• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제67권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 1984

Elderberry는 고대인(古代人)에게 약용식물(藥用植物)로 알려졌으며 Europe에서는 옛부터 설사약(지사제(止瀉劑))으로 쓰여 왔다. 꽃은 휘발성 정유(精油)를 함유(含有)하고 있어서 제모(製慕), 향료(香料) 및 로숀 같은 화장품 등에 쓰이는데 주(主)로 꽃을 물로서 증류(蒸溜)해서 사용(使用)하며, 잎은 지방(脂肪)을 green colour로 착색(着色)하는데 사용(使用)되고, 잎과 수피(樹皮)는 곤충(昆虫)이 싫어하는 기피성 물질이 들어 있어서 내충성(耐虫性) 식물(植物)이 된다. 과실(果實)은 향기(香氣)와 천연식용색소(天然食用色素)로서 주요시(主要視)되어 상대적(商業的)으로는 주(主)로 jam, jelly, pies, juice, wine을 만드는데 쓰여진다. 영양가(營養價)는 1941년(年) Andross가 vitamin-c의 함유량(含有量)이 25~30mg/100g 이라고 보고 했으나 그 외(外)의 vitamin이나 각종(各種) mineral 및 영양가(營養價)는 지금까지 보고(報告)된 바 없다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 각종영양가(各種營養價)와 minerals, vitamins, 그리고 식용천연색소(食用天然色素)의 파장(波長)을 측정(測定)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) 신선(新鮮) Elderberry 과즙(果汁)은 mineral이 11종(種)이 함유(含有)되어 있는 바 Ca : 0.012%, Mg : 0.023%, K : 0.10%, Na : 0.0019%, Fe : 0.0009%, Co : 0.0002%, Zn : 0.0004%, Cu : 0.0001%, P : 0.036%, Mn : 0.0006%, I : $1{\mu}g/g$ 등이 고루 함유(含有)되어 있다. 2) vitamin류(類)는 5종(種)이 함유(含有)되어 있는데, vitamin-$B_1$ : $1{\mu}g/g$, vitamin-$B_2$ : $0.5{\mu}g/g$, vitamin-C : 0.3mg/g, niacin : $14{\mu}g/g$, choline chloride : 0.3 mg/g 으로 되어 있다. 3) 과즙내(果汁內)에는 주요(主要) 영양가(營養價)로서 조단백(粗蛋白) : 1.10%, fat : 026%, carbohydrate : 6.9%, pectin : 0.76%, tannin : 0.89%, ash : 0.80%, water : 90.9% 인데 100g 당 34.3 cal을 보였다. 4) 신선(新鮮)한 과즙(果汁)의 적자색(赤紫色)인 천연색소(天然色素)는 최고파장(最高波長) $523{\sim}530m{\mu}$을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1998

Lately public interest in tree saps of maple and birch trees stimulated to increase demands for sap drink as a natural medical beverage. In order to understand factors affecting tree sap flows, birch species, particularly Betula platyphylla in Mt.Sobaek area, were monitored for daily sap flows according to factors, such as DBH, tapping hole sizes and direction of hole drilling on the trunks. The chemical constituents of saps were also analyzed. The sap flow initiated from the end of March and finished at the end of April. The flow maxima appeared from April 14th to April 26th. Total amounts of the sap flow obtained from birch tree were over 1,800 ml per day per one tree. Sap flows were increased with increasing DBH and tree age. Six milimeter drilled hole resulted in the highest sap flows. Sap flows increased with increases of diameter and height of the trees. Hole drilling to downward side(south-facing) of tree produced almost doubled sap flows than that of upward one(north-facing), while rightside drilling produced same amounts of saps to that of leftside one. Six mm drilling gave the best results not only in maximum flows but also effective hole occluding rates. The saps have in the range of 4.5 to 5.6 pH and l.0 - 2.0% of saccharinity. Sucrose, glucose, fructose and high mineral contents were found in the saps of birch tree. The tree saps could be utilized not only medicinal drink, but also one of the healthy beverages.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.395-405
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• 2015

Insamsokmieum (人蔘粟米飮), which is a kind of water gruels made with millet, ginseng, glutinous rice, and some minor ingredients, was frequently used as a medicinal food for the royal family, and it appeared first at the 10th year of King Sukjong's reign. We investigated Insamsokmieum through a literature review and the "SeungjeongwonIlgi(承政院日記)" of King Sukjong (肅宗) from his 1st year (1674) to 46th year (1720). We analyzed the nutritional value and efficacy of Insamsokmieum. In Oriental medicine, Insamsokmieum is prescribed mainly to treat symptoms such as nausea, languidness, and exhaustion in King Sukjong and Queen Inhyun (仁顯王后). In nutritional terms, Insamsokmieum has higher nutrition density than that of rice porridges (白粥) and has relatively high vitamin and mineral contents. Some nutrients such as leucine and glutamic acid, which are contained in the millet, are also known to help alleviate these symptoms. Whereas there have been studies on the efficacy and types of diet during the Joseon Dynasty, studies regarding nutrition characteristics are lacking. This study will demonstrate the superiority of dietary treatments of the Joseon Dynasty and their potential for application to modern nutrition.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1123-1126
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• 2006

