• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2024

27-Hydroxycholesterol (27OHChol), a prominent cholesterol metabolite present in the bloodstream and peripheral tissues, is a kind of immune oxysterol that elicits immune response. Recent research indicates the involvement of 27OHChol in metabolic inflammation (meta-inflammation) characterized by chronic responses associated with metabolic irregularities. 27OHChol activates monocytic cells such that they secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and increase the expression of cell surface molecules such as pattern-recognition receptors that play key roles in immune cell-cell communication and sensing metabolism-associated danger signals. Levels of 27OHChol increase when cholesterol metabolism is disrupted, and the resulting inflammatory responses can contribute to the development and complications of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. Since 27OHChol can induce chronic immune response by activating monocyte-macrophage lineage cells that play a crucial role in meta-inflammation, it is essential to understand the 27OHChol-induced inflammatory responses to unravel the roles and mechanisms of action of this cholesterol metabolite in chronic metabolic disorders.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2024

The treatment of obesity and its comorbidities ranges from clinical management involving lifestyle changes and medications to bariatric and metabolic surgery. Various endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies recently emerged to address an important therapeutic gap by offering a less invasive alternative to surgery that is more effective than conservative therapies. This article comprehensively reviews the technical aspects, mechanism of action, outcomes, and future perspectives of one of the most promising endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies, named duodenojejunal bypass liner. The duodenojejunal bypass liner mimics the mechanism of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass by preventing food contact with the duodenum and proximal jejunum, thereby initiating a series of hormonal changes that lead to delayed gastric emptying and malabsorptive effects. These physiological changes result in significant weight loss and improved metabolic control, leading to better glycemic levels, preventing dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and mitigating cardiovascular risk. However, concern exists regarding the safety profile of this device due to the reported high rates of severe adverse events, particularly liver abscesses. Ongoing technical changes aiming to reduce adverse events are being evaluated in clinical trials and may provide more reliable data to support its routine use in clinical practice.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2013

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the gender differences in the relationship between alcohol use behaviors and the risk of metabolic syndrome among Korean adult population. Methods: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (5th, 2010) was analyzed. Using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, subjects were classified into 4 groups including non-drinking, low-risk drinking, medium-level alcohol problem, and high-level alcohol problem group. Metabolic syndrome and its components were compared among the alcohol behavior groups by gender. Results: The odds ratio vs. non-drinking group for metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in male medium and high-level alcohol problem group. In female, high-level alcohol problem group showed significantly higher odds ratio for metabolic syndrome. Blood pressure and HDL-cholesterol were likely to be higher with the excessive drinking behaviors in both men and woman. Triglyceride level in men was significantly higher in the medium and high-level alcohol problem group than non-drinking group. Although fasting glucose level did not show differences among drinking groups, the odd ratios vs. non-drinking group for the hyperglycemia (${\geq}$ 100mg/dl) were significantly higher in female drinking groups. Conclusions: Problematic alcohol drinking is likely to increase the risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2021

Metabolic syndrome (MBS) is a widespread disease that has strongly related to unhealthy diet and low physical activity, which initiate more serious conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of morin, as one of the flavonoids constituents, which widely exists in many herbs and fruits, against some metabolic and hepatic manifestations observed in MBS rats and the feasible related mechanisms. MBS was induced in rats by high fructose diet feeding for 12 weeks. Morin (30 mg/kg) was administered orally to both normal and MBS rats for 4 weeks. Liver tissues were used for determination of liver index, hepatic expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) as well as both inflammatory and fibrotic markers. The fat/muscle ratio, metabolic parameters, systolic blood pressure, and oxidative stress markers were also determined. Our data confirmed that the administration of morin in fructose diet rats significantly reduced the elevated systolic blood pressure. The altered levels of metabolic parameters such as blood glucose, serum insulin, serum lipid profile, and oxidative stress markers were also reversed approximately to the normal values. In addition, morin treatment decreased liver index, serum liver enzyme activities, and fat/muscle ratio. Furthermore, morin relatively up-regulated GLUT2 expression, however, down-regulated NF-κB, TNF-α, and TGF-β expressions in the hepatic tissues. Here, we revealed that morin has an exquisite effect against metabolic disorders in the experimental model through, at least in part, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic mechanisms.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.478-484
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• 2007

