• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.1044-1054
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• 2023

Growing evidence indicates a crucial role of the gut microbiota in physiological functions. Gut-brain axis imbalance has also been associated with neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Studies have suggested that probiotics regulate the stress response and alleviate mood-related symptoms. In this study, we investigated the effects of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC3201 (L3201) on the behavioral response and fecal metabolite content in an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) mouse model. Our study shows that chronic stress in mice for three weeks resulted in significant changes in behavior, including lower locomotor activity, higher levels of anxiety, and depressive-like symptoms, compared to the control group. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that disrupted fecal metabolites associated with aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis by UCMS were restored with the administration of L3201. Oral administration of the L3201 ameliorated the observed changes and improved the behavioral alterations along with fecal metabolites, suggesting that probiotics play a neuroprotective role.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제66권
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

Dendranthema zawadskii is a one of the popular plants as native in South Korea. In this study, linarin was isolated and purified using silica-gel, Diaion, and Sephadex LH-20 from the aerial parts of D. zawadskii. The chemical structure was completely identified through spectroscopic data including 1D, 2D nucleic magnetic resonance, and HRFABMS. Furthermore, linarin inhibited the bacterial neuraminidase (BNA) activity with 13.5 μM of IC₅₀ dose-dependently. Through the enzyme kinetic experiments, linarin as BNA inhibitor exhibited a typical noncompetitive inhibition mode which K_m was contestant and V_max decreased as the concentration of the inhibitor increased. It was further identified that the inhibition constant was 16.0 μM. Linarin was the most abundance metabolite in the aerial part of D. zawadskii extract by UHPLC-TOF/MS analysis. Therefore, D. zawadskii and its main component are expected that it can be effectively used for the infection and inflammation caused by bacteria.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.455-461
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• 2018

Deoxynivalenol (DON), a Fusarium mycotoxin, causes health hazards for both humans and livestock. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic profiles of the liver, serum, and urine of piglets fed DON using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ($^1H-NMR$) spectroscopy. The $^1H-NMR$ spectra of the liver, serum, and urine samples of the piglets provided with feed containing 8 mg DON/kg for 4 weeks were aligned and identified using the icoshift algorithm of MATLAB $R^2013b$. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis and by MetaboAnalyst 4.0. The DON-treated groups exhibited discriminating metabolites in the three different sample types. Metabolic profiling by $^1H-NMR$ spectroscopy revealed potential metabolites including lactate, glucose, taurine, alanine, glycine, glutamate, creatine, and glutamine upon mycotoxin exposure (variable importance in the projection, VIP > 1). Forty-six metabolites selected from the principal component analysis (PCA) helped to predict sixty-five pathways in the DON-treated piglets using metabolite sets containing at least two compounds. The DON treatment catalyzed the citrate synthase reactions which led to an increase in the acetate and a decrease in the glucose concentrations. Therefore, our findings suggest that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, ATP synthase, and pyruvate carboxylase should be considered important in piglets fed DON contaminated feed. Metabolomics analysis could be a powerful method for the discovery of novel indicators underlying mycotoxin treatments.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.200-200
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• 2017

