• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.107-116
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• 2001

Despite young age, Internet, as new advertising media, is actively studied worldwide. In 1995, the department of multimedia-related study was first founded in Technical Institute and has carried out the On Internet banner, user is not an object to accept only a message but has a specification to contact with banner actively having various motivation and desire. Internet advertising has various types but banner and e-mail type advertising are main stream. In the view point of recognition and concern rate, banner is very effective because it does not set limit to specific target, but is shown to unspecific audience. Acceding to studies, usage frequency and effect of e-mail type advertising is growing up. And e-mail type advertising is more active because it can target specific audience with various life style. If we can say banner is not so effective in spite of simply good exposure frequency, we can find theoritical background that e-mail type advertising is more effective internet advertising media because high click frequency. And we suppose that this study can be a guide line for measuring process of Internet advertising effect.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

Amphibian population declines globally. Aquatic contamination by organic pollutants including endocrine disrupters has been suspected to the one of the reason for distinction of amphibia which has obligate aquatic life style during larval period. Amphibians have been widely accepted as animal model for the study of endocrine disruption in aquatic ecosystem at molecular as well as individual levels. There are increasing need for toxicological data in amphibians at multiple endpoints for management of contamination and development of safety guideline for important EDs in aquatic media. Alkylphenols have been widely used in agricultural, industrial, and housekeeping activities, contaminating the aquatic media and evoking endocrine disruption in aquatic animals. In this review, we summarized data concerning the endocrine disruption by alkylphenol organic pollutants on amphibians according to route, concentration, terms, and developmental stage of exposure together with mechanism of endocrine disruption.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.103-106
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• 2018

A 12-year-old castrated male Shih Tzu presented with suspected hearing loss. The patient had no history of head trauma or exposure to ototoxic drugs. The results of neurologic and physical examinations were normal. An otoscopic examination showed that both the tympanic membranes and the external ear canals had a normal appearance. However, the results of brainstem auditory evoked response tests confirmed sensorineural deafness in the right ear and indicated conduction disturbances and brainstem abnormalities in the left ear. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to confirm the causes of the conduction disturbances and brainstem abnormalities. Inflammatory changes in the left middle ear were highly suspected to be responsible for the findings in the left ear. The results of these examinations confirmed complete hearing loss in the right ear and indicated otitis media in the left ear, which could have been the cause of the conduction disturbances.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.946-949
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• 2010

The effects of two different sugars (glucose and xylose) on the expression levels and patterns of the xylose reductase (xyl1), xylitol dehydrogenase (xyl2), and xylulokinase (xyl3) genes were analyzed using Pichia stipitis. A significant increase in mRNA levels of xyl1 was observed after 6 h growth in culture conditions using xylose as a sole carbon source, but expressions of the three genes were not influenced by normal culture media with glucose. In addition, expressions of xyl2 and xyl3 were not observed during the entire culture period during which xylose was added. It also was found that the expression level of xyl1 increased as a function of the xylose concentration (40, 60, and 80 g/l) used in this study, indicating that xyl1 expression sensitively responded to xylose in the culture media. Although the induced level of xyl2 increased slightly after 48 h in the xylose-supplemented culture conditions, the expression of xyl2 was not observed in the xylitol-supplemented culture conditions. Finally, considering the expression of each gene in response to glucose or xylose, the absolute expression levels of the three genes indicate that xyl1 is induced primarily by exposure to xylose.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

Objectives: This study identified how personal characteristics, family environment, governmental policy for the prevention and cessation of smoking might influence on adolescent smoking. Methods: This study used data from the 2006 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey of 71,404 middle school and high school students, giving a response rate of 90.9%. We selected 61,508 adolescents subjects of the final analysis without missing data on independent variables and dependent variables which are used in this study. This study used $\chi^2$ tests and logistic regression models. Variables were added to the regression model in three groups using a hierarchical approach.Results: Adolescents were significantly more likely to become current smokers if they were boys, were in a higher grade, and had lower academic achievement. Adolescents experiencing stress and depression were associated with increased risk of current smoking. Adolescents with single parents or students of non-living with parents comparing with students of living with parents showed the high possibility of smoking. Lower father's education was associated with increased likelihood of current smoking. Adolescents who were exposed to smoking at home were more likely to smoke. Adolescents without contacting with the antismoking media campaign was associated with increased likelihood of current smoking. Conclusion: Promoting antismoking media campaigns targeted at adolescent is required, and the smoking prevention education which are proper for subjects are required. Proper plans which could decrease the exposure of secondhand smoking should be established.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.445-450
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• 2019

lock in effect This study aims to examine the viewing pattern of travel vlog on video-sharing platform YouTube. Preliminary survey was conducted with in-depth interviews on the usability and sensibility aspects of creating pleasurable interfaces model. As a result, first, viewers obtains general information on travel using travel vlog. Second, there were difficulties from the informational quantity. Third, the contents marketing using travel vlog could have limitation when it comes to the consistency of product's exposure which common mass media advertisement format have. Improvements driven from this study may provide insight in contents marketing strategy to travel-related companies and provide practical help to creators in contents production.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.84-91
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• 2001

