• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.189-198
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• 2002

Objective : To research the trend of the study related to rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and to establish the hereafter direction of the study on RA. Methods : We have selected 12 medical report about RA in Arthritis & Rheumatism and Journal of Rheumatology recently, reviewed them, and investigated their methods. Results & Conclusions : The pattern of study was as follows: physical & serologic research in 2 articles, immunologic research in 7 articles, and genetic research in 3 articles. There is now evidence of the benefit of treatment early in the disease course and evidence of the impact of treatment on outcomes. New classes of therapeutic agents have also been introduced. Wherever possible, these revised guidelines are evidence-based. By the above results, it would be needed further research on RA mechanism related immunologic and genetic process.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose robot control interface using gaze recognition which is not limited by head motion. Most of the existing gaze recognition methods are working well only if the head is fixed. Furthermore the methods require a correction process per each person. The interface in this paper uses a camera with built-in infrared filter and 2 LED light sources to see what direction the pupils turn to and can send command codes to control the system, thus it doesn't need any correction process per each person. The experimental results showed that the proposed interface can control the system exactly by recognizing user's gaze direction.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-23
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• 2017

Purpose In this paper, we proposed alternate neighborhood system and reverse spread-direction approach for accurate and fast cellular automata-based image segmentation method. Materials and Methods On the basis of a simple but effective interactive image segmentation technique based on a cellular automaton, we propose an efficient algorithm by using Moore and designed neighborhood system alternately and reversing the direction of the reference pixels for spreading out to the surrounding pixels. Results In our experiments, the GrabCut database were used for evaluation. According to our experimental results, the proposed method allows cellular automata-based image segmentation method to faster while maintaining the segmentation quality. Conclusion Our results proved that proposed method improved accuracy and reduced computation time, and also could be applied to a large range of applications.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.715-722
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to suggest an effective future development direction of dental medical tourism in Korea by examining dental hygienists' perception of medical tourism and factors which are necessary to boost medical tourism. Methods : The subjects in this study were the dental hygienists who worked in Seoul. The study was conducted on 189 people who participated in refresher training, which was held in November 2010, by the Seoul Dental Hygienist Association. Self-administered questionnaire surveys were used. Results : 1. 106 people (56.1%) responded that medical tourism is "a tour to treat illness" and 73 (39.5%) responded that the introduction of medical tourism is "timely." 2. opposition against the introduction of medical tourism accounted for the highest proportion (61.6%) and the reason for it was "concern for mushrooming of untested types of medical treatment." 3. 131 people (71.6%) responded that they are willing to participate in medical treatment of medical tourism and 172 (93.0% of participants) cited "communication" as a most difficult issue. 4. Those who recognized medical tourism proved to have higher intentions to invest time and money to prepare for it (p<.002). Conclusions : In order to boost medical tourism, a unified treatment program for foreigners and training program for medical staff throughout the hospitals should be established.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2019

Purpose: Although multi-directional reaching exercises are commonly used clinically, the effects of specific movement directions on the muscle systems of the lower extremities have not been explored. We therefore investigated lower extremity muscle activity during reaching exercises with different sagittal and horizontal plane movements. Methods: The surface electromyography responses of the bilateral rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and gastrocnemius muscles were measured during reaching exercises in three directions in the horizontal plane (neutral, $45^{\circ}$ horizontal shoulder adduction, and $45^{\circ}$ abduction) and three directions in the sagittal plane (neutral, $120^{\circ}$ flexion, and $60^{\circ}$ flexion). A total of 20 healthy, physically active participants completed six sets of reaching exercises. Two-way repeated ANOVA was performed: body side (ipsilateral and contralateral) was set as the intra-subject factor and direction of reach as the inter-subject factor. Results: Reaching at $45^{\circ}$ horizontal shoulder adduction significantly increased the activity of the contralateral rectus femoris and gastrocnemius muscles, while $45^{\circ}$ horizontal shoulder abduction activated the ipsilateral rectus femoris and gastrocnemius muscles. The rectus femoris activity was significantly higher with reaching at a $120^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion compared to the other conditions. The gastrocnemius activity decreased significantly as the shoulder elevation angle increased from $60^{\circ}$ to $120^{\circ}$. Conclusion: Our results suggest that multi-directional reaching stimulates the lower extremity muscles depending on the movement direction. The muscles acting on two different joints responded to the changes in reaching direction, whereas the muscles acting on one joint were not activated with changes in reaching direction.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.532-544
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• 2017

