• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.33 no.3 s.130
• /
• pp.245-251
• /
• 2002

Flavonoid seems to have various biological effects. Quercetin is a kind of natural plant flavonoids and has multiple biological effects such as antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenec agent. Melanogenesis is a physiological process resulting in the synthesis of melanin pigments, which play a crucial protective role against skin photocarcinogenesis. This present study was designed to investigate effect of quercetin on proliferation and melanogenesis in Melan-a melanocyte cells. After 48h treatment of cells with quercetin, the cells exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition in their proliferation without apoptosis. Therefore, thε growth retardation by the extract may be due to the cell arrest or cell differentiation. We also investigated the effect of quercetin on melanogenesis of this cells. Melan-a melanocyte cells were grown for 48h in the presence of $0.01-60\;{\mu}g/ml$ quercetin and the total melanin content and activity of tyrosinase were measured. Quercetin stimulated melanization of the cells in low concentrations $(0.01-1.0\;{\mu}g/ml)$, whereas it inhibited melanization in high concentrations $(5.0-30\;{\mu}g/ml)$. It was observed that quercetin differently regulates melanogenesis of Melan-a melanocyte cells dependent on Its concentrations.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.265-270
• /
• 2009

To develop a natural stimulating agent for hair melanogenesis, we investigated the stimulatory effects of Epimedium koreanum Nakai extract (EKNE) on melanogenesis. EKNE both increased melanin content in B16 melanoma cells up to about 104 % and intracellular tyrosinase activity up to about 95 % at a concentration of $50\;{\mu}g/mL$ without cell cytotoxicity (below $100\;{\mu}g/mL$). From the result of western blot, we could find that EKNE dose-dependently induce the expression of TRP-2. Also, EKNE increased melanogenesis up to about 25 % at a concentration of 5 % (w/v) in back hair of C3H/Hej mouse. These results suggest that EKNE has an effect to stimulate melanin formation through the induction of tyrosinase activity and TRP-2 expression which are involved in melanin synthesis in melanocyte. Therefore, we suggest that EKNE could be used as a useful melanogenesis stimulator for development of natural hair cosmetics.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.662-670
• /
• 2005

Recently many efforts were focused to understand the mechanical insights of melanogenesis to develop the agents for hyper-pigmentation and hypo-pigmentation. In the melanin bio-synthetic pathway, tyrosinase is the rate limiting enzyme, and ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH) stimulates melanogenesis and enhances the melanin synthesis and the tyrosinase activity. The author has analyzed the effects of Biota Orientalis Folium on the basal melanogenic activities of B16 mouse melanoma cells, and on the ${\alpha}$-MSH or tyrosinase-induced melanogenesis. Biota Orientalis Folium alone markedly suppressed melanin content and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The decrease of cell propagation was observed in B16 cells treated with 200${\mu}$g/ml dose of Biota Orientalis Folium, indicating that Biota Orientalis Folium-induced depigmenting effect was caused by inhibition of melanin synthesis, not due to destruction of B16 cells. Pretreatment of the cells with Biota Orientalis Folium also suppressed the increase of ${\alpha}$-MSH (10 nM) induced melanin content and tyrosinase activity. Biota Orientalis Folium inhibited the revelation of ${\alpha}$-MSH induced tyrosinase protein and tyrosinase related protein and mRNA of tyrosinase in B16 melanoma cell. These results suggest that Biota Orientalis Folium inhibits melanogenesis and abrogates ${\alpha}$-MSH and tyrosinase-induced melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.129-144
• /
• 2003

Recently many efforts were focused to understand the mechanical insights of melanogenesis to develop the agents for hyper-pigmentation and hypo-pigmentation. In the melanin biosynthetic pathway, tyrosinase is the rate limiting enzyme, and ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH) or cAMP-elevating agents stimulate melanogenesis and enhance the melanin synthesis and the tyrosinase activity. The author has analyzed the effects of Rhizoma Bletillae on the basal melanogenic activities of B16／F10 mouse melanoma cells, and on the ${\alpha}$-MSH or forskolin-induced melanogenesis. Rhizoma Bletillae alone markedly suppressed melanin content and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment of the cells with Rhizoma Bletillae also suppressed the increase of ${\alpha}$-MSH (100 nM) or forskolin (20 ${\mu}M$)-induced melanin content and tyrosinase activity. The decrease in the tyrosinase activity was paralled by a decrease in the abundance of tyrosinase protein and tyrosinase promoter activity. Pretreatment of the cells with Rhizoma Bletillae also inhibited the increase of forskolin(20${\mu}M$) induced the amount of tyrosinase protein and tyrosinase promoter activity. The results of DOPA staining revealed that pretreatment of the cells with Rhizoma Bletillae showed less intensity than B16 melanoma cells stimulated with ${\alpha}$-MSH or forskolin. These results suggest that Rhizoma Bletillae inhibits melanogenesis and abrogates ${\alpha}$-MSH and cAMP-induced melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.478-482
• /
• 2010

