• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2015

Cornus officinalis is widely distributed in Korea, and its fruit has been used to make as herbal drug for traditional medicine in Korea, Japan, and China because of its tonic, analgesic, and diuretic properties. However, the effects of C. officinalis methanol extract (COME) on melanogenesis remain poorly understood. We evaluated the melanogenic capability of COME in melan-a cells, which are immortalized mouse melanocytes. COME increased melanin synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with $12.5{\mu}g/mL$ of COME significantly increased melanin content by 36.1% (p < 0.001) to a level even higher than that (31.6%) of 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine, a well-known pigmentation agent. COME also upregulated tyrosinase activity and its messenger RNA and protein expression. In addition, COME upregulated the expression of tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-M messenger RNA expression. These results imply that COME may be appropriate for development as a natural product to treat hair graying.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2021

Lincomycin is a lincosamide antibiotic isolated from the actinomycete Streptomyces lincolnensis. Moreover, it has been found to be effective against infections caused by Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Bacteroides fragillis. To identify the melanin-inducing properties of lincomycin, we used B16F10 melanoma cells in this study. The melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity in the cells were increased by lincomycin, without any cytotoxicity. Western blot analysis indicated that the protein expressions of tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1) and TRP2 increased after lincomycin treatment. In addition, lincomycin enhanced the expression of master transcription regulator of melanogenesis, a microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Lincomycin also increased the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and decreased the AKT phosphorylation. Moreover, the activation of tyrosinase activity by lincomycin was inhibited by the treatment with SB203580, which is p38 inhibitor. Furthermore, we also found that lincomycin-induced tyrosinase expression was reduced by H-89, a specific protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor. These results indicate that lincomycin stimulate melanogenesis via MITF activation via p38 MAPK, AKT, and PKA signal pathways. Thus, lincomycin can potentially be used for treatment of hypopigmentation disorders.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.447-451
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• 2021

In this study, we discovered for the first time that linarin, a flavonoid compound, enhances melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 cells, and subsequently elucidated the underlying mechanism of linarin-induced melanogenesis. Linarin showed no cytotoxicity at a concentration of 42 μM and significantly increased intracellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16F10 cells. Mechanistic analysis showed that linarin increased the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) that are related to melanogenesis. Moreover, linarin decreased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT). Finally, we evaluated the effect of the structure-activity relationship of linarin and its aglycone on melanogenesis. The results indicated that linarin enhances the expression of melanogenic proteins by activating MITF expression via the modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B signaling pathways in B16F10 cells, thereby enhancing melanogenesis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2023

The anti-melanogenic activity of 259 actinomycete strains was tested, and based on the results for the inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity and the reduction in melanin content, Micromonospora sp. JCS1 and JCS7 were selected as the strains with the highest anti-melanogenic potential. The activity-guided fractionation of extracts from JCS1 and JCS7 led to the isolation of the dipeptides cyclo(ʟ-Phenyl alanine (Phe)-ʟ-Proline (Pro)) (1) and cyclo(ʟ-Tryptophan (Trp)-ʟ-Proline (Pro)) (2). These two compounds were tested for their inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by monitoring ʟ-DOPA levels and melanin production. Cyclo(ʟ-Phe-ʟ-Pro) (1) and cyclo(ʟ-Trp-ʟ-Pro) (2) were thus confirmed to have the potential for use in functional whitening cosmetics containing actinomycete-derived secondary metabolites.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2017

Vitiligo is an intriguing depigmentary disorder and is notoriously difficult to be treated. The ultimate goal of vitiligo treatment is to replenish the lost melanocytes by immigration from hair follicle and to restore the normal function of melanogenesis by residual melanocytes. There are two types of topical calcineurin inhibitors called tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, and are recommended as the first-line treatments in vitiligo. Although pimecrolimus is efficacious for the repigmentation of vitiligo, its intrinsic mechanisms have never been investigated in vitro. This research aimed to study the ability of pimecrolimus on stimulating melanogenesis, melanocyte migration and MITF (microphthalmia associated transcription factor) protein expression. Results showed that pimecrolimus at the dosages of 1, 10, $10^2$nM were neither mitogenic nor cytotoxic to melanocytes. The addition of pimecrolimus at 10, $10^2$ and $10^3nM$ significantly increased intracellular tyrosinase activity, which was consistent with the elevated content of melanin content at the same concentrations. The peak effect was seen at 72 h in response to $10^2$nM pimecrolimus. Results of the wound scratch assay and Transwell assays indicate that pimecrolimus is effective in facilitating melanocyte migration on a collagen IV-coated surface. In addition, MITF protein yield reached the highest by pimecrolimus at $10^2nM$. In brief, pimecrolimus enhances melanin synthesis as well as promotes migration of melanocytes directly, possibly via their effects on MITF protein expression.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.439-450
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• 2015