Salinity stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses and severely impairs plant growth and production. Root is the first site for nutrient accumulation like as $Na^+$ in the plant. To investigate the response of wheat root under salinity stress, we executed the characterization of morphology and analysis of metabolites. Wheat seeds cv. Keumgang (Korean cultivar) were grown on the moist filter paper in Petri dish. After 5 days, seedlings were transferred to hydroponic apparatus at 1500 LUX light intensity, at $20^{\circ}C$ with 70% relative humidity in a growth chamber. Seedlings (5-day-old) were exposed to 50mM, 75mM, 100mM NaCl for 5 days. Ten-day-old seedlings were used for morphological characterization and metabolite analysis. Root and leaf length became shorter in high NaCl concentration compared to following NaCl treatment. For confirmation of salt accumulation, wheat roots were stained with $CoroNa^+$ Green AM, and fluoresce, and the image was taken by confocal microscopy. $Na^+$ ion accumulation rate was higher at 100mM compared to the untreated sample. Furthermore, to analyze metabolites in the wheat root, samples were extracted by $D_2O$ solvent, and extracted sample was analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Fourteen metabolites were identified in wheat roots using NMR spectroscopy. Methanol and ethanol were up-regulated, whereas formate, aspartate, aminobutyrate, acetate and valine were down-regulated under salinity stress on roots of wheat. Fumarate had no change, while glucose, betaine, choline, glutamate and lactate were unevenly affected during salinity stress.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.419-424
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 LC-MS/MS를 이용한 블루베리의 methanol과 ethyl acetate 추출 분획에 존재하는 대사체의 분석을 통해 효율적인 대사체 profiling의 가능성을 탐색하였다. LC-MS/MS에서 검출되는 대사체를 통계 처리한 결과, methanol 추출 분획에서는 5-O-feruloylquinic acid, malvidin hexoside, malvidin-3-arabinoside, petunidin-3-arabinoside, delphinidin hexoside, delphinidin, petunidin hexoside와 같은 안토시아닌 계열의 화합물들이 존재하였고, ethyl acetate 분획에서는 chlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid dimer, 6,8-di-C-arabinopyranosylluteolin, luteolin과 같은 플라보노이드 계열의 화합물이 검출되었다. 본 연구는 기존 연구와 달리 대사체학 기법을 이용한 블루베리 추출물 전체 대사물질의 profiling을 시도한 최초의 연구로서 블루베리에 함유된 유용 성분의 스크리닝 등 향후 응용 연구에 유용한 기반으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1948-1956
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to reveal the metabolic shift in the fungus cocultured with the methanogen (Methanobrevibacter thaueri). Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to investigate the metabolites in anaerobic fungal (Pecoramyces sp. F1) cells and the supernatant. Results: A total of 104 and 102 metabolites were detected in the fungal cells and the supernatant, respectively. The partial least squares-discriminant analysis showed that the metabolite profiles in both the fungal cell and the supernatant were distinctly shifted when co-cultured with methanogen. Statistically, 16 and 30 metabolites were significantly (p<0.05) affected in the fungal cell and the supernatant, respectively by the co-cultured methanogen. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that co-culturing with methanogen reduced the production of lactate from pyruvate in the cytosol and increased metabolism in the hydrogenosomes of the anaerobic fungus. Citrate was accumulated in the cytosol of the fungus co-cultured with the methanogen. Conclusion: The co-culture of the anaerobic fungus and the methanogen is a good model for studying the microbial interaction between H₂-producing and H₂-utilizing microorganisms. However, metabolism in hydrogenosome needs to be further studied to gain better insight in the hydrogen transfer among microorganisms.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2016

Plant growth promoting (PGP) hormones, which are produced in a small quantity by bacteria, affect in plant growth and development. PGPs play an important role on the crop productivity in agricultural field. In this study, a photosynthetic bacterial strain producing the PGP was isolated from paddy soil. Bacterial isolate was gram negative, rod-shaped and motility positive. From the 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was identified as Rhodobacter capsulatus PS-2. The mass cultivation of R. capsulatus PS-2 was optimized by considering of the carbon, nitrogen and inorganic salt sources. Optimal medium composition was determined as Na-succinate 4.5 g, yeast extract 5 g, $K_2HPO_4$ 1 g, $MgSO_4$ 5 g, per liter. From the result of 500 L fermentation for 2 days using the optimal medium, the viable cells were $8.7{\times}10^9cfu/mL$. R. capsulatus PS-2 strain produced the carotenoid and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The carotenoid extraction and quantitative analysis were performed by HCl-assisting method. Total carotenoid contents from R. capsulatus PS-2 culture broth were measured as $7.02{\pm}0.04$ and $6.93{\pm}0.05mg/L$ under photoheterotrophic and chemoheterotrophic conditions, respectively. To measure the productivity of IAA, colorimetric method was employed using Salkowski reagent at optical density 535 nm. The results showed that the highest content of IAA was $197.44{\pm}5.92mg/L$ in the optimal medium supplemented with 0.3% tryptophan.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.952-957
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• 2008