Inhibitory melanogenesis by Bambusae caulis in Teaniam (Phyllostaachys nigra var. henonis Stapf) was studied. Tyrosinase inhibition activities were evaluated with six different extracts. Among them the extract with methanol showed the highest tyrosinase activity inhibition. MTT assay with B16 melanoma showed that the extract was not toxic up to the concentration of 50 ppm. The melanogenesis was clearly inhibited by the extract when it was examined by the melanin content assay in the cell. When the extract was dosed as 10 ppm, the melanogenesis was reduced to 68% in culture medium and 74% in the cell. By the proteome analysis with 2-D electrophoresis, 171 protein spots were found in the control gel and 282 spots were detected in the sample gel. Among 120 spot proteins matched, 12 spots were identified as proteins involved in the melanogenesis mechanism.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2021.04a
• /
• pp.53-53
• /
• 2021

Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai (A. distichum), endemic species of Korea, is classified according to the petals and calyx colors. Recently, A. distichum cv. Okhwang 1, which has the golden flower, designated the first official cultivar improved from A. distichum species. The study on the chloroplast genome of A. distichum cv. Okhwang 1 have been reported, but no studies on bioactivity such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer have been progressed. This study was conducted to evaluate the inhibition on melanogenesis of the flower from A. distichum cv. Okhwang 1 (FAO). Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Inhibition effects on melanogenesis of FAO were confirmed by expression of tyrosinase-related proteins and mRNAs using immunoblotting and RT-qPCR. Tyrosinase is an enzyme that regulates both stimulation and inhibition of melanogenesis. Stimulated MITF in cellular levels increases the expressions of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 to induce melanogenesis. As a result, FAO inhibited the expression of MITF, followed by down-regulated tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2, which lead to inhibit melanin overproduction. In conclusion, these results indicated that FAO reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and markedly inhibited the expression of melanin-related factors. The present study suggested providing that FAO has the potential for development as a functional cosmetic material derived from natural.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2021.04a
• /
• pp.54-54
• /
• 2021

The Melanoma Research Coalition reported melanoma affects humans of various races. This study was conducted to confirm the inhibitory effect of melanogenesis in B16 F10 cells of Nypa fruticans Wurmb of ethyl acetate fraction (NEF). Nypa fruticans Wurmb is an important component of the East Asian mangrove vegetation. It belongs to Araceae family. Traditionally, N. fruticans was used to treat various diseases such as asthma, sore throat, liver disease, a pain reliever, and can also be used as sedative and carminative. The present study, the inhibitory effect on melanogenesis was determined by Western blotting and RT-qPCR. The level of expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 is regulated by microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and cAMP, and cAMP affects the activity of protein kinase A (PKA). Activated PKA stimulates the phosphorylation of cAMP-reactive element-binding protein (CREB) in the nucleus, thereby increasing the amount of MITF expression and enhancing melanogenesis. Western blotting and RT-qPCR analysis showed that NEF treatment decreased the expression of tyrosinase. Similarly, TRP-1 and TRP-2 levels were decreased, which were decreased significantly at compared with the untreated control. Also, NEF attenuated the IBMX mediated increase in the intracellular cAMP level and the phosphorylation of PKA. In conclusion, NEF significantly inhibited the expressions of melanogenesis through cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathways.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.283-289
• /
• 2015

The half-dried leaves of Stewartia. pseudocamellia were extracted with hot water (SPE) and partitioned with n-hexane (SPEH), dichloromethane (SPED), and ethyl acetate (SPEE) successively. SPE and SPEE showed significant inhibitory effects against melanogenesis and tyrosinase activities. By bioassay-guided isolation, ten phenolic compounds were isolated by column chromatography from SPEE. The whitening effect of the isolated compounds from SPEE were tested for the inhibitory activities against melanogenesis using B16 melanoma cells, in vitro inhibition of tyrosinase, and L-3,4-dihydorxy-indole-2-carboxylic acid (L-DOPA) auto-oxidation assay. A cytotoxic activity assay was done to examine the cellular toxicity in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. Of the compounds isolated, gallic acid and quercetin revealed significant inhibitory activities against melanogenesis compared to arbutin. In particular, quercetin exhibited similar inhibitory activities against tyrosinase and L-DOPA oxidation without cytotoxicity. These results suggested that SPE could be used as a potential source of natural skin-whitening material in cosmetics as well as in food products.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2016.02a
• /
• pp.211.1-211.1
• /
• 2016

Several reports have demonstrated the wide range of nonthermal plasma applications in biomedical field including cancers, diabetics, wound healing and cosmetics. Recently, it has been shown that plasma is able to modulate the p38 MAPK and JUN level in cells which has a crucial role in melanin synthesis and skin pigmentation. Therefore we investigated the effect of plasma on melanogenesis in-vitro using melanoma (B16F10) cells and in-vivo using mouse and zebra fish. To investigate the mechanism of plasma action, plasma device characteristics were measured, reactive species inside and outside the cells were detected, and western blot was performed to find the signaling pathway involved in melanin activation in-vitro and in-vivo. This is the first report presenting the role of nonthermal plasma for melanogenesis which provides a new perspective of plasma in the field of dermatology.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.35 no.2 s.137
• /
• pp.157-163
• /
• 2004

Twenty two polyphenols containing ten gallotannins, seven ellagitannins, two phenylpropanoids and three stilbenes isolated from the higher plants were tested inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in cultured B-16 mouse melanoma cell lines. Among the tested samples, 1-desgalloyleugeniin exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in cultured cell lines.