Objectives: Because the amount of medical waste (i.e., health-care waste) generated in Korea is rapidly increasing and social concern against its safety is widespread, a number of issues related with medical wastes are being discussed. The purpose of this study is to compare diverse medical waste management systems worldwide and propose future directions of a medical waste management system in Korea. Methods: Literature review was conducted mainly on the WHO, and developed countries such as the European Union (Germany, Belgium and UK), Japan and the United States. For these countries, the data with respect to their systems for medical waste management ranging from the definition of medical waste to the whole processes of collection, transportation and disposal were summarized and compared. Results: The terminology and classification of medical wastes were not consistent for WHO recommendation, EU, Japan, US and Korea. Comparison of the collection, storage, transportation and disposal of medical waste showed that Korea had rather stronger regulations for medical waste management compared to developed countries including Belgium (Flanders region), Germany, Japan and the US. Considering that developed countries adopt rather flexible disposal system especially for general medical wastes which pose lower possibility of infection, Korean government could consider diversifying disposal methods other than incineration. It may also be very important to try to reduce the amount of medical wastes and enough capacity for off-site incineration are secured. Conclusion: Our study of international comparisons suggests that it is necessary to continue to identify advantages and disadvantages of the current medical waste management systems and establish more effective one in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2014

Objectives : The Phrase, Ki goes to Essence and Essence goes to Change in Eumyangeungsangdaeron in Suwen have contradiction in direction of Ki. Because this phrase linked to relation of Taste, Shape, Ki, Essence and Change, each others are supposed to be treated systematically. Methods : We will review on annotations of past doctors and new opinions of resent scholars. Results : Ki has two meanings in this phrase ; Ki of food and Ki of ability in human nature. Conclusions : From the Taste through Shape to Ki of food are the way of Eum aspect and from the Ki of ability through Essence to Change are the way of Yang aspect.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

Objective The purpose of this study is to work on the direction of the study with regard to the sarcopenic obesity. Methods We searched articles relative to sarcopenic obesity in the KyungHee University Meta-analysis database. We classified articles according to type of study and subject clinical characteristics, assessment, medical complications and treatment. Results and Conclusion Data from this pilot study showed that sarcopenic obesity is associated with metabolic abnormality, cancer, increased frailty, physical disability and inflammatory markers. Therefore, clinical studies are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of management for sarcopenic obesity.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2020

Objective: Many caregivers often carry infants using baby carriers until they are approximately 36 months old. The purpose of this study was to compare the muscular activity of the trunk and lower leg muscles during trunk flexion-extension movements in correspondence to various wearing methods of a baby carrier blanket. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Sixteen healthy adult women were to wear baby carrier blankets in five different ways in terms of direction and height, followed by flexion-extension of the trunk. Erector spinae (ES), rectus abdominis, rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF) muscle activities and triaxial acceleration of trunk were investigated. Results: The front-wearing method of the baby carrier blanket increased the muscular activity of the ES muscle, and wearing the baby carrier blanket at waist height in the same direction was significantly higher than wearing it at pelvic height (p<0.05). As the angle of flexion increased during trunk flexion-extension, the muscle activity of the ES, BF, and the RF increased. There was a greater increase in muscle activity of the ES and the BF during extension compared to flexion (p<0.05). Conclusions: If it is difficult to wear a baby carrier blanket due to lumbar pain, it is recommended to lower the wearing height of the baby carrier to the pelvic level so that the external load can be transferred to the lower extremity. In addition, it appears to be necessary to hold the baby and distribute the load onto the waist through proper body control when performing flexion-extension movements of the trunk. More objective and scientific research that includes various daily tasks and evaluation methods are needed.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.103-130
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• 2019

Objectives : In this paper, the life and medical philosophy of Jo, Heonyeong, a Korean Medical scholar of modern times was studied. Based on his life events and publications, his medical philosophy was examined. Methods : Jo's life tracks were reconstructed based on his books, written contributions, documents on his activities that were collected from newspapers, magazines, papers, etc. In addition, the direction of his Korean Medical research and clinical application as argued by himself was examined. Results : After he himself understood the fundamental principles of Korean Medicine thoroughly, Jo, Heonyeong interpreted the principles of Korean Medicine by means of general scientific methodology along with simple, common knowledge based explanations. He compared Eastern Medicine with Western Medicine and pursued their integration, while making it his objective to have lay people understand medicine and to receive proper medical care and live healthy lives, based on the principles of a righteous government. The reason for his contributions to lay people targeted mediums and writing Korean Medical books that were easy to comprehend was also because of this philosophy. Conclusions : By making efforts to change and improve reality whether it be medicine or politics, Jo, Heongyeong went beyond treatment of diseases and pursued a world where all people could live healthy lives.