• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.82-97
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• 2007

Objective : Cortex of Ulmi pumilae(CUP) has been used to treat several diseases including boil, swelling, and scabies etc. Recently, CUP was known to have wrinkle care and whitening actions. But, It's exact mechanisms are unclear. Methods : The present study was designed to investigate effects of CUP on Human HaCaT keratinocyte and malignant melanoma cells such as SK-MEL-2 and B16F10 in terms of cell viabilities, proliferations, DPPH free radical scavenging activities, oxygen free radical productions and inhibitory action on elastase activities. Results : CUP accelerated proliferation of HaCaT keratinocytes in the lower concentration. CUP also prevented cell death of HaCaT induced by Hydrogen peroxide, which products oxygen free radicals. On the contrary, CUP did not affect proliferations of SK-MEL-2 or B16F10. Futhermore, CUP showed inhibitory action against SK-MEL-2 proliferation at the concentration of $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ In addition, CUP was shown to have DPPH free radical scavenging activities and also have inhibitory effects on elastase activities too. On the fluorescent examinations, the present author knows that CUP elevated production levels of oxygen free radicals in malignant melanoma cell, SK-MEL-2. Conclusions : These results suggest that CUP has possibilities of usage for functional cosmetics which have wrinkle care and whitening activities and related mechanisms are involved in inhibition of elastase action and acceleration of oxidative stress in melanoma cell.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.158-168
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• 2010

Objective : Jeungson-Ojeok-Hwan Bijukbang(JOH) has been used to treat patients with tumor etc. In the theory of Korean medicine, JOH can treat Juk-Chui. JOH is known to have treat Juk-Chui. Juk-Chui is analogous to tumor. Methods : For these reasons, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of JOH on solid tumor in mice in terms of immune-potentiating and direct cytotoxic action of JOH in vitro and vivo study. The present author investigated thymocyte and splenocyte proliferation to confirm immune-potentiating activity of JOH and also investigated tumor/body weight ratio and survival rates in tumor bearing mice. Results : In this study, administration of JOH decreased tumor/body weight ratio significantly, and prolonged survival duration compared to non-treated control. In addition, treatment with JOH suppressed proliferation rate of Sarcoma 180 (S-180) cells significantly, and elevated proliferation rates of thymocytes isolated from normal mice. These results were co-related with in vivo study. Conclusion : these results suggest that JOH is useful to treat patient with solid tumor, because JOH has direct toxic action for tumor cell and immune-potentiating action for T cells. Further study will need to elucidate exact mechanisms related in anti-cancer action of JOH.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 1982

The frog truncus arterious were studied with conventional glass microelectrode technique in order to elucidate the underlying mechanism of spontaneous pacemaker activity. The analyses were focussed on the ionic nature of pacemaker current by changing the concentrations of extracellular $K^+$ and, $Na^+$, or by using blockers of K- and Ca-current and chronotropic transmitters. 1) The action potential of the spontaneously active truncus arteriosus has some characteristic feature of maximal distolic potential ranged from -65 to -75 mV, resting potential from -45 to -50 mV and overshoot voltage about +30 mV, respectively. Duration of the action potential taken from rapid upstroke to maximal diastolic potential was about 600 msec. Usual discharge rate was $25{\sim}30/min$ at room temperature $(18{\sim}20^{\circ}C)$. 2) The sensitivity of the resting membrane potential to change extracellular potassium concentrations $(0{\sim}12\;mM)$ was relatively low. Transient hyperpolarization was appeared in the 12 mM K Ringer after 10 min exposure to 0 mM K and it could be related to Na-pump reactivation by high potassium. 3) Reduction of extracellular sodium concetrations diminished the amplitude and frequency of the action potential. In Ringer solution containing 30% Na (substituted by equimolar Tris), spontaneous activity stopped but reappeared as very slow and small action potential. There was no spotaneous activity in zero Na Ringer solution. 4) Caesium(10 mM), K-current blocker decreased the frequency of the action potential and also pacemaker depolarization. Manganese (2 mM) known to be Ca-current antagonist, blocked spontaneous activity completely. 5) Adrenaline and acetylcholine had no chronotropic effect. But adrenaline increased the duration of plateau phase and the magnitude of the action potential in the follower cell. It is concluded that K-, Na-and Ca-current components are involved in the genesis of spontaneous activity of the frog truncus arteriosus like cardiac pacemaker tissues. But the insensitivity of truncus arteriosus to adrenaline and acetylcholine indicates that there are some different control mechanisms of spontaneous rhythm in two tissues.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.373-383
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• 2024

