• 멤브레인
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2020

This short review focuses on fouling by proteins and macromolecules in microfiltration/ultrafiltration. First, an experimental system that enables investigation of how the extent of the adsorption of proteins and macromolecules on membrane surfaces contributes to a decrease in filtrate flux in microfiltration/ultrafiltration is described. Using this system, a causal relationship - not a correlation - indicating that adsorption results in a decrease in filtrate flux could be clearly demonstrated in some cases. Second, a hydration structure at the membrane surface that can suppress adsorption is discussed, inspired by biomaterial research. In their hydrated states, polymers with low-fouling properties have water molecules with a particular structure. Finally, some successful examples of the development of low-fouling membranes via surface modification using low-fouling polymers are discussed.

• 멤브레인
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2018

해수담수화의 빠른 증가와 함께 붕소 제거에 대한 중요성이 상승하고 있다. 본 연구는 표면개질 시 친수성 화합물을 이용하여 수투과량을 최대한 막고 붕소 제거율을 높이기 위한 연구를 진행하였다. 첫째로, Control polyamide 역삼투막을 얻기 위해 M-phenylenediamine (MPD)와 trimesoyl chloride (TMC)를 Polysulfone 한외여과막에 계면중합을 시켜 polyamide 활성층을 제조하였다. 다음으로, Control polyamide 역삼투막에 표면개질을 진행시켜 D-gluconic acid (DGCA)와 D-gluconic acid sodium salt (DGCA-Na)를 glutaraldehyde (GA)와 hydrochloric acid (HCl)을 이용하여 합성시켰다. 합성된 역삼투막의 표면 분석을 위해 XPS 분석을 진행하였으며, DGCA 및 DGCA-Na 화합물과의 반응이 되었음을 확인하였다. 또한, morphology 측정을 위해 FE-SEM과 AFM 분석을 진행하였으며, polyamide 활성층 형성 및 표면 거칠기를 확인할 수 있었다. 수투과량의 경우, 표면개질을 진행한 역삼투막은 10 GFD 수준이거나 그 이하의 값을 가졌다. 하지만, DGCA 및 DGCA-Na 화합물과 표면개질을 진행한 역삼투막의 붕소 제거율은 94.38, 94.64%로, Control polyamide 역삼투막보다 각각 12.03, 12.29 %p만큼 큰 값을 가지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1349-1356
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• 1995

The change of permeation mechanism from Knudsen diffusion to micropore diffusion was observed after CVD modification of an alumina-sol coated alumina support which was prepared by slip coating process. Permselectivities of He/N2, H2/N2, and CO2/N2 were 5.67, 5.02, and 1.44, respectively. These values were higher than those under Knudsen diffusion controlled region.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.381-385
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• 2019

Surface modification is very efficient and scalable approach to achieve improved membrane performance. We treated Reverse Osmosis Thin Film Composite (TFC RO) membrane with various concentrations of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), a hydrophilic polymer after activation with sodium hypochlorite. This treatment resulted in an increment of the water flux by 43% and the salt rejection by 2.36% for the 3000 mg/l PEG-treated membrane. Further, these PEG-treated membranes were exposed to a mixture of 3000 mg/l PEG and 1000 mg/l sodium hypochlorite for 1 hour. Further modification of this membrane by PEG and sodium hypochlorite mixture increased the water permeance up to 133% when compared with the virgin TFC RO membrane. We characterized the treated membranes to understand the changes in wettability by contact angle analysis, changes in surface morphology and roughness by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2002년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.99-102
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• 2002

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2003년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.172-175
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• 2003