A Gram-negative bacterium, named LY402, was isolated from contaminated soil. 16S rDNA sequencing and measurement of the physiological and biochemical characteristics identified it as belonging to the genus Enterohacter. Degradation experiments showed that LY402 had the ability to aerobically transform 79 of the 91 major congeners of Aroclor 1242, 1254, and 1260. However, more interestingly, the strain readily degraded certain highly chlorinated and recalcitrant polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Almost all the tri- and tetra-chlorobiphenyls (CBs), except for 3,4,3',4'-CB, were degraded in 3 days, whereas 73% of 3,4,3',4'-, 92% of the penta-, 76% of the hexa-, and 37% of the hepta-CBs were transformed after 6 days. In addition, among 12 octa-CBs, 2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6-CB was obviously degraded, and 2,2',3,3',4,5,6,6'- and 2,2',3,3',4,5,5',6'-CB were slightly transformed. In a metabolite analysis, mono- and dichlorobenzoic acids (CBAs) were identified, and parts of them were also transformed by strain LY402. Analysis of PCB degradation indicated that strain LY402 could effectively degrade PCB congeners with chlorine substitutions in both ortho- and para-positions. Consequently, this is the first report of an Enterobacteria that can efficiently degrade both low and highly chlorinated PCBs under aerobic conditions.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2019

Zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) is a coordination complex of zinc and has been used widely as an anti-dandruff agent in shampoos. Many shampoos contain both ZnPT and EDTA, a chelating agent speculated to increase ZnPT absorption, thereby raising concerns about neurotoxicity. Here, we investigated the effect of EDTA on ZnPT absorption by direct comparison of ZnPT and pyrithione (PT) concentrations in shampoo formulations, and by pharmacokinetic analysis of ZnPT, PT, and 2-methanesulfonylpyridine (MSP), the main ZnPT metabolite, in rat plasma or urine following exposure to shampoo containing ZnPT alone or a combination of ZnPT and EDTA. Approximately 17.3% of ZnPT was converted to PT by the addition of EDTA in the shampoo formulation. Plasma ZnPT and PT concentrations were not measured up to 24 hr after treatment with shampoo containing 1% ZnPT or 1% ZnPT + 2% EDTA in all rats. However, PT amount in 24-hr urine sample, MSP concentration in plasma, and MSP amount in 24-hr urine sample were approximately 4-, 2.6-, and 2.7-fold higher, respectively, in the 1% ZnPT + 2% EDTA shampoo group than in the 1% ZnPT shampoo group. As confirmed by the formulation analysis and in vivo pharmacokinetic analysis, the exposure of ZnPT could be increased by the absorption of PT due to partial dissociation of ZnPT into PT.

• Journal of Rheumatic Diseases
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.192-202
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• 2017

Objective. Rebampide is a gastroprotective agent used to treat gastritis. It possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritis effects, but the mechanisms of these effects are not well understood. The objective of this study was to explore mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of rebamipide in inflammatory arthritis. Methods. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in DBA/1J mice. DBA/1J mice were immunized with chicken type II collagen, then treated intraperitoneally with rebamipide (10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg) or vehicle (10% carboxymethylcellulose solution) alone. Seven weeks later, plasma samples were collected. Plasma metabolic profiles were analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics study and metabolite biomarkers were identified through multivariate data analysis. Results. Low dose rebamipide treatment reduced the clinical arthritis score compared with vehicle treatment, whereas high dose rebamipide in CIA aggravated arthritis severity. Based on multivariate analysis, 17 metabolites were identified. The plasma levels of metabolites associated with fatty acids and phospholipid metabolism were significantly lower with rebamipide treatment than with vehicle. The levels of $15-deoxy-^{{\Delta}12,14}$ prostaglandin J2 and thromboxane B3 decreased only in high dose-treated groups. Certain peptide molecules, including enterostatin (VPDPR) enterostatin and bradykinin dramatically increased in rebamipide-treated groups at both doses. Additionally, corticosterone increased in the low dose-treated group and decreased in the high dose-treated group. Conclusion. Metabolomics analysis revealed the anti-inflammatory effects of rebamipide and suggested the potential of the drug repositioning in metabolism- and lipid-associated diseases.