Background: Network pharmacology has emerged as a powerful tool to understand the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of natural products. However, there is a lack of comprehensive evaluations of network-based approaches for natural products on identifying therapeutic effects and key mechanisms. Purpose: We systematically explore the capabilities of network-based approaches on natural products, using Panax ginseng as a case study. P. ginseng is a widely used herb with a variety of therapeutic benefits, but its active ingredients and mechanisms of action on chronic diseases are not yet fully understood. Methods: Our study compiled and constructed a network focusing on P. ginseng by collecting and integrating data on ingredients, protein targets, and known indications. We then evaluated the performance of different network-based methods for summarizing known and unknown disease associations. The predicted results were validated in the hepatic stellate cell model. Results: We find that our multiscale interaction-based approach achieved an AUROC of 0.697 and an AUPR of 0.026, which outperforms other network-based approaches. As a case study, we further tested the ability of multiscale interactome-based approaches to identify active ingredients and their plausible mechanisms for breast cancer and liver cirrhosis. We also validated the beneficial effects of unreported and top-predicted ingredients, in cases of liver cirrhosis and gastrointestinal neoplasms. Conclusion: our study provides a promising framework to systematically explore the therapeutic effects and key mechanisms of natural products, and highlights the potential of network-based approaches in natural product research.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Objectives : This study used a network pharmacology approach to analyze the treatment mechanisms of Yijin-tang on Meniere's disease, and comparative analysis the treatment mechanisms of drugs recommended in the Meniere's disease treatment guidelines. Methods : We collected information on the recommended drugs from the Meniere's disease treatment guidelines and their target proteins were screened via the STITCH database. The intersection targets were obtained through Venny 2.1.0. Gene Ontology(GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis were performed using ClueGO. Results : The 7 proteins(TNF, CASP9, PARP1, CCL2, CFTR, NOS2, NOS1) were associated with both Yijin-tang and Meniere's disease related genes. The 10 proteins(AQP2, KCNE1, AQP1, AVP, ACE, HRH1, HRH3, NOS1, CA1, CFTR) were associated with both the recommended drugs in the guidelines and Meniere's disease related genes. The 2 proteins(CFTR, NOS1) were common across all three groups. Further, GO/KEGG pathway analysis of the collected proteins revealed that the common mechanisms of action between Yijin-tang and the recommended drugs in the guidelines were related to pathways involving immune dysfunction and disturbances in lymphatic fluid homeostasis. In addition, the recommended drugs in the guidelines appeared to act through mechanisms that improve blood flow through vasodilation. Conclusions : Pharmacological network analysis can help to explain the treatment mechanisms of Yijin-tang on Meniere's disease.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 1991

The effect of racemic Ketamine HCl was observed on excitable membranes of sciatic nerve fibres and toe muscles from frog. Ketamine significantly depressed the amplitude of the action potential, maximum rate of rise and that of fall of action potentials of sciatic nerve by dose-dependent and time-course manner, and also it produced the inhibition of $K^+-contracture$ in toe muscle. We used two different ways of sucrose gap method to to obtain the better results from sciatic nerve. We observed and compared the effect of ketamine on sciatic nerve with naloxone, 4-AP (4-aminopyridine) and TEA (Tetraethylammonium). Naloxone significantly but not totally blocked the effect of ketamine both on nerve and on skeletal muscle. 4-AP or TEA by itself had a significant depressant effect on the action potentials on nerve by central perfusion (extracellular perfusion), but both of these drugs did not much affect the action of Ketamine on nerve. The reversibility of effect of Ketamine (10 mM) was observed both on nerve and on skeletal muscles when exposed to drug for short duration. The effects of racemic ketamine described may provide to support that one of the mechanisms of the action of Ketamine on nerve and on muscles of frog might be related to non-specifically effect on receptors within the ion channels $(K^+-channel,\;Na^+-channel\;or\;slow\;Ca^{++}\;channel)$ at higher dose which produces anesthetic effect and also it interacts specifically with one of the opioid receptors or subtype of these receptors which is sensitive to Naloxone at lower dose which produces analgesia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.150-150
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• 2001

$\beta$ -lapachone, the product of a tree (Tabebuia avellanedae) from South America, is known to exhibit various pharmacologic properties, the mechanisms of which are poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to further elucidate the possible mechanisms by which $\beta$-lapachone exerts its anti-proliferative action in cultured human prostate cancer cells.(omitted)

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1465-1486
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• 2016

Conventional plate I-girders are sensitive to local buckling of the web when they are subjected mainly to shear action because the slenderness of the web in out-of-plane direction is much bigger. The local buckling of the web can also cause the distorsion of the plate flange under compression as a thin-walled plate has very low torsional stiffness due to its open section. A new I-girder consisted of corrugated web, a concrete-filled rectangular tubular flange under compression and a plate flange under tension is presented to improve its resistance to local buckling of the web and distorsion of the flat plate flange under compression. Experimental tests on a conventional plate I-girder and a new presented I-girder are conducted to study the failure process and the failure mechanisms of the two specimens. Strain developments at some critical positions, load-lateral displacement curves, and load-deflection curves of the two specimens have all be measured and analyzed. Based on these results, the failure mechanisms of the two kinds of I-girders are discussed.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2022

Although it has been intensively studied over the past few decades, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers. Eriodictyol, a plant-derived flavonoid mainly found in citrus fruits, exerts diverse biological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the anticancer properties of eriodictyol and its mechanisms of action in pancreatic cancer cells. In both SNU213 and Panc-1 cells, eriodictyol decreased viability, induced apoptosis, and decreased clonogenicity. In addition, eriodictyol treatment increased the phosphorylation level of JNK and decreased the phosphorylation levels of ERK, FAK, and AKT. These observations provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of eriodictyol-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines, and could contribute to the development of candidate compounds for treating pancreatic cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.289-298
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• 2023

Complex diseases including cardiovascular disease are caused by a combination of the alternation of many genes and the influence of environments. Recently, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to be involved in diverse diseases, and the functions of various ncRNAs have been reported. Many researchers have elucidated the mechanisms of action of these ncRNAs at the cellular level prior to in vivo and clinical studies of the diseases. Due to the characteristics of complex diseases involving intercellular crosstalk, it is important to study communication between multiple cells. However, there is a lack of literature summarizing and discussing studies of ncRNAs involved in intercellular crosstalk in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review summarizes recent discoveries in the functional mechanisms of intercellular crosstalk involving ncRNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. In addition, the pathophysiological role of ncRNAs in this communication is extensively discussed in various cardiovascular diseases.