• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영정보학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.428-433
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• 2008

The online advertising industry's business model undertakes the change from CPM (cost-per-mille)-based to CPC (cost-per-click)-based. However, due to the problem of 'Click Fraud', CPA (cost-per-action) has been regarded as a new step. For CPA, publishers need to get information after a user clicks an advertisement. Therefore, in CPA, the key is to get Conversion Action Data (CAD). This paper introduces two existing mechanisms for getting CAD, compare their characteristics, and analyze their limitations. Then the two new mechanisms are introduced and their requirements and feasibility are analyzed. Lastly, we compare the existing two and the new two mechanisms, and point out each mechanism's business possibility, value and Application Area. This paper will help publishers choose the most appropriate mechanism on the basis of their situation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제82권3호
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• pp.343-354
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• 2022

An understanding of the mechanism of concrete girders repaired with CFRP plates and its influence on the dynamic parameters is presented in this paper. Dynamic parameters are governed by the relationship with the physical properties of concrete girders and CFRP plates as well as the adhesive layer between them. A brief explanation of the mechanism of the composite action of concrete girders repaired with CFRP is also given in this paper. Experimental work was carried out to validate the theory of the composite action. The results show a decrease in the modal parameters of CFRP repaired girders that were turned over during the repair procedure, which contrasts with the proven static-based results that CFRP plates increase the stiffness of repaired girders. The composite action theory has explained the results based on the tension and compression forces' growth at the adhesive layer between the CFRP plates and girder surface during the repair procedure. Other girders were prepared and repaired without turning over in order to avoid tension and compression forces at the adhesive layer. The experimental results show an increase in the dynamic parameters of CFRP repaired girders that were not turned over during the repair procedure, which aligns with the static-based results. The study concludes that the dynamic parameters are excellent indicators for the assessment of CFRP repaired concrete girders. The study also suggests that researchers should not turn over damaged concrete girders to repair them with CFRP plates if they intend to study the dynamic parameters, in order to avoid the proposed composite action effect on modal parameters.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.904-914
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• 2008

An action-selection-mechanism(ASM) has been proposed to work as a fully connected finite state machine to deal with sequential behaviors as well as to allow a state in the task program to migrate to any state in the task, in which a primitive node in association with a state and its transitional conditions can be easily inserted/deleted. Also, such a primitive node can be learned by a shortest path-finding-based reinforcement learning technique. Specifically, we define a behavioral motivation as having state-dependent value as a primitive node for action selection, and then sequentially construct a network of behavioral motivations in such a way that the value of a parent node is allowed to flow into a child node by a releasing mechanism. A vertical path in a network represents a behavioral sequence. Here, such a tree for our proposed ASM can be newly generated and/or updated whenever a new behavior sequence is learned. To show the validity of our proposed ASM, experimental results of a mobile robot performing the task of pushing- a- box-in to- a-goal(PBIG) will be illustrated.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2020

The In the 4^th industrial revolution, cyber space will evolve into hyper-connectivity, super-convergence, and super-intelligence due to the development of advanced information and communication technologies, which will connect the nation's core infrastructure into a single network. As applying the 4^th industrial revolution technology to the cyber attack technique, it is evolving in an intelligent and sophisticate method. In order to response intelligent cyber attacks, it is difficult to guarantee self-defense in cyberspace by policy-oriented, preplanned-centric and hierarchical cyber response strategies. Therefore, this research aims to propose a situation-flexible & action-oriented cyber response mechanism that can respond flexibly by selecting the most optimal smart security solution according to changes in the cyber attack steps. The proposed cyber response mechanism operates the smart security solutions according to the action-oriented detailed strategies. In addition, artificial intelligence-based decision-making systems are used to select the smart security technology with the best responsiveness.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1127-1133
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• 2002

Cheonghunhwadam-tang(CHT) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent of vertigo by wind, fire and phlegm. CHTGR was CHT adding Gastrodae Rhizoma. The effects of CHTGR on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) is not known. A comparative Study of action-mechanism of CHT and CHTGR on the cerebral hemodynamics is not known too. Therefore, purpose of this Study was to investigate effects of CHT and CHTGR on the rCBF and MABP, compare action-mechanism of CHT and CHTGR on the rCBF and MABP. The changes of rCBF and BP was determinated by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF). The results were as follows ; CHT extract was increased rCBF in a dose-dependent, but was not changed MABP compared with CHT non-treated group. CHTGR extract was decreased rCBF and MABP compared with CHTGR non-treated group in a dose-dependent. Action of CHT is not related with adrenergic β-receptor, cyclooxygenase and guanylate cyclase, but action of CHTGR is related with guanylate cyclase.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.108-117
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• 2003

