• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.493-499
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• 2019

Macrophage-associated inflammation is crucial for the pathogenesis of diverse diseases including metabolic disorders. Rhodanthpyrone (Rho) is an active component of Gentiana rhodantha, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammation. Although synthesis procedures of RhoA and RhoB were reported, the biological effects of the specific compounds have never been explored. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanisms of action of RhoA and RhoB were studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Pretreatment with RhoA and RhoB decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions in RAW 264.7 cells and in thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages. In addition, it downregulated transcript levels of several inflammatory genes in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, including inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (Tnfa, Il6, and Ccl2) and inflammatory mediators (Nos2 and Ptgs2). Macrophage chemotaxis was also inhibited by treatment with the compounds. Mechanistic studies revealed that RhoA and RhoB suppressed the nuclear factor $(NF)-{\kappa}B$ pathway, but not the canonical mitogen activated protein kinase pathway, in LPS-stimulated condition. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of RhoA and RhoB on inflammatory gene expressions was attenuated by treatment with an $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitor. Our findings suggest that RhoA and RhoB play an anti-inflammatory role at least in part by suppressing the $NF-{\kappa}B$ pathway during macrophage-mediated inflammation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.561-569
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• 2021

본 연구를 통하여 블랙커런트 추출물의 섭취가 제 2형 당뇨동물 모델인 db/db 마우스에서 혈당 개선 및 사구체 확장, 신장 섬유증, 염증을 억제하여 당뇨병성 신병증을 개선했다는 것을 입증했다. 제 2형 당뇨병 db/db 마우스에서 블랙커런트 추출물의 섭취가 인슐린 저항성 및 신장 기능 장애와 같은 당뇨병 관련 대사 장애를 개선하고, 당뇨병성 신병증에 있어 신장 염증 및 신장 섬유증을 현저하게 약화시켰다는 것을 보여주었다. 결론적으로, 이러한 연구 결과는 블랙커런트 추출물이 신장 섬유증, 염증 및 이에 따른 당뇨병성 신병증의 예방에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다는 증거를 제공한다. 따라서 당뇨병 관련 신기능 장애에 대한 블랙커런트 추출물의 보호 역할은 당뇨병성 신병증 개선 건강성 식품 개발에 대한 새로운 통찰력을 제공 할 수 있다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2021

고지방 식이로 고지혈증과 산화적 스트레스를 유도한 생쥐에서 메밀식이섬유의 개선 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 고지방 식이와 함께 메밀식이섬유(저농도, 500 mg/kg; 고농도, 1,000 mg/kg)를 제공한 그룹의 체중은 고지방 식이만 제공한 그룹과 비교하여 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 또한 메밀식이섬유를 제공한 그룹의 지질프로파일 개선 효과는 저농도에서 고농도로 용량 의존적으로 관찰되었다. 혈청 지질 프로파일과 인슐린, 포도당 및 유리 지방산의 수준은 메밀식이섬유 제공으로 유의하게 감소한 반면, HDL-C와 디포넥틴은 유의하게 증가했다(p<0.05). 한편, 고지방 식이만 제공한 그룹과 비교하여 메밀식이섬유 제공으로 혈청 말론다이알데히드(MDA) 수준이 농도 의존적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 결과적으로 메밀식이섬유의 섭취는 이상지질혈증과 산화 스트레스를 개선함으로써 비만과 관련 대사 장애를 예방할 수 있을 것으로 기대할 수 있었다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2018

Purpose : Cachexia, is a complex metabolic syndrome associated with underlying illness and characterized by loss of muscle with or without loss of fat mass. Patients with cachxia shows various symptoms including fatigue, anxiety, pain, sleep disorders, and poor appetite. Medications therapy, dietary and exercise therapy, and emotional support are recommended to treat patients with cachexia. However, evidence-based research verifying the role of exercise therapy in patients with cachexia is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of therapeutic exercise on fatigue and anxiety in patients with cachexia. Methods : Case report. A 29-year-old woman was diagnosed with cachexia. Following 2 weeks of inpatient and 4 weeks of out-patient treatment. we assessed her weight, as well as pain, fatigue, and anxiety level. As an the patient exercised for an hour 5 times a week for 2 weeks,-and during the outpatient visit, she exercised for an hour twice a week for 4 weeks. Her weight was measured using a weighting scale. Pain was assessed using the visual analog scale, and fatigue and anxiety levels were assessed using questionnaires. Results : Following 6 weeks of treatment, exercise therapy a positively affected the patient's weight, as well as pain, fatigue, and anxiety levels. We observed a weight gain of 4.5 kg, pain reduction of 5.1 points. Fatigue reduction of 43 points, anxiety reduction of total 41 points. Conclusion : Exercise therapy positively affects weight, as well as pain, fatigue, and anxiety levels in patients with cachexia. However, generalization of this observation is inappropriate based on this single case study.

