• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 1984

The elderberry was known to the ancients for its medicinal properties, and in Europe the inner back was formerly administered as a cathartic. The flowers contain a voletile oil, and serve for the distilation of elder-lower water, used in confectionery, perfumes and lotions. The leaves are employed to impart a green colour to fat and oil, and the leaves and bark emit a sickly odour, believed to be repugnant to insect. With its unique flavor and natural food colour, commercial processing companies used the fruit mainly in the making for jam, jelly, pies, juice, and wines. Its vitamin-C content is reported by Andross (1941) as 25-30mg/100g. Harvesting and processing have been mechanized to some extent. However, the cotains with nutritional value has not been reported yet. In the present study the various contains with nutritional value in the fresh elderberry juice is reported by the quantitative analysis. In this study results obtained can be summarized as follows. 1) The fresh elderberry juice contained following mineral elements; calcium 0.012%, magnesium 0.023%, potassium 0.10%, sodium 0.0019%, iron 0.0009%, cobalt 0.0002%, zinc 0.0004%, copper 0.0001%, phosphorus 0.036%, manganese 0.0006%, iodide $1{\mu}g/g$. 2) Five kinds of vitamines were also found ; vitamin-$B_1$ $0.1{\mu}g/g$, vitamin-$B_2$ $0.5{\mu}g/g$, vitamin-C 0.3mg/g, niacin $14{\mu}g/g$, choline chloride 0.3mg/g. 3) Fresh elderberry juice also contains crude protein 1.10%, fat 0.26%, carbohydrate 6.9%, pectin 0.76%, tannin 0.89%, ash 0.80%, water 90.9% and 34.3 cal/100g. 4) The absorption spectrum of the purplishblack color of fresh elderberry juice has a peak between 523-530mm.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.93-99
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• 1998

Lately public interest in tree saps of maple and birch trees stimulated to increase demands for sap drink as a natural medical beverage. In order to understand factors affecting tree sap flows, birch species, particularly Betula platyphylla in Mt.Sobaek area, were monitored for daily sap flows according to factors, such as DBH, tapping hole sizes and direction of hole drilling on the trunks. The chemical constituents of saps were also analyzed. The sap flow initiated from the end of March and finished at the end of April. The flow maxima appeared from April 14th to April 26th. Total amounts of the sap flow obtained from birch tree were over 1,800 ml per day per one tree. Sap flows were increased with increasing DBH and tree age. Six milimeter drilled hole resulted in the highest sap flows. Sap flows increased with increases of diameter and height of the trees. Hole drilling to downward side(south-facing) of tree produced almost doubled sap flows than that of upward one(north-facing), while rightside drilling produced same amounts of saps to that of leftside one. Six mm drilling gave the best results not only in maximum flows but also effective hole occluding rates. The saps have in the range of 4.5 to 5.6 pH and l.0 - 2.0% of saccharinity. Sucrose, glucose, fructose and high mineral contents were found in the saps of birch tree. The tree saps could be utilized not only medicinal drink, but also one of the healthy beverages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.395-405
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• 2015

Insamsokmieum (人蔘粟米飮), which is a kind of water gruels made with millet, ginseng, glutinous rice, and some minor ingredients, was frequently used as a medicinal food for the royal family, and it appeared first at the 10th year of King Sukjong's reign. We investigated Insamsokmieum through a literature review and the "SeungjeongwonIlgi(承政院日記)" of King Sukjong (肅宗) from his 1st year (1674) to 46th year (1720). We analyzed the nutritional value and efficacy of Insamsokmieum. In Oriental medicine, Insamsokmieum is prescribed mainly to treat symptoms such as nausea, languidness, and exhaustion in King Sukjong and Queen Inhyun (仁顯王后). In nutritional terms, Insamsokmieum has higher nutrition density than that of rice porridges (白粥) and has relatively high vitamin and mineral contents. Some nutrients such as leucine and glutamic acid, which are contained in the millet, are also known to help alleviate these symptoms. Whereas there have been studies on the efficacy and types of diet during the Joseon Dynasty, studies regarding nutrition characteristics are lacking. This study will demonstrate the superiority of dietary treatments of the Joseon Dynasty and their potential for application to modern nutrition.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1123-1126
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• 2006

