• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

Objectives Some major Chinese medical classics like Huangdineijing (黃帝內經) and Nanjing (難經) assert that a normal person breaths 13,500 times every day. It's just half of real breathing cycles of human. So I tried to find a reasonable explanation to solve this conflict between truth and literal description. Materials and methods To find breath count descriptions in Chinese ancient books, I used Kanseki Repository (http://kanripo.org/). To find precedent research on this topic, I used China National Knowledge Infrastructure (http://cnki.net). Results 33 books refers to human breath cycles for a day, and most of them introduce 13,500 as human breathing frequency of one day. Some recent papers on Laoguanshan (老官山) Western Han dynasty manuscripts show new clues on this topic. Conclusion I assume that 13,500 cycles, the incorrect human breathing frequency of a day, might be originated from adjusting the meaning and usage of the word "Xi (息)".

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to report the effects of oriental demonstration treatment for Panic Disorder. Panic Disorder is an anxiety disorder, characterized by panic attacks which are recurring episodes of fear accompanied by somatic symptoms such as shortness of breath, palpitations, chest pain, choking, dizziness, trembling and/or faintness. Objectives: We experienced one case of Panic Disorder treated with Asian medical treatment, acupuncture and herbal medication. 20-year-old female patient suffered from Panic Disorder with nausea and insomnia. Methods: Shihosogantang-gami had been applied to the patient. Results: After treatment her Panic Disorder was improved. Conclusions: Shihosogantang -gami of Asian medical treatment could be safe and effective.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2014

Objective This study aims to understand the actual utilization of the oriental rehabilitation medicine center of the initial interdisciplinary medical care at the National Rehabilitation Center and to arrange proper development plans for more effective interdisciplinary medical services for future activation of interdisciplinary medical care. Method: The interdisciplinary patient status, composition of patient care, and major disease-related status were studied and analyzed for oriental rehabilitation medication relating to interdisciplinary medical care at the National Rehabilitation Center. Furthermore, the interdisciplinary status and its operating conditions were evaluated to devise a development plan for the National Rehabilitation Center. Results: As a result of the analysis of oriental rehabilitation medical care diagnosing status utilization at the National Rehabilitation Center regarding interdisciplinary medical care, the ratio of the number of those receiving interdisciplinary oriental rehabilitation medical care was less than half of the total receiving interdisciplinary care. As the major disease status from the patients of interdisciplinary care, stroke patients covered the large majority, and musculoskeletal pain patients covered the majority of outpatients. The establishment of additional oriental medication departments and assigning of interdisciplinary coordinators were presented as the goals of a development plan for the manpower and structural side of interdisciplinary medical care at the National Rehabilitation Center. On the institutional and systematic side, improvement in the interdisciplinary hierarchy and interdisciplinary model development based on the number of patients per disease was proposed. In addition, operation on ward bedding and construction of interdisciplinary EMR medical care is necessary on the medical and administration service side. Conclusion: To understand the actual utilization and to arrange development plans aimed at constructing a safe and effective interdisciplinary hierarchy for interdisciplinary medical care at the National Rehabilitation Center, patient-centered care needs to be implemented.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2020

Objectives The aim of this study was to suggest basic data of health and medical status in Ethiopia for globalization of Korean Medicine. Methods This study was conducted from 26 to 28, Dec, 2018 in the MCM General Hospital in Addis ababa of Ethiopia. The questionnaire was developed from open form of review of system questionnaire and some question was changed. It was composed of 3 parts: chief complaint, review of system and medical policy. For more information, we interviewed the director of a public health clinic. The 94 questionnaires was collected. Three of them was incomplete, and 91 was analyzed. Results (1) Seventeen people appealed for head problem, and thirteen people for abdomen, and eleven for chest in chief complaint. (2) The number of 22 people had problem in nervous system. Twenty also had diseases of respiratory and digestive system respectively. (3) They also appeal for pain in head, mouth, eye, and neck and complained for fatigue, weight gain or loss, and weakness in review of system. (4) They put the priority on disease prevention than management or treatment. Conclusions This study suggests information on medical status of the people in the medical hospital of Ethiopia which is valuable for globalization of Korean Medicine.

• 한국유전체학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유전체학회 2002년도 The 11th Korea Genome Conference
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• pp.43.1-43.1
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• 2002

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5767-5772
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• 2014

Background and Aim: B7-H1, a co-inhibitory molecule of the B7 family, is found aberrantly expressed in ovarian cancer cells and infiltrating macrophage/dendritic-like cells, and plays a critical role in immune evasion by ovarian cancer. IL-12, an inducer of Th1 cell development, exerts immunomodulatory effects on ovarian cancer. However, whether IL-12 regulates B7-H1 expression in human ovarian cancer associated-macrophages has not been clarified. Therefore, we investigated the effects of IL-12 on the expression of B7-H1 in ovarian cancer-associated macrophages and possible mechanisms. Methods: PMA induced THP-1-derived macrophages or human monocyte-derived macrophages were treated with recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12) or infected with adenovirus carrying human IL-12 gene (Ad-IL-12-GFP) for 24 h, then cocultured with the SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line for another 24 h. Macrophages were collected for real-time PCR and Western blot to detect the expression of B7-H1, and activation of the NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathway. Moreover, supernatants were collected to assay for IL-12, IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-10 by ELISA. In addition, monocyte-derived macrophages treated with IFN-${\gamma}$ were cocultured with SKOV3 and determined for the expression of B7-H1. Furthermore, the expression of B7-H1 in monocyte-derived macrophages was also evaluated after blocking NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling. Results: The expression of B7-H1 was significantly upregulated in monocyte-derived macrophages treated with rIL-12 or Ad-IL-12-GFP compared with the control groups (p<0.05), accompanied by a remarkable upregulation of IFN-${\gamma}$ (p<0.05), a marked downregulation of IL-10 (p<0.05) and activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling. However, the upregulation of B7-H1 was inhibited by blocking the NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathway (p<0.05). Expression of B7-H1 was also increased (p<0.05) in monocyte-derived macrophages treated with IFN-${\gamma}$ and cocultured with SKOV3. By contrast, the expression of B7-H1 in THP-1-derived macrophages was significantly decreased when treated in the same way as monocyte-derived macrophages (p<0.05), and IL-10 was also significantly decreased but IFN-${\gamma}$ was almost absent. Conclusions: IL-12 upregulates the expression of B7-H1 in monocyte-derived macrophages, which is possible though inducing the secretion of IFN-${\gamma}$ and further activating the NF-${\kappa}B$ signal pathway. However, IL-12 downregulates the expression of B7-H1 in THP-1-derived macrophages, associated with a lack of IFN-${\gamma}$ and inhibition of expression of IL-10.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2007