In in vitro cell experiments for the biological assessment of electromagnetic (EM) field, exposure system (ES) must be analyzed in terms of current density (J) and induced electric field intensity (E). Although in uniform B field, E and J in the sample medium are not distributed uniformly because of conductivity in sample dish. Thus, the precise estimation for E and J induced by uniform ELF within sample media is very important keys for successful in in vitro experiments. In this paper, we designed in vitro ELF ES with electromagnetic analysis using MATLAB simulator. Then we calculated from the measured B field to verify induced E & J distribution for random locations of cells within media in two cases of samples existence or not. ES with B field ranging from 0 to 20G consists of Helmholz coil and current generator based on the microprocessor. Also, we developed ELFES for each B field generation as uniform and non-uniform modes.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.349-354
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• 2006

The aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates many of the biological and toxicological effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin) and related chemicals. The application of recombinant reporter plasmid such as the firefly luciferase gene has proven to be a very effective method to detect these chemicals. The bioassay system, CALUX, is sensitive in directly detecting AhR-agonists from a variety of environmental and biologic materials. However, responses of the AhR-dependent bioassays are dependent on the cell types used. Thus, we developed a sensitive bioassay using the recombinant mouse hepatoma cell (Hepa1c1c7) for the determination of dioxins. The recombinant cell line was stably transfected with firefly luciferase reporter gene (pGudLuc1.1). The transfected cells showed the highest induction of luciferase activity at 4.5 hr and a decrease beyond this time point. The system showed the highest sensitivity of detection ever reported. Upon TCDD exposure cells showed 2 fold increase at 10 pM and 7 fold increase at 100 pM, respectively. The passage number after the transfection played an important role in the sensitivity. The increase of passage number tended to increase the sensitivity of the cells up to 15. The media without phenol red showed a higher induction rate than with phenol red, suggesting the preferable use of phenol red-free media for the bioassay. Since each of the assays has unique characteristics that make them suitable for some screening applications and not others, development of sensitive bioanalytical methods based on a variety of cellular systems in a key to the successful determination of dioxins. The bioassay system developed in this study will contribute to further development of successful screening the AhR agonists among the environmental mixture. In addition, the rapid and sensitive nature of this cellular system can be applied as a valuable tool to screen the dioxin-like moieties among the prodrugs at the initial stage, thereby expediting the new drug discovery.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.463-472
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• 2020

Direct reprogramming, also known as a trans-differentiation, is a technique to allow mature cells to be converted into other types of cells without inducing a pluripotent stage. It has been suggested as a major strategy to acquire the desired type of cells in cell-based therapies to repair damaged tissues. Studies related to switching the fate of cells through epigenetic modification have been progressing and they can bypass safety issues raised by the virus-based transfection methods. In this study, a protocol was established to directly convert fully differentiated fibroblasts into diverse mesenchymal-lineage cells, such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and ectodermal cells, including neurons, by means of DNA demethylation, immediately followed by culturing in various differentiating media. First, 24 h exposure of 5-azacytidine (5-aza-CN), a well-characterized DNA methyl transferase inhibitor, to NIH-3T3 murine fibroblast cells induced the expression of stem-cell markers, that is, increasing cell plasticity. Next, 5-aza-CN treated fibroblasts were cultured in osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and neurogenic media with or without bone morphogenetic protein 2 for a designated period. Differentiation of each desired type of cell was verified by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction/western blot assays for appropriate marker expression and by various staining methods, such as alkaline phosphatase/alizarin red S/oil red O/alcian blue. These proposed procedures allowed easier acquisition of the desired cells without any transgenic modification, using direct reprogramming technology, and thus may help make it more available in the clinical fields of regenerative medicine.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.100-109
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• 2021

As the COVID-19 vaccination begins, it is necessary to safely store and manage the vaccination history for vaccinated people, as well as provide only the minimal information for the requested purpose, not in the form of all or nothing, to the institution requesting vaccination personal information. This paper proposes a scheme to safely store and manage the people's vaccination records in a non-forgeable blockchain, and to ensure that users provide only the minimal information necessary to the verifier from their vaccination personal information. A user authorizes the verifier to access the information he has consented with by entering the fingerprint on his smartphone, and in this process, no personal information or secrets can be exposed to an attacker. In addition, it is guaranteed that it is neither possible to impersonate the user nor to steal user personal information even in the case of theft or loss of the smartphone, or leakage of information from the vaccination history management institution. Using the scheme, users have no fear on external exposure of personal information and follow-up damage due to excessive information provision by giving out only the minimal information suited to the verifier.