The nutritional composition of Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) fruiting body has been analyzed for medicinal and edible uses. The contents of crude fibers, carbohydrates, crude protein, moisture, crude fats and ashes were 43.3%, 26.3%, 12.8%, 12.6%, 3.3% and 1.7%, respectively. Eighteen amino acids were found in F. pinicola. Among total amino acids, glutamate content was the highest (457 mg/100 g dry mushroom) and arginine, glycine, valine, aspartate and isoleucine were followed. Concerning free amino acids, glutamine, arginine, trytophan, and glutamate were dominant. The vitamin E content was the highest (276 mg/100 g dry mushroom), then vitamin H and vitamin B, were followed. The mineral contents were as follows: K 165.06 mg, P77.57 mg, Mg 46.11 mg, Fe 21.56 mg, and Ca 16.90 mg based on 100 g dry mushroom.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2021

Aspilia africana (Pers) C.D.Adams, a plant used for centuries in many African countries to treat diseases such as osteoporosis, malaria, tuberculosis, and diabetes, is of great pharmaceutical interest, yet there is limited scientific literature on its germination and growth. This research paper describes the effects of different commercial soils on the germination, growth, and chlorophyll content of A. africana. The germination parameters assessed included final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), and germination index (GI). Shoot length, leaf number, and fresh and dry weights were some of the parameters used to assess A. africana growth. The FGP was low and did not vary significantly; the MGT was 7 ~ 10 days; and the GI was significantly higher in PPS soil at 4.61 ± 0.332 days. Aspilia africana plants in HS:PPS soil showed the best overall growth, producing the highest mean leaf number (18.00 ± 1.129), longest mean shoot length (202.43 ± 13.451 mm), and highest mean fresh and dry weights (7.08 ± 1.061 g and 0.629 ± 0.112 g, respectively). The highest chlorophyll content in leaves of A. africana under HS:PPS conditions suggested a higher photosynthetic potential of plants in this soil. The best growth performance of A. africana in the HS:PPS soil could be attributed to a higher amount of certain mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus in the HS:PPS soil compared to the other soil categories. It is unclear why the FGP of A. africana was low and we recommend an exclusive study to investigate this further.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 2021

Centella asiatica (CA) is a vegetable that has been used for medicinal purposes for a long time, but it is not well known in Korea. In this study, the approximate analysis, physicochemical properties, free sugars, free amino acids and minerals of native and improved CA cultivated in Chungju area were measured. And the antioxidant contents and activities of CA solvent extracts were measured. There was no significant difference between native and improved species. As for the characteristics of CA, it was confirmed that the improved species had a large weight, size and a tough texture. Glucose was detected in native CA, fructose, glucose and sucrose were detected in improved species. A total of 15 free amino acids were detected and the content was slightly higher in improved species than in native species. The mineral content in CA was slightly higher in the improved species, and the detected minerals were Na, P, Ca, K, Mg and Fe. Polyphenols, ascorbic acid and flavonoids in each extraction solvent (water, 70% and 100% ethanol) were all higher in the improved species than in native species. And it was found that the antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts were higher than that of water.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.332-339
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• 2020