• 셀메드
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.3.1-3.7
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• 2019

Recent researches on adipocytes in human and mice model have reported that the adipocytes are not only the fat depots but having role in maintenance of physiology and metabolism through adipokines released by them in accordance to their anatomical location. Ayurveda scholars too have mentioned different tissues like Vasa (inter muscular fat), Meda (visceral fat) and Majja (bone marrow) which are predominantly rich in adipocytes similar to adipose tissues, with a different sites, functions, compositions and pathological outcomes. The metabolic effect of Meda and Majja Dhatu on other tissues like muscle (Mamsa Dhatu), bone (Asthi Dhatu) and reproductive tissue (Shukra Dhatu) shows their functional interdependence. The detailed description of therapeutic indications of Vasa and Majja under Snehakarma (oleation therapy) illustrates that clinical physiology of these tissues have been elaborated rather than general physiology. This article is an attempt to comprehend the physiological aspect of Vasa, Meda and Majja retrospectively on the basis of their therapeutic indication for the management of variety of disorders, in the form of Sneha through different therapeutic procedures. An effort has been also taken to distinguish Vasa, Meda, Majja based on the functional peculiarities of adipocytes present in different sites of body like omentum, muscle and bone marrow. Critical observation of explanations of Vasa, Meda and Majja in Ayurveda compendia and advanced research in field of adipocytes reflected that Ayurveda scholars had deep insights regarding the various dimensions of adipocytes, most of which are in consistent with the advanced physiology and biomolecular studies of adipocytes.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.96-105
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Asparagus cochinchinensis (AC) and fermented AC (fAC) on microorganisms and efficacies. Methods: AC was fermented for four weeks without using any bacterial strains. Then we investigated fermentation characteristics including potential of hydrogen (pH), total sugar, microbial profiling and antioxidant compound contents such as total polyphenol and total flavonoid. The anti-obesity effects of AC and fAC were evaluated by using Oil Red O staining in 3T3-L1 adipocyte. Also anti-diabetic effects of them were evaluated by using 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-NBDG) uptake in C2C12 skeletal muscle cell. Results: Both pH and total sugar of fAC were decreased significantly compared to unfermented AC. And the abundance of total bacteria and lactic acid bacteria increased during fermentation, especially Lactobacillus plantarum. Also fermentation of AC increased the content of total polyphenol. On the metabolic aspects, we found that AC and fAC suppressed fat accumulation. Conclusions: After four weeks of fermentation, AC increased concentrations of active compounds, altered microbial composition, and inhibited fat accumulation such as triglyceride. These results indicate that fermentation of AC might be a beneficial therapeutic approach for obesity.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.111-114
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• 2021

