• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.70-77
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• 2015

This paper describes the experimental results obtained from various installation conditions of cascaded metal oxide varistor(MOV)-based SPDs with the objectives to analyze the coordination of the cascaded surge protective devices(SPDs) and to propose the proper selection and installation methods of the cascaded SPDs. The residual voltage, discharge current and energy sharing between the upstream and downstream SPDs in the $10/350{\mu}s$ direct lightning current wave were measured and discussed. The coordination of cascaded MOV-based SPDs is closely related to the varistor voltage and installation methods of SPDs. In cascaded SPDs without dedicated decoupling elements, the natural impedance of leads connecting two SPDs can act as a decoupler for the coordination of MOV-based SPDs. Even if the varistor voltage of the upstream SPD is higher than that of the downstream SPD at long distances between two SPDs, the energy coordination of cascaded SPDs could effectively be fulfilled in the conditions of large surge currents and the optimum voltage protection level can be achieved. Consequently, if the distance between voltage limiting type SPDs is long, the coordination of the cascaded SPDs should be determined by taking into account the decoupling effects due to the intrinsic inductance of leads connecting the upstream and downstream SPDs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.336-337
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• 2005

ZnO varistor ceramics were fabricated as a function of the amount of $Y_2O_3$ addition and sintered at $1250^{\circ}C$ for 2 hour. The average grain size was decreased from 14.2 ${\mu}m$ to 8.3 ${\mu}m$ with the amount of $Y_2O_3$ addition, and varistor voltage was increased from 433 V to 563 V with $Y_2O_3$ addition. Nonlinear coefficient a of all specimens were increased with the amount of $Y_2O_3$ more than 67, in case of $Y_2O_3$ 0.01wt% addition showed the excellent results of 87. And leakage current was less than $1{\mu}A$ at 82% of varistor voltage. The clamping voltage ratio of the specimens added 0.01wt% $Y_2O_3$ was 1.41 at 25A [8/20${\mu}s$]. At the specimen 0.01wt% $Y_2O_3$ addition. endurance of surge current and deviation of varistor voltage were 5700A/$cm^2$ and $\Delta$-2.86%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.96-101
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• 2012

A surge protection device of the metal oxide varistor(MOV) has been commonly used for preventing electrical damage in many electronic equipments. The MOV has a property that leakage current is increased and might be permanently damaged when it is exposed continuously to the electrical stresses such as lightening surges. In this paper, we propose a novel surge protection circuit adopting a silicon controlled rectifier(SCR) in the traditional protection circuits using the MOV device simultaneously. When lightning surges are injected to the proposed circuit, the MOV lets the surge pulses bypassing through the ground at first up to the level that SCR begins to operate. Above the threshold level of turning on the SCR, the SCR operates bypasses large surge currents to the ground. Proposed circuit was verified with a leakage current experiment and PSpice circuit simulations under the repeated surge injection environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.214-220
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• 1998

ZnO varistors are characterized by the features of excellent nonlinearity and surge withstand capability. In this paper, in order to investigate the use of ZnO varistor as surge absorption device in low voltage, metal oxide material($TiO_2$) was selected as control material of grain growth. Samples of ZnO varistors were fabricated with varying the contents, and then the microstructures and V-I characteristics were measured. It was observed by SEM that the mean grain size increased with the increase of the additive. From the measurement of V-I characteristics, it was observed that according to the increase of the quantity of $TiO_2$ as additive, the operating voltage was lowered.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07c
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• pp.1822-1824
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• 1996

Damage and upset of control and communication equipment due to transient overvoltages which occur due primarily to internal switching surge and external lightning surge are an important problems in electromagnetic compatibility(EMC). In this paper, we analyzed operation characteristic of metal oxide varistor widely used low voltage AC line using the electromagnetic transients program(EMTP) and compare it with experimental results and also, we modeled combination generator producing $1.2/50{\mu}s$ open circuit voltage and $8/20{\mu}s$ short circuit current as a source which is critical in calculating operation characteristic. Simulation results showed that most of Transient energy consumes at MOV located in service entrance side than load side, and it showed similar to experimental results. Therefore, entrance side MOV should be selected more energy capacity than that of load side MOV.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.41-46
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• 2019