Objective : The central opioid mechanism of acupuncture analgesia has been fairly well documented in acute behavioral experiments, but little electrophysiological study has been performed on the peripheral mechanism and subtypes of opioid receptors responsible for acupuncture-induced antinociception in chronic animal models. In the present electrophysiological experiment, we studied the peripheral mechanism and opioid receptor subtypes which Were implicated in electroacupuncture-induced antinociception in the rat with chronic inflammatory and neurogenic pain. Methods : In the rat with complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation and spinal nerve injury, dorsal horn cell responses to afferent C fiber stimulation were recorded before and after electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation applied to the contralateral Zusanli point for 30 minutes. Also studied Were the effects of specific opioid receptor antagonists and naloxone methiodide, which can not cross the blood-brain barrier, on EA-induced inhibitory action. Results : EA-induced inhibitory action was significantly attenuated by naloxone methiodide, suggesting that EA-induced inhibition was mediated through peripheral mechanism. Pretreatment, but not posttreatment of naltrexone and spinal application significantly blocked EA-induced inhibitory actions. In inflammatory and neurogenic pain models, ${\mu}-$ and ${\delta}-opioid$ receptor antagonists (${\beta}-funaltrexamine$ & naltrindole) significantly reduced EA-induced inhibitory action, but ${\kappa}-opioid$ receptor antagonist had weak inhibitory effect on EA-induced antinociception. Conclusion : These results suggest that 2Hz EA-stimulation induced antinoeiceptive action is mediated through peripheral as well as central mechanism, and mainly through ${\mu}-$ and ${\delta}-opioid$ receptors.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2027-2032
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• 2003

For action selection as well as learning, simple associations between stimulus and response have been employed in most of literatures. But, for a successful task accomplishment, it is required that an animat can learn and express behavioral sequences. In this paper, we propose a novel action-selection-mechanism to deal with sequential behaviors. For this, we define behavioral motivation as a primitive node for action selection, and then hierarchically construct a network with behavioral motivations. The vertical path of the network represents behavioral sequences. Here, such a tree for our proposed ASM can be newly generated and/or updated, whenever a new sequential behaviors is learned. To show the validity of our proposed ASM, three 2-D grid world simulations will be illustrated.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2006

The key technologies necessary to develop and utilize a double-action link-type hydraulic die set for the enclosed die forging are presented in this paper. Various die sets for the enclosed die forging are investigated and the technologies necessary to develop and to utilize a double-action link-type hydraulic die set are introduced in detail with emphasis on the mechanism of the die set and its kinematical behaviors, the force transmission mechanism, the criterion on the enclosed die forging and its application, the forming load prediction and the stress distribution of the link. A double-action link-type hydraulic die set is developed and it is applied to the enclosed die forging of a bevel gear.

• 약학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 1989

Angiotensin II, adminstered (infused or injected) intravenously, elicited the antidiuretic action with the decreased parameters of renal function at a small dose ($0.01\;{\mu}g/kg/min$), whereas, at a large dose (0.03, $0.1\;{\mu}g/kg/min$ and $5.0\;{\mu}g/kg$), it produced the diuretic action accompanied the increased amounts of sodium and potassium excreted in urine ($E_{Na}\;and\;R_K$). At this time, glomerular filtration rates (GFR) were weakened slightly and renal plasma flows (RPF) were reduced markedly, and then filtration fractions (FF) were increased. Angiotensin II, infused into a renal artery, exhibited antidiuretic action at a small dose ($0.003\;{\mu}g/kg/min$), and diuretic action at a large dose ($0.01\;{\mu}g/kg/min$), only in infused (experimental) kidney. The mechanism of the action was similar to the cases of the intravenous angiotensin II. The above results suggest that angiotensin II of a large dose produced diuretic action due to mechanism inhibiting reabsorption of electrolytes in renal tubules, mainly in proximal tubule in dog.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 1995

The action mechanism of hemolysin rendering virulency of Vibrio anguilarum has not clarified as yet, even though there were several possible factors explained. We have studied hemolytic kinetics performed by hemolysin from V. anguillarum strain V7 as well as binding of hemolysin to RBC membrane. Maximal rate of hemolysis and duration of lag phase were directly and inversly correlated to the concentration of hemolysin used. Hemolysin molecules are known to bind consumptively with proper diameter, while other protectants with smaller diameter could not. In conclusion, hemolysin should bind irreversibly to RBC membrane exert hemolysis distorting osmotic pressure. The binding could be hindered by spatial structure of the RBC surfacem which might be caused by sialic acid.