• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among density, moisture content, and modulus of elasticity in which are important characteristics in physical and mechanical properties of woods. In this study, the dynamic MOE was calculated through the combination with resonance frequency of transverse vibration method and density, and the estimated moisture contents were calculated with two different equations (1, 2) in order to compare with experimental moisture contents. The following results from this study were obtained: 1. According to the regression analysis with two different parameters (E and density), the two regression lines appeared to be straight intersecting at 0.6 density. As another factor, moisture contents in wood also influenced on the analysing regression at the below F.S.P. 2. When considering the relationship between moisture contents and E, the tendency of each moisture content and E showed very similar pattern suggesting that moisture contents in addition to density are very important parameter. 3. When together with moisture contents and density as parameters for multiple regression analysis, coefficiences of determinations are dramatically improved. Interestingly, the coefficiences of determinations are further increased when analysing at the below point of F.S.P. and when analysing higher and lower density separately. In summary, more correct estimation of the dynamic MOE of woods can be possible with only transverse vibration and density in wood. Therefore, with this indirect method, the calculation of MOE in all kinds of woods including timber, live tree and wood products can be feasible resulting in accelerating the efficiency of time and labor.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.99-116
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• 1999

목재 hollow core 형태의 프러쉬문은 가구과 목공품 산업에서 주요 제품으로 사용중 틀어짐과 좌굴은 매우 중요한 문제이다. 틀어짐은 도아 표면재 간의 물리적 및 기계적 성질의 차이에 기인된다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 수치적 모델덜을 사용해 틀어짐과 좌굴을 예측하는데 그 목적이 있다. 여러 환경조건에서 경질섬유판과 합판으로 만들어진 프러쉬문에 대한 각 모델들과 실측치간의 비교를 하였다. 문의 틀어짐과 좌굴을 예측하기 위해 3가지 연속체 모델, 즉 보, 판상 및 판상-좌굴 모델이 채택되었다. 틀어짐은 고습에서보다 저습에서 현저하게 훨씬 현저하게 발생되었으며, 포아송 비를 고려한 판상 모델은 저습에서 보 모델보다 더 정확하게 틀어짐을 예측할 수 있었다. 그러나 고습에서 좌굴이 문의 표면재에 발생하기 때문에 판상-좌굴 모델 이 모든 시험범위에서 가장 적절하였다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2022

C_f/SiC 복합재는 저밀도, 높은 기계적 강도, 우수한 열 안정성을 가지고 있어 로켓 추진기관, 항공 및 군사 분야 등의 고온 응용 산업에 유망한 재료이다. 그러나 용융 실리콘 함침(Liquid Silicon Infiltration, LSI) 공정을 통해 제작된 복합재는 잔존하는 Si에 의하여 물리적, 열적 특성이 저하된다. 본 논문에서는 LSI 공정을 통해 제작된 C_f/SiC 복합재의 내부 Si을 제거하기 위한 방안으로 탈규소화(de-siliconization) 공정을 도입하였다. 최대 5분 동안 옥시아세틸렌 토치 테스트를 진행하고 시편의 산화된 표면과 단면은 3D scanning, X-ray diffraction(XRD), 광학현미경(OM), 전자주사현미경(SEM)으로 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2023

Densification is an effective method for improving the physical and mechanical properties of low-density wood. However, the set-recovery of dimensions was found to be the problem of densified wood due to low fixation during the densification process. Alkali pretreatment before densification is thought to be a modification process to improve the dimensional stability of densified wood. In this research, the wood samples used were boiled in a 1.25 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at different times, followed by densification for 5 h at 100℃. The alkali pretreatment for 1, 3, and 5 h of boiling increased the dimensional stability of densified woods and anti-swelling efficiency values were 8.52%, 63.24%, and 48.94%, respectively. The boiling of wood in NaOH solution decreased the holocellulose content, as well as lignin to a lesser degree, and a lower crystallinity index was observed. The lower hydroxyl groups and a higher proportion of lignin in treated samples seem to have contributed to the high dimensional stability detected.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.489-492
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• 1997

The general pattern of adaptation in the appendicular skeleton with aging is that the subperiosteal apposition of bone occur along with endosteal absorption. This remodeling of diaphysis to a cylinder of larger diameter is hypothesized to serve a mechanical compensatory unction by increasing the moment of inertia as the cortex thins with aging. These findings is only true of the diaphysis of long bone. Measuring the area and inertia at each section of femur, the age-related change of proximal emur and diaphysis is observed. After screening by physical and radiological examination, 200 normal Korean adults divided 5 groups in both male and female based on age. Twenty persons were in each group. One femur in each person was analyzed using CT images. femur scanned with 60 to 80 slices and this images were digitized. Then 2-D images were reconstructed into 3-D images. Using the nonlinear method, normalization and interpolation technique, 7 locations of interest (trochanteric area: 1, 2 subtrochanteric area: 3, 4, isthmic area: 5, 6, 7) were determined. On the each cross section at each location, the area (total, cortical and medullary) and 5 inertia of moment were measured. The results were analyzed statistically. With aging, significant area change occurred mainly in diaphysis and female. In trochanteric area, no significant change was noted. With aging, total and medullary area were increased, but cortical area was not changed. In diaphysis, lateral bendingresistanceincreasedsignificantly. No inertia change was noted in trochanteric area. Anteroposterior bending resistance was constant with aging. In more than age 60, total area and medullary area were larger than that of others. Lateral bending resistance was higher especially in diaphysis. In diaphysis, with aging, the decreased properties is compensated with the increased lateral bending resistance by geometric remodeling. In trochanteric area, no compensation occur. With aging, especially in more than age 60, the higher rate of trochanteric fracture is expected.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2009