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

The modification of ultrafiltration membranes with carbon nanotube (CNT) buckypaper on fouling control was investigated. Two types of commercially available flat-sheet membranes were used: PS35 and PES900C/D (PES) (the PS35 membranes were hydrophilic with a molecular weight cutoff of 20 kDa, and the PES membranes were hydrophobic with a molecular weight cutoff of 20 kDa). The CNT buckypaper modified ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by filtering a CNT suspension through the flat-sheet membrane in a dead-end ultrafiltration unit. After modification, the pure water flux of PES was significantly increased, while the pure water flux of PS35 was decreased. The properties of the CNT modified membranes were also investigated. Considering the antifouling properties, pure water flux of the modified membrane, and the stability of CNT buckypaper layer on the membrane surface, ethanol solution with a concentration of 50 wt.%, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a larger diameter (30-50 nm), and the CNT loading with $7.5g/m^2$ was selected. The CNT buckypaper on the surface of ultrafiltration membranes can trap the pollutants in sewage effluent and prevent them reaching the surface of virgin membranes. Water quality analysis showed that the effluent quality of the modified membrane was obviously improved. The removal efficiency of humic acid and protein-like matters by the modified membrane was significant. These results indicate the potential application of the CNT buckypaper layer modified membranes in the field of wastewater reclaim.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 폴리에테르설폰(polyethersulfone, PES)을 연소배가스에 포함된 수증기를 분리 및 회수하기 위한 고분자 분리막 소재로 사용하기 위해 다양한 물리 화학적 표면개질 방법을 사용하여 PES 평막 표면의 친수성을 향상시키고자 하였다. 균일한 PES 평막을 제조한 후 친수성 향상을 위한 개질 방법으로 산처리, 블렌딩 및 플라즈마 처리를 통해 표면개질을 하였고, 표면 특성을 비교하였다. PES 평막 표면의 특성 변화는 ATR-FTIR, XPS, SEM 및 접촉각 측정을 통해 관찰하였다. 황산을 이용한 산처리 방법과 양친매성 고분자를 이용한 블렌딩 방법에 의해 개질된 PES 평막에서는 접촉각의 변화가 크지 않았다. Ar 플라즈마 처리를 한 경우, 플라스마 처리 시간이 증가함에 따라 PES 표면의 친수성이 크게 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 결과를 통해 다양한 표면개질 방법 중 플라즈마 방법을 적용하여 PES 표면을 처리하는 것이 PES 막 표면의 친수성 향상에 가장 효과적임을 확인하였다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.463-481
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• 2017

Bacteria have been considered as a major foulant that initiates the formation of biofilm on the polymeric membrane surface. Some polymeric membranes are naturally antibacterial and have low fouling properties, however, numerous efforts have been devoted to improve their antibacterial performance. These modifications are mostly carried out through blending the membrane with an antibacterial agent or introducing the antibacterial agent on the membrane surface by chemical grafting. Currently, a significant number of researches have reported nanocomposite membrane as a new approach to fabricate an excellent antibacterial membrane. The antibacterial nanoparticles are dispersed homogenously in membrane structure by blending method or coating onto the membrane surface. Aim of the modifications is to prevent the initial attachment of bacteria to membrane surface and kill bacteria when attached on the membrane surface. In this paper, several studies on antibacterial modified membranes, particularly for water treatment, will be reviewed comprehensively. Special attention will be given on polymeric membrane modifications by introducing antibacterial agents through different methods, such as blending, grafting, and coating.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2005

PP hollow fiber membrane was hydrophilized by EVOH dip coating followed by low temperature plasma treatment and UV irradiation. EVOH coating attained high water flux without any prewetting but its stability did not guaranteed at high water permeation rate. At high water permeation rate, water flux declined gradually due to swelling and delamination of the EVOH coating layer causing pore blocking effect. However, plasma treatment reduces the swelling, which suppress delamination of the EVOH coating layer from PP support result in relieving the flux decline. Also, UV irradiation helped the crosslinking of the EVOH coating layer to enhance the performance at low water permeation rate. FT-IR and ESCA analyses reveal that EVOH dip coating performed homogeneously through not only membrane surface but also matrix. Thermogram of EVOH film modified plasma treatment and W irradiation show that crosslinking density of EVOH layer increased. Chemical modification by plasma treatment and UV irradiation stabilized the hydrophilic coating layer to increase the critical flux of the submerged membrane.