The application of series compensator in a power system affects other devices such as circuit breakers transient recovery voltage (TRV) problem. In this paper, we analyze the TRV effect on a line circuit breaker in the cases with and without thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) via simulation, and suggest an effective method to overcome the increase of TRV due to the TCSC installation. It also discusses the impact of proposed protection on metal oxide varistor (MOV). A 345 kV transmission line in Korea was selected as a study case. Grid system was modelled using PSCAD (Power Systems Computer Aided Design) / EMTDC(Electro Magnetic Transient Direct Current). The TRV was analyzed by implementing a short circuit fault along the transmission line and at the breaker terminal. The proposed protection scheme, the TRV satisfies the standard. However, the MOV energy capacity increased as the delay time increased. This result can solve the TRV problem caused by the expected transmission line fault in a practical power system.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.420-424
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• 2004

The microstructure and electrical properties of $ZnO-Pr_{6}$$O_{11}$ $-CoO-Y_2$$O_3$-based varistors were investigated with and without various metal oxide additives (NiO, MgO, and $Cr_2$$O_3$). The addition of NiO promoted the grain growth while that of Cr$_2$O$_3$ decreased average grain size. Thereby, the varistor voltage was higher in $Cr_2$$O_3$-added composition. Among $ZnO-Pr_{6}$ $O_{11}$ /$-CoO-Y_2$$O_3$-based varistors, the$ Cr_2$$O_3$-added varistor exhibited the highest nonlinear exponent (51.2), the lowest leakage current (1.3 $\mu$A), and the lowest dielectric dissipation factor (0.0433).

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.317-322
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• 2015

The metal oxide varistor (MOV) is a major component of the surge protection devices (SPDs) currently in use. The device is judged to be faulty when fatigue caused by the continuous inflow of lightning accumulates and reaches the damage limit. In many cases, induced lightning resulting from lightning strikes flows in to the device several times per second in succession. Therefore, the frequency or the rate at which the SPD is actually exposed to stress, called a surge, is outside the range of human perception. For this reason, the protective device should be replaced if it actually approaches the end of its life even though it is not faulty at present, currently no basis exists for making the judgment of remaining lifetime. Up to now, the life of an MOV has been predicted solely based on the number of inflow surges, irrespective of the magnitude of the surge current or the amount of energy that has flowed through the device. In this study, nonlinear data that shows the damage to an MOV depending on the count of surge and the amount of input current were collected through a high-voltage test. Then, a failure prediction algorithm was proposed by preparing a look-up table using the results of the test. The proposed method was experimentally verified using an impulse surge generator

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.75-79
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• 2011

The MOV(Metal Oxide Varistor), a voltage limiting element, has been installed in the SPD(Surge Protective Device) or inside the internal circuit of an electronic appliance for protection of the electric power system and electronic device against electrical surge. Such an MOV is exposed, however, to the risk of the thermal runaway resulting from excessive voltage and deterioration. In this paper, a reciprocal action has been tested and analyzed using a phosphorus bronze switching module and the low-temperature solder. And a short current break characteristic test linked with the circuit breaker has been performed to limit the inrush current when the MOV breaks down. It has been proven that the phosphorus bronze switching module installed inside the internal circuit can improve the safety of the power line system and the electronic device.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1035-1040
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• 2005

This paper deals with the design rule and performance results of the surge protective devices (SPDs) for low-voltage mains on shipboard. The proposed SPDs consists of a metal oxide varistors (MOV) and a L-C filter to improve noise-elimination performance. Three kinds of SPDs are fabricated and tested by using a combination surge generator which produce the standard impulse current of 8/20${\mu}s$ 2.1kA. As a results, the proposed SPDs with series L-C filter have more excellent transient blocking and noise reduction performance than the conventional ones.