The French paradox has been attributed to the antioxidant properties of flavonoids present in the red wine. Amentoflavone(AF) is a bi-flavonoid compound with anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activities. We isolated AF from Selaginella tamariscina, and studied its effects on nuclear factor-B(NF-B)-mediated MMP-9 gene expression in RAW264.7 cells. AF blocked the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced expression of MMP-9. Zymographic and immunoblot analyses showed that AF suppressed LPS-induced MMP-9 expression in a dose-dependent manner. To clarify the mechanistic basis for its inhibition of MMP-9 induction, we examined the effect of AF on the transactivation of MMP-9 gene by luciferase reporter activity using -1.59 kb flanking region. AF potently suppressed the reporter gene activity. This inhibition was characterized by down-regulation of MMP-9, which was transcriptionally regulated at NF-B site and activation protein-1 (AP-1) site in the MMP-9 promoter, two important nuclear transcription factors that are involved in MMP-9 expression. These findings indicate the efficacy of AF in inhibiting MMP-9 expression through the transcription factors NF-B and AP-1 on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.96-105
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• 2013

Objectives: Bi Jeung (비증) is a pain syndrome derivative of pathological patterns of East Asian medicine. The purpose of this study was to develop a self-rated questionnaire for Bi Jeung. Methods: Twelve questionnaire items for Bi Jeung (3 items for the Wind Bi, 5 items for the Cold Bi, and 4 items for the Dampness Bi) were extracted through the literature review. These items were presented to the 18 Korean medical doctors who specialized in pain medicine to conduct two sessions of the Delphi method. The Korean medical doctors were asked to rate the importance of each item for the corresponding Bi syndromes, using a Likert 7-point scale, and were asked to propose which item should be additionally included to increase determinant power to each Bi syndrome. We determined the 4 points of the importance as a cut-off point of each item. Results: Through two sessions of the Delphi method, two items were deleted because their mean values of the importance were below 4 point. Korean medical doctors proposed to add three items for the Bi Jeung. However, the mean values of only two among the three items were over 4 points, so finally 12 items (3 items for the Wind Bi, 5 items for the Cold Bi, and 4 items for the Damp Bi) were determined for the Bi Jeung questionnaire. Conclusions: It is concluded that a 12 item-Bi Jeung questionnaire comprising the three subcategories of the Bi Jeung (Wind, Cold, and Dampness Bis) possesses contents validity through literature review and Delphi methods.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.460-466
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• 2006

We wondered whether the mechanisms of antiplatelet aggregation of DJS-WE were through multiple pathways. Danggijakyak-san(DJS) consisting of 6 herbes of Paeoniae Radix, Poria Cocos, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Alismatis Rhizoma, is a crude mixture of a commonly used Korean herbal medicine. The water extract (DJS-WE) of DJS has been known to have an anti-platelet aggregation activity. We have reported that DJS-WE inhibited ADP-induced aggregation as well as arachidonic acid-induced aggregation of human platelet. Clinical studies on the cardiovascular effects of DJS-WE have been done in Korea. The DJS has been used as a remedy for gastrointestinal disorders (abdominal pain, dysentery), headache, amenorrhea, and postpartum hemorrhage. It has also been claimed to have a remarkable central stimulant effect, a transient hypertensive effect, and positive inotropic and chronotropic effects. In this paper, we evaluated the possible mechanisms of the antiplatelet activity of DJS-WE using human platelets. On the other hand, the role of DJS-ethanol extract on the inhibition of platelet aggregation and hemolytic effect have not yet been investigated in detail. We also used the method of activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) for the first time to study the inhibition on platelet aggregation activity of DJS-ethanol extract. The effect of DJS-WE on hemolysis was also investigated. DJS-WE showed a high hemolysis ability on human blood.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.11-24
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• 2014

Objectives The aim of this study is to contribute to the establishment of the Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) policies in future, which is through the assessment to predict the realization by diagnostic subjects. Methods First, we evaluated 8 subjects that were deduced by professionals in 1996 regarding whether or not to be realized in 2013. Second, the governmental and private research projects, reports, articles, domestic patents and products were reviewed and investigated. Third, the Subjects in domestic fields of TKM were investigated on the followings: importance, time of realization, domestic Research and Development level, principal agents and methods for the realization, and hindrance factor on the realization. Results Of the 8 forecasting subjects, one subject was realized, two subjects were partly realized and five subjects were unrealized. Thus, their realization rate was 12.5%. The realized subject is the 'Standard naming of the TKM diagnosis'. Conclusion Continuous researches are necessary to realize the TKM subjects and moreover, professionals should predict new feasible TKM subjects, based on this study.