became flat and glossy as the concentration of Fe and Cr ions in the electrolytic solution increased. The corrosion resistance property of the passive state film was proportional to the amount of Fe and Cr in the electrolytic solution. An initial passive state film with high Fe concentration was formed on the surface of STS304 during early electrolytic polishing. Osmotic pressure of Fe ions occurs between the passive state film and electrolytic solution due to the Fe ion concentration gradient. The Fe in the passive state film is dissolved into the electrolyte, and Cr fills up the Fe ion vacancies. As a result, a good corrosion-resistant floating film was formed. The more Fe ions in the electrolytic solution, the faster the film is formed, and as a result, a flat passive state film containing a large amount of Cr can be formed.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.97.2-97.2
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• 2011

Pt-Ru and Pt-Ni bimetallic catalysts were prepared and tested for heavy hydrocarbon reforming. Metals were supported on CGO($Ce_{0.8}Gd_{0.2}O_{2.0-x}$) by incipient wetness method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by Temperature programmed reduction(TPR). Oxidative steam reforming of n-dodecane was conducted to compare the activity of the catalysts. The reforming temperature was varied from $500^{\circ}C$ to $800^{\circ}C$ at fixed $O_2$/C of 0.3, $H_2O$/C of 3.0 and GHSV of 5,000/h.Reduction peaks of metal oxide, surface CGO and bulk CGO were detected. Reduction temperature of metal oxide decreased over the bi-metallic catalysts. It is considered that interaction between metals leads to decrease interaction between metal and oxygen. On the other hands, reduction temperatures of surface CGO were dectected in the order of Pt-Ru > Pt-Ni > Pt. low reduction temperatures of surface CGO indicates the low activation energy for oxygen ion conduction to metal. Oxygen ion conduction is known as de-coking mechanism of ionic conducting supports such as CGO. In activity test, fuel conversion was in the same order of Pt-Ru > Pt-Ni > Pt. Especially, 100% of fuel conversion was obtained over Pt-Ru catalysts at $500^{\circ}C$.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 1999

HF purification performance of an ion exchange membrane(IEM) was evaluated with 0.5% HF spiked with 10ppb of Fe, Ni and Cu nitrates. The result show that after less than five turnovers through an IEM, the metallic impurity concentration drops below 1ppb. The decrease rate can be fitted to a model assuming the experimental tanks to be continuously stirred tank reaction and that the metallic impurity concentration after the IEM is a function of the single-pass purification efficiency of the membrane, the concentration before purification and the metals desorbed form the IEM. The Concentration after purification was investigated up to a cumulative Fe loading of 300ppb in the 23 liter recirculated loop. It increases linearly vs. cumulative loading and can be explained by the Langmuir theory resulting in a purification efficiency at the equilibrium of close to 99.5% in this loading regime.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.134-134
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• 2010

Ga-In-Zn-O 물질은 비정질상태에서 높은 전하 운동성을 가지고 있으며 차세대 투명전극 thin film transistor 대안 소재로 각광받고 있다. 그런데 이 물질은 ion sputtering에 따라 전기적인 특성에 큰 변화가 관찰되고 있으며, 이는 표면에서의 화학적 상태가 전기적 특성을 좌우할 것이라는 것을 의미한다. 또한 보다 안정적이고 신뢰적인 소자를 구현하기 위해서는 ion sputtering에 의한 표면에서의 화학적 특성 변화를 이해하는 것이 매우 중요하다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구에서는 $Ga_2O_3:In_2O_3$:ZnO의 비율이 각각 1:1:1, 2:2:1, 3:2:1 그리고 4:2:1인 시료를 $Ne^+$이온을 이용하여 sputtering하면서 표면에 민감한 분광분석 기법인 x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy와 x-ray absorption spectroscopy를 이용하여 분광정보의 변화들을 연구하였다. 실험에 의하면, Ga 3d의 양에 비해서 In 4d, Zn 3d의 양은 sputtering 시간에 따라서 각 각 양이 줄어들었으며, 전체적으로 보다 산화가가 높은 경향을 보였으며, valence band maximum 근처에 subgap state를 형성하는 것을 관찰하였다. 또한 sputtering을 계속하는 경우 In 3d, In 4d, 및 Fermi energy 근처에 metallic state가 형성되는 것을 관찰하였다. 이러한 subgap state와 metallic state의 관측은 각기 sputtering에 따라서, 아직 명확하지는 않지만, surface state의 형성 및/혹은 oxygen interstitial의 형성 그리고 metallic In의 형성 및/혹은 oxygen defect의 형성이 이루어지는 것을 의미한다.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.85-85
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• 2017

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is an independent, non-governmental international organization with a membership of 163 national standards bodies (NSB). The ISO standards are developed and processed within the technical committees (TC) or their subcommittees (SC) dealing with the different subject matters. The first technical committee, ISO/TC1, deals with screw threads and was created back in 1947. While, more recently, TC 309 was created to standardize organizational governance. The ISO technical committee in the field of metallic coatings was created in 1962 with the title ISO/TC107- Metallic and other inorganic coatings. This ISO/TC107 technical committee is dealing with the standardization of the characteristics of protective and decorative metallic coatings applied by electrolysis, fusion, vacuum or chemical means, mechanical deposition and ion plating. similarly, it also covers the standardization of the characteristics of protective and decorative non-metallic coatings (excluding paints and other organic coatings) on metal surface applied by electrolysis, fusion, vacuum or chemical means. Scope is further extended to the Standardization of the preparation of the substrates prior to the deposition of metallic and inorganic coatings. There are a total of 144 existing ISO standards published by this technical committee and has 19 participating countries (P-members) and 24 observing countries (O-members). Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS), being the secretariat of ISO/TC107, is constantly supporting this technical committee for the development of standards and related activities.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.10-10
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• 2001

The Purpose of this study was to investigate spectrophotometric characteristics of Korean knotweed extracts. The properties were evaluated by it′s extracting solvent, effect of metallic ion, variations of pH values and effect of light exposure. The results were as following; The highest absorbance was found in methanol extract of Korean knotweed, while the lowest absorbance was carbon tetrachloride extract. The UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed colors in several solvents showed hypsochromic shift of n-π/sup ＊/ transition with the polarity of solvent. Absorbance and peak of UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed colors became lower and broader by addition of metallic ion. The light stability in irradiation with xenon ]amp of the color solution with Cu were higher than those of Al and Fe. The UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed extracts in various pH values showed bathochromic shift under alkaline condition, and their peaks disappeared after 5 hours exposure.