• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2016

Objectives: The established theory that breast density is an independent predictor of breast cancer risk is based on studies targeting white women in the West. More Asian women than Western women have dense breasts, but the incidence of breast cancer is lower among Asian women. This meta-analysis investigated the association between breast density in mammography and breast cancer risk in Asian women. Methods: PubMed and Scopus were searched, and the final date of publication was set as December 31, 2015. The effect size in each article was calculated using the interval-collapse method. Summary effect sizes (sESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by conducting a meta-analysis applying a random effect model. To investigate the dose-response relationship, random effect dose-response meta-regression (RE-DRMR) was conducted. Results: Six analytical epidemiology studies in total were selected, including one cohort study and five case-control studies. A total of 17 datasets were constructed by type of breast density index and menopausal status. In analyzing the subgroups of premenopausal vs. postmenopausal women, the percent density (PD) index was confirmed to be associated with a significantly elevated risk for breast cancer (sES, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.52 to 3.21; $I^2=50.0%$). The RE-DRMR results showed that the risk of breast cancer increased 1.73 times for each 25% increase in PD in postmenopausal women (95% CI, 1.20 to 2.47). Conclusions: In Asian women, breast cancer risk increased with breast density measured using the PD index, regardless of menopausal status. We propose the further development of a breast cancer risk prediction model based on the application of PD in Asian women.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권13호
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• pp.5149-5153
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• 2014

Background: Chlorophenols (CPs) and related phenoxyacetic acids (PAs) are pesticide groups contaminated with highly toxic 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) during production. PAs and CPs exposure is associated with risk of cancer, but the situation regarding lung cancer has not been clearly defined. We proposed a meta-analysis of published researches to evaluate relationship between chronic exposure to PAs and CPs in pesticide production workplaces and the risk of lung cancer. Materials and Methods: After searching PubMed, Scopus, Scholar Google, Web of Sciences until August 2013, the association between chronic PAs and CPs exposure in production workplace and lung cancer was studied in 15 cohort studies. The standardized mortality rate (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were collected from the papers. We used random or fixed-effects models, Egger test, funnel plot and meta regression in our analysis. Results: Five papers with six reports were included in the final analysis. The standardized mortality rate for lung cancer from the random model was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.03-1.35, p=0.014) with moderate heterogeneity. Publication bias was not found for included studies in meta-analysis (p=0.9). Conclusions: Our findings has strengthen the evidence of lung cancer from chronic exposure to chlorophenol related compounds (PAs, CPs).

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.15-31
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• 2017

This study analyzes 45 Korea IT service companies from 2012 to 2016 using DEA analysis. Large enterprises, medium enterprises and small and medium enterprises (SMEs). CCR model and BCC model were used for efficiency analysis. Among the various analytical objects, the decision objects which yield the maximum output with minimum input are compared with other analysis objects. The relative inefficiency was measured through this, and Technical Efficiency (TE), Pure Technology Efficiency (PTE), Scale Efficiency (SE), scale profit, reference frequency were analyzed. Also, we analyzed the Technology Gap Ratio (TGR), which is the distance between production function and Meta-Frontier for each firm, using Meta-Frontier analysis. Finally, the Tobit model is used to analyze the sources of efficiency and inefficiency. The inputs are assets, capital, and employees, and the output factor is sales. The analysis shows that large firms are achieving technological achievements more efficiently than small and medium enterprises. As a result, medium-sized enterprises and SMEs can improve efficiency overall through efficient operation of workforce and appropriate combination of inputs such as assets and capital. Also, as a result of the influence factor analysis, it was found that the ratio of the managed asset ratio and the management cost ratio were significant factors influencing the efficiency of the IT service companies. This study suggests the efficiency analysis using DEA for many Korea IT service companies. Inefficient parts of each company are classified according to size and technology. Also, we identify the most efficient companies and analyze the causes of those companies whose profits are lower than their size.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.206-212
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• 2019

Purpose: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Iranian children under 5 years of age using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, CINHAL, and the Iranian databases, including Scientific Information Database (www.sid.ir), Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (Irandoc.ac.ir), Iranmedex (www.iranmedex.com), and Magiran (www.magiran.com), for all articles published between January 1989 and August 2017. Sources of heterogeneity were determined using subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Results: Six articles were ultimately included in the meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence, based on which the prevalence of obesity and overweight were estimated to be 8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6%-10%) and 9% (95% CI, 7%-11%), respectively. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of obesity in boys and girls was 9% (95% CI, 6%-13%) and 7% (95% CI, 4-10%), respectively, and the prevalence of overweight in boys and girls was 10% (95% CI, 5%-15%) and 9% (95% CI, 5%-13%), respectively. Conclusion: Despite high heterogeneity among the results of the articles included in the meta-analysis, the prevalence of obesity and overweight is higher in Iranian children under 5 years of age. Therefore, parents and the health system must pay more attention to the lifestyle, nutritional habits, and physical activity of these children.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.71-83
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• 2019

Purpose: This meta-analysis aimed to analyze to the effects of aquatic exercise programs in children with cerebral palsy and identify directions for future research. Methods: A systematic search based on the PRISMA guidelines was undertaken for studies conducted between 2006 and 2018 on aquatic exercise programs in children with cerebral palsy. A total of 10 studies were selected according to the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality was assessed using the Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Controlled Trials (RoB) and Risk-of-Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS). A meta-analysis software (CMA 3.0) was used to calculate the mean effect size, effect size by intervention (Halliwick and Watsu Aquatic methods), and effect size by outcome. Results: The mean effect size was 0.457. The effect size by intervention was largest for the Halliwick method, followed by the Watsu method. The effect size by outcome was largest for range of motion, followed by the gross motor function measure, the Pediatric Berg Balance Scale, and the Modified Ashworth Scale. Meta-regression analysis showed effect size increased when sample size, number of sessions, and length of sessions increased. Conclusion: The results show that aquatic exercise programs have a positive effect on children with cerebral palsy. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a guideline that recommends the appropriate intervention and the identifies the direction of future studies on aquatic exercise programs.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.81-91
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• 2019