Lentinus edodes (LE) is the first medicinal macrofungus to enter the realm of modern biotechnology. Lentinus edodes is well-known to have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy in female rats, and the prevention and treatment efficacy of the climacteric disease the postmenopausal type I pattern was examined using the experimental substance. Female rats were either sham-operated (sham; n = 5) or surgically ovariectomized (OVX; five animals per group) and then administered to OVX control, raloxifene hydrochloride 1 mg/kg/day, or LE (20 and 200 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. LE treatment suppressed the ovariectomy-induced reduction of bone mineral density in the entire tibia as well as its metaphysis with a decrease of serum osteocalcin and interleukin-6 levels. In addition, LE is suggested to elevate the serum levels of progesterone hormones and prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. In conclusion, LE 200 mg/kg/day may have inhibitory effects on osteoporosis in OVX rats.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of growth regulators and $GeO_2$ on the induction and proliferation of callus and the effect of $GeO_2$ and citric acid on the Ge content of callus from explants and plant, Angelica koreana Max. The results obtained were summarized as follows. The callus induction was most effective on MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium containing 1. 0ppm 2, 4 - D with petiolule. The proliferation of callus was most effective at 2. 0ppm 2, 4 - D on the medium, at 2. 5ppm $GeO_2$ on the medium containing 2. 0ppm 2, 4 - D, and at $0.\;1{\sim}1mM$citric acid on the medium at pH6 containing 2. 0ppm 2, 4 - D and 2. 5ppm $GeO_2.$ The more $GeO_2$ in MS medium up to 20ppm, the more Ge content in callus. Ge content in callus was highest when the medium was supplemented with 0. 1mM citric acid and the pH of medium was low. The Ge content in plant was high in order of leaf > root > stem. Application $GeO_2$ to the soil increased Ge content in plant and application of 1mM citric acid with $GeO_2$ resulted in increasing Ge content highest in plant, but application more than l0mM citric acid resulted in Ge content decreased. Application of $GeO_2$ increased Ge content in callus and plant but had a tendency to decrease some mineral content, on the other hand application of $0.\;1{\sim}1mM$ citric acid with $GeO_2$ had a tendency to increase mineral content.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.393-400
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• 2011

This study investigates the effects of a hangover beverage (MIX) that contains minerals (highly-salty mineral water, HSMW) and several medicinal plant extracts, on antioxidant and alcohol-metabolizing enzymes in alcohol administered Sprague-Dawley rats. HSMW is pumped from below the sedimentary rock layer of Dadaepo, Busan, South Korea, which is 1,050 m below the land surface; it tastes salty, like sea water. In terms of medicinal plant extracts, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Rubus coreanus and Cornus officinalis were measured as being significantly higher than those in Curcuma longa. The results suggest that treatment with MIX significantly increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity. In the 10% HSMW-, for MIX- and company product (CP)-treated groups, the concentration of blood alcohol was significantly reduced 1~5 hr after alcohol loading, compared to that in the control group. In hepatic alcohol-metabolizing enzyme activities, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was found to be higher in the MIX- and CP-treated groups than in controls, whereas acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was significantly higher in the CP-treated groups than other groups. This study concludes, therefore, that MIX (HSMW) minerals, like as Zn, Ca, Mg, Mn, and others stimulate alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, while the antioxidants of plant extracts prevent the damage otherwise incurred by alcohol toxicity. These results suggest that the hangover beverage (MIX) alleviates alcohol hangover symptoms by stimulating activities related to hepatic alcohol-metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant effects.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.158-165
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to clarify the origins of grubs which were used in the experiments, and to determine many other effects that are now written in the classical medical and herbal books. We compared the efficacy of grubs written in the herbal and medical books on the one hand, and studied the origins of grubs used in the experiments, on the other hand. The following results were obtained. There are three kinds of grub species for medicinal uses. Holorichia diomphalia Bates mainly produced in China, Cetoniidae species mainly produced in Korea, and Protaeria brevitarsis in Korean folk remedy are three species. Grubs were used in 25 experiments. Of these experiments, Holotrichia diomphalia were used 12 times, Larve of Protaeria brevitarsis 3 times, and Protaetia orientalis was used once. So, of total 25 experiments, 36%(9 experiments) did not clarify the origins of grubs used in the experiments. Currently, the grubs, which are imported from China and used in Korea, are Holotrichia diomphalia Bates from China. Current experimental study shows that grubs have efficacy for protecting liver. So the use of grubs in folk medicine is believed to be based on the scientific evidence. Efficacy of grubs, though it is not recorded in the medical books, has the effects of anti-cancer(anti-tumor), antioxidant, and anti-diabetes mellitus. The ingredients of Holotrichia are protein, peptide, fat, enzyme, mineral, and other several nutrients. Study on the grubs so far has a tendency to be done with little focus on the differen of origin of grubs. So, from now on, it needs that the origin of grubs be clarified, and the study on the efficacy from each origin be done. Considering the effects that the classical herbal books have recorded, it is necessary that more profound study proceed to prevent and treat diseases on eyes and ears, on the basis of the fact that grub has multiple ingredients to replenish the vital essence.