과일, 채소, 곡물, 견과류 등에 함유된 파이토케미컬은 심혈관질환, 암, 퇴행성신경질환 등을 유발하는 활성산소의 바람직하지 않은 영향을 방지하는 산화방지제로 역할을 한다. 이처럼 유해물질로 간주되었던 활성산소는 최근에 면역 및 다른 생리적 반응 신호에서 인체에 유익한 역할을 하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 여러 연구에 따르면 활성산소는 신진대사 건강을 증진시키는 필수 신호 전달 물질로 작용한다. 따라서, 산화방지제가 활성산소의 신호 전달에 간섭하는 것은 전반적인 이점에 의문의 여지가 있다. 그러므로 건강상의 이익을 위해 파이토케미컬을 기능성 식품과 보충제에 적용할 때 활성산소가 미치는 영향을 이해하기 위한 연구가 반드시 필요하다. 본 논문은 활성산소에 관한 연구를 계획하는 식품학자 및 영양학자들에게 가능한 연구 방향을 제공하고자 활성산소의 새로운 역할과 다양한 파이토케미컬의 호메시스를 간략하게 다루고 있다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.38-53
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Abdominal obesity is associated with metabolic disorders, and, in recent years, its prevalence in Korea has continuously increased. The change of lifestyle, particularly diet, is critical for the reduction of abdominal obesity. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention focused on dietary self-efficacy and behaviors on the improvement of abdominal obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Abdominally obese adults with additional cardiovascular risk factors were recruited through 16 medical facilities in South Korea from the year 2013 to 2014. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: an intensive intervention group (IG) that received a multi-component intervention to reduce abdominal obesity, by mainly focusing on dietary attitude and dietary behavior change, and a minimal information intervention group (MG) that received a brief explanation of health status and a simple recommendation for a lifestyle change. The interventions were provided for 6 mon, and health examinations were conducted at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-mon follow-ups. A path analysis was conducted to identify the process governing the changes in abdominal obesity. RESULTS: The IG showed an improvement in self-efficacy for eating control and diet quality at 6-mon follow-up. Abdominal obesity improved in both groups. Waist circumference was observed to be decreased through the path of "improved self-efficacy for eating control in food availability-eating restriction-improved dietary quality" in IG. Most changes in follow-ups were not significantly different between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The intensive program targeting the modification of dietary behavior influenced management of abdominal obesity, and the effect occurred through a step-by-step process of change in attitude and behavior. Generally, improvements were also seen in the MG, which supports the necessity of regular health check-ups and brief consultation. The results can be used for further development and implementation of more successful interventions.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2021

Diabetic mellitus (DM) is a carbohydrate metabolic disorder that involves high blood sugar because insulin works abnormally. Type 2 diabetes accounts for most of them. However, diabetes treatments such as GLP-1 and DPP-4 inhibitors commonly caused side effects including gastrointestinal disorders. Grifola frondosa (G. frondosa) revealed various pharmacological effects in recent studies. It has a variety of anti-cancer polysaccharides through host-mediated mechanisms. D-fraction in G. frondosa has apoptotic effects, promoting myeloid cell proliferation and differentiation into granulocytes-macrophages. It has also been shown to reduce the survival rate of breast cancer cells. Though, no further study has been conducted on the specific effects of G. frondosa in the db/db mouse. Therefore, we would like to research the blood glucose improving effect of G. frondosa, a natural material, in type 2 diabetes model mouse, in this study. G. frondosa was administered to the disease model mouse (BKS.Cg-+Lepr^db/+Lepr^db/OlaHsd) for 8 weeks to monitor weight and blood glucose changes every week. And we evaluated anti-diabetes effects by checking biomarker changes shown through blood. Experiment did not show statistically significant weight differences, but control groups showed significantly higher weight gain than G. frondosa administered groups. We collected blood from the tail veins of the db/db mouse each week. As a result, the lowest blood sugar level was shown in the 500 mg/kg group of G. frondosa. Glucose in the blood was examined with HBA1c, and 7.8% was shown in the 500 mg/kg administration group, lower than in other groups. These results suggest the potential improvements of diabetes in G. frondosa.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aims to report the clinical efficacy of Korean medical treatment of a patient with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease accompanied by obesity and dyslipidemia. Methods: A 52-year-old man with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and dyslipidemia was treated with Saenggangunbi-tang extract from November 3, 2021 to January 8, 2022. During the treatment period, the patient also undertook exercise and maintained a hypocaloric diet to reduce body weight. Changes were observed in the patient's symptoms, laboratory findings, such as liver enzymes and lipid profiles, and bioelectrical impedance analyzer results. Results: After taking Saenggangunbi-tang extract for approximately two months, with concomitant adjustments to exercise and diet, the serum levels of liver enzymes and triglyceride were decreased and the patient's body weight, body mass index, hepatic steatosis index, and visceral fat area were also reduced. In addition, symptoms including fatigue and dyspepsia improved. Conclusion: This study suggests that Saenggangunbi-tang extract with exercise and a regulated diet could be a helpful treatment strategy for managing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with metabolic disorders.