Magnesium is one of the lightest metals, and magnesium alloys have excellent physical and mechanical properties such as high stiffness/weight ratios, good castability, good vibration and shock absorption. However their poor corrosion resistance, wear resistance, hardness and so on, have limited their application. To improve these defects, many techniques are developed. Micro arc oxidation(MAO) is a one of the surface treatments under anodic oxidation in which ceramic coating is directly formed on the surface of magnesium alloy. In this study, the characteristics of anodic film were examined after coating the AZ31B magnesium alloy through the MAO process. MAO was carried out in potassium hydroxide, potassium fluoride, and various concentration of sodium silicate in electrolyte. The morphology and chemical composition of the coating layer were characterized by SEM, XRD, EPMA and EDS. The hardness of anodic films was measured by micro-vickers hardness tester. As a result, the morphology and composition of anodic film were changed by concentration of sodium silicate. Thickness and Si composition of anodic film was increased with increasing concentration of sodium silicate in electrolyte. The hardness of anodic film was highly increased when the concentration of sodium silicate was above 40 g/l in electrolyte.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.282-289
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• 2019

Ti has received considerable attention for aerospace, vehicle, and semiconductor industry applications because of its acid-resistant nature, low density, and high mechanical strength. A common precursor used for preparing Ti materials is $TiCl_4$. To prepare high-purity $TiCl_4$, a process based on the removal of $VOCl_3$ has been widely applied. However, $VOCl_3$ removal by distillation and condensation is difficult because of the similar physical properties of $TiCl_4$ and $VOCl_3$. To circumvent this problem, in this study, we have developed a process for $VOCl_3$ removal using Cu powder and mineral oil as purifying agents. The effects of reaction time and temperature, and ratio of purifying agents on the $VOCl_3$ removal efficiency are investigated by chemical and structural measurements. Clear $TiCl_4$ is obtained after the removal of $VOCl_3$. Notably, complete removal of $VOCl_3$ is achieved with 2.0 wt% of mineral oil. Moreover, the refined $TiCl_4$ is used as a precursor for the synthesis of Ti powder. Ti powder is fabricated by a thermal reduction process at $1,100^{\circ}C$ using an $H_2-Ar$ gas mixture. The average size of the Ti powder particles is in the range of $1-3{\mu}m$.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.360-368
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• 2022

PURPOSE. This study assessed the physical and mechanical properties of interim crown materials fabricated using various digital techniques after accelerated aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three groups of interim dental restorative materials (N = 20) were tested. The first group (CO) was fabricated using a conventional manual method. The second group (ML) was prepared from prefabricated resin blocks for the milling method and cut into specimen sizes using a cutting disc. The third group (3D) was additively manufactured using a digital light-processing (DLP) 3D printer. Aging acceleration treatments using toothbrushing and thermocycling simulators were applied to half of the specimens corresponding to three years of usage in the oral environment (N = 10). Surface roughness (Ra), Vickers microhardness, 3-point bending, sorption, and solubility tests were performed. A 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher's multiple comparison test were used to compare the results among the groups. RESULTS. The mean surface roughness (Ra) of the resin after accelerated aging was significantly higher in the CO and ML groups than that before aging, but not in the 3D group. All groups showed reduced hardness after accelerated aging. The flexural strength values were highest in the 3D group, followed by the ML and CO groups after accelerated aging. Accelerated aging significantly reduced water sorption in the ML group. CONCLUSION. According to the tested material and 3D printer type, both 3D-printed and milled interim restoration resins showed higher flexural strength and modulus, and lower surface roughness than those prepared by the conventional method after accelerated aging.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2010

누수균열은 상시 콘크리트 구조체의 거동, 물의 성분, 수압, 온도, 화학 물질 등 다양한 환경 요인의 영향이 작용함에 따라 이에 대응할 수 있는 성능을 확보한 보수재료 및 공법이 사용되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 콘크리트 구조물은 국가적으로 유사한 공학적 특성(배합설계, 사용재료, 시공방법, 유지관리 등)을 가지고 있기 때문에, 누수균열에 대한 보수 접근도 크게 다르지 않을 것으로 보고, 향후 유지관리 전문가들의 공통적 기술 지침의 필요에 따라 자료를 개발하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권2A호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2011

콘크리트 내부에 존재하는 공극(void)의 공간적 분포는 콘크리트의 역학적, 물리적 거동에 큰 영향을 미친다. 따라서 콘크리트 재료 물성의 파악과 건정성 평가를 위해 내부에 존재하는 공극의 분포 상태를 파악하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 콘크리트에는 육안으로 보이는 재료 표면의 공극 이외에도 내부 공극이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 경량골재 콘크리트의 공극 분포를 파악하기 위하여 micro CT(X-ray microtomography)를 활용하여 생성된 3차원 콘크리트 디지털 시편을 사용하였다. 흑백처리된 단면 이미지를 중첩하여 공극을 묘사할 수 있는 3차원 시편을 생성하였다. 공극의 분포 상태를 확률적으로 묘사하기 위하여 확률 분포 함수 two-point correlation function과 lineal-path function으로 분석하였다. 또한, 이미지 분석을 통해서 콘크리트 시편의 공극의 밀도 분포를 파악하였다. 콘크리트 내부에 있는 개별 경량 골재의 공극도 이미지 처리와 확률 분포함수를 사용하여 분석하였다. Micro CT와 3차원 이미지 분석 방법을 통하여 콘크리트 내부에 존재하는 공극의 분포 상태를 효과적으로 파악할 수 있음을 확인하였다.