Purpose: Multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL) is a relatively rare disorder characterized by presence of multiple, symmetric, nonencapsulated fat masses in face, neck, shoulder and other areas. There has been only a few cases reported in Korea. The main purpose of this research is to examine the Korean patients to see what kinds of special characteristics occurred due to this disease and to decide the proper treatment.Methods: A total of 16 patients were evaluated retrospectively. 5 patients were treated at our hospital. The other patients were reviewed from literature. We analyzed the biological characters of patients, location of fat deposit, morphologic characters of patients, clinical evidence of neuropathy, associated metabolic disorders and treatment modality.Results: All cases were male patient. The mean age of onset was 47.43 years. All patients were moderate to heavy alcoholics. The most common location of fat deposition was posterior neck and abdomen. In neurologic exam of 9 patients, 5 patients showed muscle weakness, tremor, pain and autonomic nerve dysfunction. In metabolic studies of 9 patients, total cholesterol values were higher in 1 patient. A glucose tolerance test was abnormal in 1 patient. In treatment modality, 14 patients were treated with surgical resection, 1 patient was treated with liposuction and surgical excision, 1 patient was treated only with liposuction. Conclusion: To treat MSL patients successfully, we should concentrate not only on the removal of the fatty tissue but also on neurologic abnormities, metabolic disorders and associated diseases.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.95-98
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• 2018

미토콘드리아 질환은 단일 장기에서부터 여러 장기에 걸쳐 침범할 수 있다는 임상 증상의 광범위한 이질성이 특징이다. 안검하수, 색소 망막 퇴화, 외안근 마미, 시신경 위축 등과 같은 다양한 안구 증상이 미토콘드리아 질환에서 함께 나타날 수 있지만, 진행성 양안 백내장은 미토콘드리아 질환의 안과적 증상에서 매우 드물다. 저자들은 미토콘드리아 호흡 연쇄 복합체 결핍 환자에서 흔치 않은 안구 발현 현상인 진행성 양안 백내장 침범 사례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2021

Objective: To explore the molecular mechanisms of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in laying hens, an experiment was conducted to reveal the differences in histopathological observation and gene expression between FLHS group and normal group. Methods: We compared the histopathological difference using hematoxylin and eosin staining and proceeded with RNA sequencing of adipose tissue to search differentially expressed genes and enriched biological processes and pathways. Then we validated the mRNA expression levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction and quantified protein levels in the circulation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: We identified 100 differentially expressed transcripts corresponding to 66 genes (DEGs) were identified between FLHS-affected group and normal group. Seven DEGs were significantly enriched in the immune response process and lipid metabolic process, including phospholipase A2 group V, WAP kunitz and netrin domain containing 2, delta 4-desaturase sphingolipid 2, perilipin 3, interleukin-6 (IL-6), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). And these genes could be the targets of immune response and be involved in metabolic homeostasis during the process of FLHS in laying hens. Based on functional categories of the DEGs, we further proposed a model to explain the etiology and pathogenesis of FLHS. IL-6 and SOCS3 mediate inflammatory responses and the satiety hormone of leptin, induce dysfunction of Jak-STAT signaling pathway, leading to insulin resistance and lipid metabolic disorders. Conversely, CNTF may reduce tissue destruction during inflammatory attacks and confer protection from inflammation-induced insulin resistance in FLHS chickens. Conclusion: These findings highlight the therapeutic implications of targeting the JAK-STAT pathway. Inhibition of IL6 and SOCS3 and facilitation of CNTF could serve as a favorable strategy to enhance insulin action and improve glucose homoeostasis, which are of importance for treating obesity-related disorders for chickens.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.339-343
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• 2011