으름열매는 폴리페놀과 사포닌과 같은 페놀성 물질을 많이 함유하고 있다. 본 연구는 세포실험을 통해 으름열매 추출물의 항산화활성을 확인하고, 피부에 적용하였을 때 수분과 유분, 멜라닌과 홍반변화의 효과를 측정하였다. 항산화 효과 측정결과, 농도 의존적으로 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드, DPPH소거능이 상승한 것으로 확인되었고, 으름열매 추출물 크림을 사용하였을 때 수분함량 변화, 유분함량 변화, 멜라닌지수, 홍반지수의 감소가 통계적으로 유의미한 변화를 보여 으름열매 추출물 함유 화장품이 피부개선을 위한 기능성화장품으로서 활용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 으름열매 추출물은 독성을 나타내지 않으면서도 피부보습, 피부개선효과를 가진 천연 및 기능성화장품 소재로서 활용 가능성이 있다고 사료된다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.68-78
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this clinical research was to investigate the effects of herbal cosmetics containing Momordica charntia L. extracts on the anti-wrinkle and whitening effects. Methods : A total of 25 subjects who visited Daegu Hanny Oriental Medical Center from November 1st, 2010 to December 31th, 2010 were included in this study. In this study, we observed change of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 for using products, change of average melanin content and pigmental area, analysis results of subjective wrinkle improvement, Analysis results of subjective whitening improvement. Statistical analysis was performed by using paired t-test and wilcoxon signed ranks test. Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5%(p<0.05) Results : Statistically, herbal cosmetics containing Momordica charntia L. extracts showed siginificant effect on change of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 for using products, change of average melanin content and pigmental area, analysis results of subjective wrinkle improvement, Analysis results of subjective whitening improvement(p<0.05). And satisfaction after using herbal cosmetics was near good. Conclusions : Considering the above results, we have concluded that herbal cosmetics containing Momordica charntia L. extracts have the remarkable effects on the anti-wrinkle and whitening effects.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2008

본 연구는 제주도 근해에 자생하는 참가죽그물바탕말 (Dictyota coriacea)의 에탄올 추출물 및 순차적 용매분획물을 얻어 B16F10 mouse melanoma 세포및 RAW 264.7 세포에 처리하여 멜라닌 생합성 및 tyrosinas 억제활성, NO 억제활성을 통하여 유용자원으로서 미백 및 기능성 화장료로 산업적 활용 가능성이 있는지 알아보고자 연구를 시행하였다. 실험한 결과 B16F10 세포에서 참가죽그물바탕말 에탄올 추출물과 헥산 분획물, 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 tyrosinase와 멜라닌 합성을 농도 의존적으로 뛰어나게 억제하였으며, 단백질 및 mRNA 발현양이 tyrosinase와 TRP-1 유전자에서 농도 의존적으로 감소함을 보였다. 하지만 TRP-2 단백질과 mRNA 유전자의 발현을 확인한 결과, TRP-2 단백질과 mRNA 발현이 농도에 관계없이 일정하였다. 또한 LPS로 자극한 RAW 264.7 세포에서 참가죽그물바탕말의 에탄을 추출물과 헥산 분획물, 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 가장 높은 NO 생성 억제 활성을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구결과는 참가죽그물바탕말 추출물이 항염증 활성을 가지는 미백 관련 기능성 소재로서의 활용가치가 있음을 보여준다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 미백 기능성 화장품 및 원료의 효능을 평가하는 동물대체시험법을 개발하기 위하여 세포수준과 색소화피부모델(KeraSkin-M^TM)에서 기존에 잘 알려진 4종의 미백기능성원료(arbutin, ascorbic acid, kojic acid, niacinamide)의 효능을 평가하였다. 특히 기존 시험법의 보완을 위해 인체피부유래 케라틴세포와 멜라닌세포를 혼합하고 공배양하여 색소화피부모델을 제작하였다. 그 결과 색소화피부모델을 이용하여 미백효능을 평가함으로써 세포수준에서는 확인이 어려웠던 각 피부세포층에 따른 멜라닌 과립과 멜라닌캡(melanin cap)의 분포 등의 지표들을 추가로 확인할 수 있었으며 이미지분석을 통한 정량화로 음성대조군 대비 통계적 유의성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 KeraSkin-M^TM을 이용한 미백효능평가법이 기존에 사용하던 총멜라닌함량와 타이로시나아제 저해 평가를 보완할 수 있는 새로운 평가법으로 사용할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2017

Objectives : Yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) possess various nutrients, it has been widely used as traditional cosmetic material in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-oxidant activity and the anti-melanogenic effect of Yambean (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract and its fractions. Methods : The anti-oxidant activity of yam bean extract assessed based on total polyphenol, flavonoid contents, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. To evaluate anti-melanogenic effects and cytotoxicity of Yambean extract and its fractions, B16F10 melanoma cell was used. Results : In results, total polyphenol content of yam bean water extract (YW) and Yambean 70% ethanol extract (YE) were $1.18{\pm}0.03mg/g$ (mg of gallic acid/g of sample), $1.16{\pm}0.01mg/g$. Total flavonoid contents of YW, YE were $3.55{\pm}0.06mg/g$ (mg of naringin/g of sample), $1.78{\pm}0.03mg/g$. Moreover, YE scavenged DPPH and ABTS effectively in $4mg/m{\ell}$ compared to YW. Cytotoxicity of YE and its fractions in B16F10 melanoma cell was measured using MTT assays. It had no cytotoxicity up to $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Melanin accumulation in B16F10 melanoma cell was induced using alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). B16F10 melanoma cell treated with $10-500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ YE and hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, $H_2O$ fractions for 24h. Non treated B16F10 melanoma cell (Control) markedly increased melanin contents. In contrast, YE ethylacetate fraction effectively suppressed melanin accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion : In conclusion, these results suggest that Yambean extract has the potential as a cosmetic material which possess anti-oxidant and anti-melanogenic activities.