• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.600-609
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• 1995

Studies on the pharmaco-constituents from the leaves of Cercts chinensis which have been used for the treatment of inflammation, contusion, dilated blood, pain of heart and stomach, edema, etc. in Korean folk remedies were carried out. Dried leaves of the plant were extracted with MeOH. The MeOH extract was suspended in distilled water and subsequently fractionated with $Et_{2}O$ and n-BuOH. From the $Et_{2}O$ and n-BuOH fractions, six phenolic compounds were isolated and identified as myricitrin($C_{21}H_{20}O_{12}, {\;}m.p.{\;}199~200^{\circ}$. $4myricetin-3-O-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranoside$), kaempferol($C_{15}H_{10}O_{6}, {\;}m.p. 276^{\circ}$), quercetin($C_{15}Ha_{10}O_{7}, {\;}m.p.{\;}313~314^{\circ}$), quercitrin ($C_{21}H_{20}O_{12}, {\;}m.p.{\;}176~178^{\circ}, {\;}quercetin-3-O-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranoside$), gallicin ($C_{8}H_{8}O_{5}, {\;}m.p.{\;}202~203^{\circ}$. methyl gallate), gallic acid ($C_{7}H_{6}O_{5}, {\;}m.p.{\;}260~265^{\circ}) through their physico-chemical data and UV, IR, EI-MS, $^{13}C-NMR$, and $^{1}H-NMR$ analysis with authentics.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1116-1119
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• 2003

Ma huang, the dried plant stem of Ephedra Intermedia Schrenk et CA, is one of the well known medicinal herbs, and has been used for the diaphoretic, antiasthmatic, and diuretic actions. Ma huang is an ephedrine type alkaloid used for the weight loss and energy expenditure. Medications based on the Ma huang have been found to be effective in the treatment of obesity. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36-amino-acid peptide and concentrated in the hypothalamus, stimulates feeding desire and decrease energy expenditure. In the present study, the effect of Ma huang on the expression of NPY in the rat hypothalamus was investigated using immunohistochemistry. The present results demonstrated that Ma huang treatment suppressed weight gain and NPY expression in the hypothalamus depending upon the dosage used. Based on the results, it can be suggested that Ma huang treatment is effective in curbing the desire for food via modulation of NPY expression under the normal conditions.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to determine the radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol extracts of 32 medical plant species that have been commonly used in medicinal plants. Total phenolic index of T. chebula exhibited the highest value (498.01㎎/g), followed by R. coreanus miquel (400.33㎎/g), Sanguisorba officinalis (368.25㎎/g), P. thumbergiana (259.74㎎/g) and Eugenia aromaticum (229.38㎎/g). Radical scavenging activity for the DPPH radical was highest in T. chebula (40.91%, p<0.01), followed by C. sappan (36.50%), S. officinalis (32.92%), R. coreanus miquel (26.54%) and P. thumbergiana (24.50%). The extracts from T. chebula, R. coreanus muquel, C. sappan, E. aromaticum, S. officinalis and C. japonica possessed outstanding antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum. MIC was determined on those extracts that showed high efficacy against the test organisms. The most potent MIC values were seen for T. chebula extract against P. aeruginosa, S. aurusa, E. coli, B. subtilis, L. plantarum and S. Typhimurium at 7.8, 7.8, 15.6, 7.8, 125 and 31.2㎍/mL, respectivley. Furthermore, the total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity were very closely correlated for all samples (r=0.78). The coefficient correlations between total phenolic index and antimicrobial activity were 0.91 (E. coli), 0.91 (B. subtillis), 0.79 (P. aeruginosa), 0.79 (S. Typhimurium) and 0.70 (L. plantarum).

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.107-107
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• 2019