젖소에서 쌍태분만이 이후의 산후질병 발생, 도태, 번식능력에 대한 영향과 쌍태분만에 대한 위험요인을 조사하였다. 9개 목장 1,717 분만축의 번식, 위생 및 분만관련 상세 자료가 분석에 이용되었다. 쌍태 분만율은 3.4%였으며, 임신기간은 쌍태분만 시에 단태분만 시에 비해 9일 단축되었다($270.6{\pm}2.0$ vs. $279.5{\pm}0.2$일, P < 0.01). 쌍태분만 시가 후산정체(47.5 vs. 16.0%), 대사성질병(18.6 vs. 3.8%) 및 자궁내막염의 발생(62.7 vs. 28.2%)뿐만 아니라 도태율(32.2 vs. 16.5%)이 단태분만 시에 비해 현저하게 증가되었다(P < 0.01). 쌍태분만은 분만으로부터 임신까지의 간격에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 분만계절이 영향을 미쳤는데, 즉 봄에 분만 시가 겨울에 분만 시에 비해 임신율이 감소되었으며(AHR = 0.80; P = 0.01), 또한 자궁내막염의 발생이 임신율의 감소를 초래하였다(AHR = 0.46, P < 0.01). 로지스틱 분석은 산차의 증가(P < 0.01)와 수태 전 번식호르몬의 사용(OR = 1.84, P < 0.05)이 쌍태분만의 위험요인임을 나타내었다. 결론적으로, 젖소에서 쌍태분만은 산후질병 발생과 도태의 증가에 의한 심한 경제적 손실을 초래하므로, 쌍태분만에 대한 적절한 관리 및 고산차 소 및 번식호르몬 사용에 대한 적절한 통제를 통한 위험요인을 감소시키는 것이 요구된다.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2016

3-Methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA-uria)는 임상적 및 유전적으로 다양한 대사질환들을 총칭하는 질환군이다. 대부분의 경우 소변에서 3-MGA가 약간 증가되어 있거나 다른 대사물질이 같이 분비되는 경우에는 다른 대사질환이나 미토콘드리아 질환 등을 감별해야 한다. 그러나 지속적이며 반복적으로 소변 유기산 분석에서 3-MGA가 40-1,000 mmol/mol creatinine으로 상승되어 있는 경우에는 3-MGA-uria를 일으키는 질환을 감별해야 한다. 3-MGA-uria는 5가지 타입의 질환으로 분류되어 있고 Leucine 대사 질환인 일차성 3-MGA-uria와 4가지의 미토콘드리아 이상질환이 포함되어 있으며 임상적 및 생화학적 소견은 다양하게 나타날 수 있다. 일차성 3-MGA-uria인 3-methyl-glutaconyl-CoA hydratase 결핍증 환자에서는 소변의 3-MGA가 다른 질환군에 비해 많이 증가되어 있고 소변에서 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid가 분비되는 것이 감별점이라 할 수 있다. 다른 종류의 3-MGA-uria의 경우에는 대개 임상적으로 잘 분류가 되어 있는 Barth 증후군, Costeff 증후군, TMEM 70 결핍, MEGDEL 증후군, and DCMA 증후군 등이 포함되어 있어 시신경 검사, 심장초음파 검사 및 발달 검사 등을 통하여 감별진단에 이를 수 있다. 이에 본 종설에서는 선별검사를 통해 3-MGA-uria가 양성이 나온 환자들의 적절한 진단 및 치료를 위한 지침을 제시하고자 한다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

Objective : "Dochangbup" is one of the therapies that remove pathogenic qi[邪氣] from the Emetic Method in the Miscellaneous Disorders part of Dongeuibogam東醫寶鑑. It is, in particular, the method of treatment that removes phlegm[痰], the cause of various disorders. Method : Application of "Dochangbup" had a long history in Korea as well. The meaning and application of "Dochangbup" are mentioned in various texts from early Chosun dynasty to the post liberation. Result : In China, there are a lot of medical texts by physicians throughout Ming and Qing Dynasty, with GeZhiYuLun格致餘論 at the top of the list, dealing with the meaning and applicable scope of "Dochang" method and pharmacy of "Hacheongo霞天膏". Most of the physicians are affiliated with Dan Xi School, regarding ZhudanXi朱丹溪 as a suzerain. In "Dongeuibogam", it is mentioned that "Dochangbup" can treat various disorders caused by phlegm. Though, when there is a possibility of harming original qi[元氣] during the treatment or grave deficiency in patients, it is requested to consider tonifying while purging. Conclusion : "Dochangbup" can be applied not only to the disorders mentioned in classical medical texts, like heart pain[心痛], leg disease[脚氣], urine turbidity[小便濁], involuntary discharge of semen[遺精], cough[咳嗽], blood spitting[喀血], but also to metabolic syndrome such as obesity, hypertention and diabetes, commonly found in the modern era.