소나무 잔나비버섯은 약용으로 이용하고자 구성아미노산, 유리아미노산, 비타민, 무기물의 성을 분석 검토한 결과 건조버섯 100 g당 총아미노산은 2901.5 mg, 유리아미노산 68.67 mg, 비타민 276.91 mg, 무기물은 347.37 mg이었다. 총 아미노산의 구성아미노산은 18종의 아미노산으로 구성되었으며, glutamic acid가 457 mg로 가장 많이 함유되었고, threonine, glycine, aspartic acid, valine등의 순으로 각각 279 mg, 241 mg, 233 mg, 233 mg의 함량이었다. 유리아미노산 중에서는 glutamine이 17.61 mg으로 가장 많이 함유되어 있고, arginine, tryptophan, threonine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine이 각각 6.51 mg, 5.65 mg, 4.38 mg, 4.02 mg, 3.89 mg, 2.69 mg, 1.51 mg, 1.87 mg등의 순으로 구성되었다. 소나무잔나비 버섯의 무기물 구성 중, 성분 P가 77.57 mg로 가장 많이 함유되었고 다음으로 Mg, Fe, Ca, Na, Zn,등의 순이었다. 풍부한 아미노산 및 무기물 함량과 더불어 소나무잔나비 버섯의 비타민 성분 중, vitamin E는 275.76 mg으로 노화방지에 효과가 높을 것으로 사료되고, 추후 기능성 식품으로 이용적 가치가 높을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2021

Aspilia africana (Pers) C.D.Adams, a plant used for centuries in many African countries to treat diseases such as osteoporosis, malaria, tuberculosis, and diabetes, is of great pharmaceutical interest, yet there is limited scientific literature on its germination and growth. This research paper describes the effects of different commercial soils on the germination, growth, and chlorophyll content of A. africana. The germination parameters assessed included final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), and germination index (GI). Shoot length, leaf number, and fresh and dry weights were some of the parameters used to assess A. africana growth. The FGP was low and did not vary significantly; the MGT was 7 ~ 10 days; and the GI was significantly higher in PPS soil at 4.61 ± 0.332 days. Aspilia africana plants in HS:PPS soil showed the best overall growth, producing the highest mean leaf number (18.00 ± 1.129), longest mean shoot length (202.43 ± 13.451 mm), and highest mean fresh and dry weights (7.08 ± 1.061 g and 0.629 ± 0.112 g, respectively). The highest chlorophyll content in leaves of A. africana under HS:PPS conditions suggested a higher photosynthetic potential of plants in this soil. The best growth performance of A. africana in the HS:PPS soil could be attributed to a higher amount of certain mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus in the HS:PPS soil compared to the other soil categories. It is unclear why the FGP of A. africana was low and we recommend an exclusive study to investigate this further.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2021

Centella asiatica (CA) is a vegetable that has been used for medicinal purposes for a long time, but it is not well known in Korea. In this study, the approximate analysis, physicochemical properties, free sugars, free amino acids and minerals of native and improved CA cultivated in Chungju area were measured. And the antioxidant contents and activities of CA solvent extracts were measured. There was no significant difference between native and improved species. As for the characteristics of CA, it was confirmed that the improved species had a large weight, size and a tough texture. Glucose was detected in native CA, fructose, glucose and sucrose were detected in improved species. A total of 15 free amino acids were detected and the content was slightly higher in improved species than in native species. The mineral content in CA was slightly higher in the improved species, and the detected minerals were Na, P, Ca, K, Mg and Fe. Polyphenols, ascorbic acid and flavonoids in each extraction solvent (water, 70% and 100% ethanol) were all higher in the improved species than in native species. And it was found that the antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts were higher than that of water.

• 생약학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.332-339
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• 2020

Lentinus edodes (LE) is the first medicinal macrofungus to enter the realm of modern biotechnology. Lentinus edodes is well-known to have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy in female rats, and the prevention and treatment efficacy of the climacteric disease the postmenopausal type I pattern was examined using the experimental substance. Female rats were either sham-operated (sham; n = 5) or surgically ovariectomized (OVX; five animals per group) and then administered to OVX control, raloxifene hydrochloride 1 mg/kg/day, or LE (20 and 200 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. LE treatment suppressed the ovariectomy-induced reduction of bone mineral density in the entire tibia as well as its metaphysis with a decrease of serum osteocalcin and interleukin-6 levels. In addition, LE is suggested to elevate the serum levels of progesterone hormones and prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. In conclusion, LE 200 mg/kg/day may have inhibitory effects on osteoporosis in OVX rats.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 1996