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic inflammatory response and dysregulation of immune function. The severity of US has been influenced by environmental factors and food habit. The immune modulatory, anti-inflammatory and steroidal medicine have been used for the treatment of UC. However, long-term administration of those medicine is accompanied with side-effect. So, it is necessary to develop the non side-effect medicine using natural product. Prebiotics influences intestinal condition and food consumption. The heredity, immunity and environmental condition are related with occurrence of UC. In recent study, UC patients had lower level of prebiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium compared with healthy people. Also, previous study announced that imbalance of enteric flora aggravates the severity of UC. The effectiveness of probiotics might affect colon ability and viable bacteria also could promote the proliferation of beneficial intestinal bacteria. Prebiotics, such as herbal medicine, could lead to balance of intestinal bacteria or increase beneficial bacteria. So, proper choice of herbal medicine could control the intestinal condition. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mixture of probiotics and prebiotics (synbiotics) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in vivo. The synbiotics consist of Lactobacillus buchneri, Polymnia sonchifolia and Glycine max Merr. in this study. To evaluate the effect of synbiotics, 3% DSS was administered in BALB/c mice and synbiotics was daily administered for experimental days. The administration of synbiotics regulated colon length shortening, body weight change and disease activity index effectively. Also, extract of synbiotics upregulated survival ability of Lactobacillus buchneri in gut condition. These results suggest that mixture of probiotics and prebiotics, called as synbiotics, could influence intestinal condition also regulate the colon disease. Synbiotics might be a therapeutic agent for treatment of UC.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.96-96
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• 2022

Dillenia turbinata Finet & Gagnep. has been known to be used for couch cold, Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet for pimple, Garcinia tinctoria (DC.) Dunn for oedema. and Garcinia cowa Roxb. for detoxification for a long time. To determine whether these plants have anti-inflammatory effects, we performed nitric oxide (NO) assay. Raw264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS and treated with methanol extracts of these plants. Garcinia cowa Roxb. did not relatively show anti-inflammatory effect, compared to Redcharm extract control as previously used. However, Dillenia, Clerodendrum and Garcinia tinctoria demonstrated significantly higher anti-inflammatory effects in NO assay. We then tested whether these extracts have cytotoxic effect with MTT assay in Raw264.7 cells. Dillenia, Clerodendrum, Garcinia tinctoria and Garcinia cowa Roxb. showed almost similar cell survival rate. This implies that all these plants have almost no significant cytotoxic effects. Taken together, these results suggest that Dillenia, Clerodendrum, and Garcinia tinctoria, but not Garcinia cowa Roxb. are a good anti-inflammatory agent to be developed for medical applications.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.990-997
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• 2006

Sarcococca saligna is a shrub that is traditionally used for its medicinal properties in Pakistan. In this study we report the cardio-suppressant, vasodilator and tracheal relaxant activities of the aqueous-methanolic extract (Ss.Cr) of the plant. Ss.Cr, that tested positive for the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and alkaloids, exhibited a dose-dependent (0.3-5 mg/mL) negative inotropic and chronotropic effect on the isolated guinea-pig atrium which was resistant to atropine ($1\;{\mu}M$) and aminophylline ($10\;{\mu}M$) pretreatment. In rabbit thoracic aorta, Ss.Cr dose-dependently (0.1-3 mg/mL) relaxed the high $K^{+}$ (80 mM) and phenylephrine ($PE,\;1\;{\mu}M$)-induced contractions, indicating a possible $Ca^{++}$ channel blocking (CCB) effect. When tested against PE ($1\;{\mu}M$) control peaks in normal $Ca^{++}\;and\;Ca^{++}$-free Kreb's solution, Ss.Cr exhibited dose-dependent (0.1-3 mg/mL) inhibition, being more potent in relaxing the PE responses in $Ca^{++}$-free Kreb's solution, thus indicating specific blockade of $Ca^{++}$ release from the intracellular stores. Ss.Cr also relaxed the agonist-induced contractions in: a) rat aorta irrespective of the presence of endothelium or nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME and b) rabbit and guinea-pig tracheal strips. The data shows that Ss.Cr possesses possible $Ca^{++}$ channel blocking activity which might be responsible for its observed cardio-suppressant, vasodilator and tracheal relaxant effects though more tests are required to confirm this $Ca^{++}$ channel blocking effect.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.351-359
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• 2014

A beverage was produced by the fermentation of mixed extracts from the various fruits, vegetables, algae, and medical herbs. The physicochemical properties of the fermented beverage of plant extracts (FBPE) and microbial diversity were analyzed in cultures enriched from FBPE using 16S and 26S rRNA gene sequence analyses. The pH, acidity, $^{\circ}brix$, reducing sugar, and alcohol contents of the FBPE were determined to be the 3.48, 1.68%, 70.0, 1,026 g/L, and 3.5%, respectively. The most abundant free sugar and organic acid in the FBPE were glucose (567.83 g/L) and tartaric acid (93.68 mg/L), respectively. Lactobacillus homohiochii was the predominant species in all enriched culture samples: 100% of the species in 0B (0% sugar) and 40B (40% sugar) libraries and 95.6% of 20B library (20% sugar). Lactobacillus fructivorans was detected in the 20B library. The predominant species in the samples of enrichment cultures collected from FBPE with three different sugar concentrations were: Candida zeylanoides (45.2%) in the 0Y library (0% sugar), Candida lactis-condensi (35.7%) and C. zeylanoides (35.7%) in the 20Y library (20% sugar), and C. lactis-condensi (38.1%) in the 40Y library (40% sugar). This result may provide a useful frame of reference for further analyses of microbial population dynamics in FBPE.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5628-5636
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• 2014