한국군은 민간 자원과 선진 기법을 도입하는 방안의 하나로 PBL을 적용하고 있다. 그러나 한국군의 PBL은 수리부속 구매와 정비를 중심으로 시행하고 있어 PBL 적용 목적인 장비가동률 향상에 기여하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 한국군의 PBL이 장비가동률에 미치는 영향 요소를 분석하는 방법론을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 한국군의 PBL 상황을 시뮬레이션 모델로 설계하고, 시뮬레이션 결과를 회귀분석하여 PBL 성과가 장비가동률에 미치는 영향을 분석할 수 있는 메타 모델을 제안한다. 연구 결과 수리부속 수준에만 제한적으로 PBL을 적용하면 성과가 장비가동률에 미치는 영향력은 크지 않았다. 또한, 메타 모델을 이용해 분석해 보면 적용품목 특성을 고려하지 않고 여러 품목에 동일한 성과지표를 설정할 경우 성과목표를 달성할 수 없었다. 따라서 장비가동률을 향상시키기 위해서는 장비가동률에 영향력이 큰 핵심구성품을 포함하는 체계 수준으로 PBL 적용범위를 확대해야 하며, PBL 적용범위에 다수 품목이 포함될 경우 품목별 특성을 고려해 성과지표를 차등 적용해야 한다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 meta-analysis를 통해 TJP의 발현량과 육계의 생산성 간의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. TJP의 발현량은 생산성의 향상과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 occludin의 발현이 육계의 생산성과 가장 큰 상관관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. Occludin 발현량 조절과 장 점막 건강이 육계 생산성 향상을 위한 영양 관리 전략 지표로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.225-250
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• 2022

This study aims to examine the effects of infant's social development forest experience activities through meta-analysis. The final nine studies(total of 165 in the experimental group and 159 in the control group) were selected as a method of systematic review. Meta-analysis on overall effect size estimation, chi-square test, significance analysis, publication bias analysis, and subgroup analysis was performed using the R program. The overall effect size of 9 studies was 1.59, indicating a large effect size. As a result of subgroup analysis of the sub-factors of sociality, autonomy showed the largest effect size at 1.47, the adjusted effect size of cooperation was 1.34, the effect size adjusted for peer interaction was 1.29, and the adjusted effect size for perspective-taking ability was 0.97. All were found to have a statistically significant effect. To analyze the moderating effect, a meta-regression analysis was conducted on the participation period(4, 5~6, 7~8weeks), the number of sessions(6~10, 11~15, 16~20), the frequency per week(1, 2, 5), and the participation time(40, 60, 90, 120, 150min), but there was no statistical difference. Although not statistically significant, the effect size was larger when the participation period was 4 weeks, the number of sessions was 16 to 20, the frequency was 2 times per week, and the participation time was 40 minutes. This results can be usefully utilized by policy makers and forest commentators related to the vitalization of forest education through forest experience activities.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.4-23
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of auriculotherapy on musculoskeletal pain in adults. Methods: A total of 885 studies were retrieved from nine databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, RISS, KMbase, and KISS). Sixteen studies were selected for meta-analysis, which satisfied the inclusion criteria and the evaluation of risk of bias. Demographic data, auriculotherapy types, intervention characteristics, auricular points, and outcomes related to pain (subjective pain scale, and amount of analgesic) were extracted from all included studies. The effect size of auriculotherapy was analyzed through comprehensive meta analysis 3.0, and the presence of publication bias was analyzed through a funnel plot and Egger's regression. Results: The results of the meta-analysis (n = 16) revealed that the auriculotherapy was significantly superior to the control group on present pain in adults (Hedges' g = - 0.35, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = - 0.55~- 0.15). According to the results of subgroup analysis, the effect size of auricular acupuncture therapy (Hedges' g = 0.45, 95% CI = - 0.75~- 0.15) was higher than the auricular acupuncture (Hedges' g = 0.27, 95% CI = - 0.53~0.00): the longer the intervention period, the greater the effect size. Conclusion: In this study, auriculotherapy demonstrates a significant reduction in musculoskeletal pain in adults. Therefore, it is necessary to refine the curriculum to include auriculotherapy as a nursing intervention to relieve musculoskeletal pain in adults and encourage its use in clinical settings.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.296-311
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors related to the workload of intensive care unit nurses through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to provide basic data to explore the direction of development of nursing staffing standards. Methods: This study involved quantitative studies about nurses working in intensive care units related to nursing workload published in English or Korean since 2000. Search terms included 'intensive care unit', 'nursing workload', and their variations. Databases such as RISS, DBpia, MEDLINE(PubMed), CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were utilized. Quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. JAMOVI software facilitated the analysis of effect sizes, employing a meta-analysis approach for 7 studies with correlational or regression data. Results: From 16 studies on the workload of intensive care unit nurses, a total of 20 patient and nurse-related factors were identified. Patient-related factors included severity of illness, length of stay, and age. Meta-analysis was conducted for three patient-related factors: age, severity of illness measured by SAPS 3, and length of stay. Only severity of illness measured by SAPS 3 was significantly associated with nurse workload (Zr=0.16, p<.001, 95% CI=0.09-0.24). Conclusion: In previous studies, the characteristics of intensive care units and patients varied across studies, and a variety of scales for measuring workload and severity of illness were also used. Sustained research reflecting domestic intensive care unit work environments and assessing the workload of intensive care unit nurses should be imperative.