강활의 캘러스 및 식물체 중 Ge 함량에 미치는 $GeO_2$와 구연산의 영향을 구명하기 위하여 식물체 부위별로 캘러스를 유도하고 캘러스 증식시 $GeO_2$와 구연산을 농도별로 처리하여 증식율 및 캘러스의 Ge 함량을 조사하였으며 강활을 pot에 재배하여 $GeO_2$와 구연산을 농도별로 시용하여 식물체 중의 Ge 함량을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 캘러스 유도는 소엽병 > 엽병 > 소엽 순으로 잘 되었고, 생장 조절제는 2, 4 - D 1. 0ppm에서 가장 잘되었다. 2. 캘러스 증식에는 2, 4 - D 농도별로는 2, 4 - D 2. 0ppm에서, 2, 4 - D 2. 0ppm이 첨가된 배지에서 $GeO_2$ 농도별로는 $GeO_2$ 2. 5ppm에서 2, 4 - D 2. 0ppm과 $GeO_2$ 2. 5ppm 첨가한 배지에서 구연산 농도와 pH별로는 구연산 0. 1, 1mM, pH 6에서 캘러스 증식이 가장 좋았다. 3. 캘러스 중 Ge 함량은 $GeO_2$ 시용량이 20ppm까지는 많을수록 높았고, 구연산과 pH 별로는 구연산은 0. 1mM, pH는 낮을수록 Ge 함량이 높았다. 4. 식물체 부위별 Ge 함량은 잎 > 뿌리 > 줄기 순으로 함량이 높았으며, $GeO_2$ 시용으로 Ge 함량이 높았고, 구연산 시용은 구연산 1mM에서 Ge 함량(含量)이 가장 높았고, 10mM 이상에서는 오히려 감소되었다. 5. $GeO_2$ 시용량 증가는 캘러스나 식물체 중 $GeO_2$ 함량을 증가시키나 기타 무기성분 함량은 감소되는 경향이었고 구연산 $0.\;1{\sim}1mM$ 시용으로 약간 증가되는 경향이다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2011

항산화 작용에 효과가 있다고 알려진 복분자, 울금, 산수유 추출물과 알코올분해 효소 작용을 촉진시킬 수 있는 천연미네랄수(HSMW)를 첨가한 복합물(MIX)이 항산화 활성 및 알코올을 투여한 쥐의 혈중 알코올 농도와 체내 알코올 대사에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 검토하였다. 약용식물 추출물에서 복분자, 산수유의 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량이 유의적으로 높게 정량되었으며, DPPH radical scavenging과 SOD 활성에서는 MIX가 유의적으로 높아 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 혈중 알코올 농도를 측정한 결과에서 10% HSMW 투여군이 대조군의 농도보다 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. MIX와 CP 투여군은 모든 시간 경과 후에 대조군의 농도보다 유의적인 차이를 나타내었으며 두 군 간의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았지만 고농도가 저농도에 비해 5~10% 더 감소하였다. MIX와 CP 투여군의 간 균질액의 ADH 활성은 정상군에 비해 유의적인 차이를 볼 수 없었으며, ALDH 활성은 MIX와 CP 투여군이 유의적으로 높았다. 또한 혈청 중 간 기능 지표 효소인 GOT, GPT 활성은 MIX 투여군이 정상군과 비슷한 활성을 보여 간 손상이 적었음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 MIX에 함유된 미네랄수(HSMW)인 Zn, Ca, Mg, Mn 등이 알코올 분해 효소 활성을 조절함과 동시에 약용식물 추출물이 항산화 작용을 하여 음주로 인해 발생하는 숙취 증상과 산화적 스트레스를 효과적으로 완화시킬 수 있으며, 체내 알코올 대사에 직 간접적으로 작용해 간 기능의 저하를 방지하는 기능성 숙취 음료로 사용될 것이라고 사료되어진다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to clarify the origins of grubs which were used in the experiments, and to determine many other effects that are now written in the classical medical and herbal books. We compared the efficacy of grubs written in the herbal and medical books on the one hand, and studied the origins of grubs used in the experiments, on the other hand. The following results were obtained. There are three kinds of grub species for medicinal uses. Holorichia diomphalia Bates mainly produced in China, Cetoniidae species mainly produced in Korea, and Protaeria brevitarsis in Korean folk remedy are three species. Grubs were used in 25 experiments. Of these experiments, Holotrichia diomphalia were used 12 times, Larve of Protaeria brevitarsis 3 times, and Protaetia orientalis was used once. So, of total 25 experiments, 36%(9 experiments) did not clarify the origins of grubs used in the experiments. Currently, the grubs, which are imported from China and used in Korea, are Holotrichia diomphalia Bates from China. Current experimental study shows that grubs have efficacy for protecting liver. So the use of grubs in folk medicine is believed to be based on the scientific evidence. Efficacy of grubs, though it is not recorded in the medical books, has the effects of anti-cancer(anti-tumor), antioxidant, and anti-diabetes mellitus. The ingredients of Holotrichia are protein, peptide, fat, enzyme, mineral, and other several nutrients. Study on the grubs so far has a tendency to be done with little focus on the differen of origin of grubs. So, from now on, it needs that the origin of grubs be clarified, and the study on the efficacy from each origin be done. Considering the effects that the classical herbal books have recorded, it is necessary that more profound study proceed to prevent and treat diseases on eyes and ears, on the basis of the fact that grub has multiple ingredients to replenish the vital essence.