Currently, many countries have an interest in developing cosmetics materials using native plants. In this aspect, there is increasing need to develop cosmetics materials using native plants in our county. In the present study, calluses were induced from Artemisia annua Linne, which was highlighted because of its useful effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-fungal and anti-inflammation. Water and ethanol extractions were performed from the calluses of Artemisia annua Linne. After the mass production of Artemisia annua Linne's calluses, water and ethanol extraction was performed to examine its functional roles in healing wounds and inflammation. The differences in the effective elements were observed in the ethanol extract. The callus showed anti-inflammation activity through the suppression of the inflammation-related gene, COX-2, and ethanol extracts showed their ability to heal wounds. Overall, these results suggest that the extract of Artemisia annua Linne's calluses is a natural and environment-friendly material, and can be used as medical supplies associated with anti-inflammation and healing wounds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.510-518
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• 2012

This study examined the biological activity and synergistic effects of an extract of Wa-song ($Orostachys$ $japonicus$, OE), a medicinal plant mixture (MPE) and a combination of both at different ratios (1:1, OMPE-1 and 3:1, OMPE-3). Extracts of the medicinal plants mixture were comprised of Baekbokyung, Changchul and Sa-in at the same ratio. The antioxidant activity of the extracts and their complex were tested $in$ $vitro$. The $in$ $vivo$ antioxidant activity was also analyzed by examining the lipid composition in the liver and kidney of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes rats. The nitric oxide radical scavenging activity was more than 50% in OMPE-3 at a 1,000 ${\mu}g$/mL concentration. Regarding metal ions, such as $Fe^{2+}$ and $Cu^{2+}$, the antioxidant activity of OMPE-1 and OMPE-3 was higher than that of OE and MPE. OMPE-1 and 3 had higher activity on $Cu^{2+}$ ions than $Fe^{2+}$ ions. The ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity of the OE extract was higher than that of MPE and OMPE-1 but the relative activity of OMPE-3 was significantly higher than the others. Freeze-dried MPE, OMPE-1 and OMPE-3 were added to the diet at a level of 1% given to STZ induced diabetes rats for 4 weeks. The OMPE-1 and OMPE-3 administered groups showed significant decreases in the total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the liver and kidney. In these groups, the glycogen accumulation level of the liver was increased significantly. The content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the liver and kidney was decreased but the DPPH radical scavenging activity was increased. These results suggest that Wa-song extract exhibits antioxidant and antidiabetic activity, which are enhanced by a complex with a medical plants extract.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.605-610
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• 2007

This experimental study was performed to evaluate the effects of ehtanol extract of Purple Solanum tuberosum L(EPSTL) on obesity and hyperlipidemia in rats induced by high fat diet. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal group, control group, EPSTL (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) treated group. EPSTL was orally administered to the obese rats by high fat diet for 6 weeks. The effect of EPSTL on obesity and hyperlipidemia were examined in vitro and in vivo as follows : EPSTL effectively inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a concentration dependent manner. EPSTL significantly lowered body weight of rats fe high fat diet for 6 weeks from 4 weeks treatment compared with untreated control. EPSTL significantly reduced the weight of retroperitoneal fat only at 100 mg/kg and epididymal fat pad in rats fed high fat diet for 4 weeks at 100 and 200 mg/kg. EPSTL significantly reduced the level of triglyceride at 200 mg/kg, while EPSTL tended to lower the levels of total lipid and phospholipid in rats fed high fat diet for 4 weeks with no significance. EPSTL significantly attenuated the level of total cholesterol, LDL and atherosclerosis index (Al) as well as increased the level of HDL at 200 mg/kg. EPSTL significantly reduced the levels of total lipid and triglyceride of hepatic tissues in rats fed high fat diet for 4 weeks at 200 mg/kg. EPSTL significantly lowered the level of insulin, while it did not affect leptin compared with untreated control. Taken together, these results suggest that EPSTL can be used for the treatment or prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity.