• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2006

In this paper, creep tests of Mg-Zn-Mn and Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca alloys, which were casted by mold with Mg-3%Zn-1%Mn and Mg-3%Zn-1%Mn-0.2%Ca, were done under the temperature range of 473-573K and the stress range of 23.42-78.00Mpa. The activation energies and the stress exponents were measured to investigate the creep plastic deformation of those alloys, and the rupture lifes of Mg-Zn-Mn alloy were also measured to investigate the fracture behavior. From the results, the activation energy of Mg-Zn-Mn and Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca alloys under the temperature range of 473-493K were measured as 149.87, 145.98KJ/mol, respectively, and the stress exponent were measured as 5.13, 6.06 respectively. Also the activation energies Mg-Zn-Mn and Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca alloys under the temperature range of 553-573K were obtained as 134.41, 129.22KJ/mol, respectively, and tress exponent were obtained as 3.48, 4.63, respectively. Finally stress dependence of rupture life and the activation energy of rupture life of Mg-Zn-Mn under the temperature range of 473-493K was measured as 8.05, 170.0(KJ/mol), respectively, which were a little higher than the results of steady state creep.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.476-480
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• 1984

본 연구에서는 S15C 및 S45C의 이온 질화에 있어서 확산층 및 합성층의 생성 속도를 계산하였고 이를 기초로 질소의 활성화 에너지를 구하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.133-143
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• 2024

Piezoelectric (PZT) actuators have been widely used in precision positioning fields for their excellent displacement resolution. However, due to the inherent characteristics of piezoelectric actuators, hysteresis has been proven to greatly reduce positioning performance. In this paper, five mathematical hysteretic models based on activation function are proposed to characterize the nonlinear hysteresis characteristics of piezoelectric actuators. Then the performance of the proposed models is verified by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the experiment data. Thirdly, the fitting performance of the proposed models is compared with the classical Bouc-Wen model. Finally, the performance of the five proposed models in modelling hysteresis nonlinearity of piezoelectric drivers is compared, in terms of RMSE, MAPE, SAPE and operation efficiency, and relevant suggestions are given.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.280-286
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• 1997

Potential energy function sets for some ion-exchanged A-type zeolites, K-A and Rb11Na1-A, were determined by introducing the X-ray crystal structures as constraints. The potential functions reproduced well the X-ray crystal structures of the monovalent ion-exchanged zeolites. The activation energies for the en- or de-capsulation of small molecules (H2, O2, N2, and CH4) and inert gases from the α-cage of model zeolites (Na-A, K-A, Rb11Na1-A, and Cs3Na9-A) were obtained by the molecular mechanical calculations. The calculated activation energies agreed well with experimental results.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.675-681
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• 2012

본 연구는 낮은 회 성분의 함량과 높은 발열량의 특성을 지닌 초청정 석탄의 촤 반응율 특성을 알아보았다. 실험은 DTF(Drop Tube Furnace)를 통해서 다양한 온도조건 하에 산소의 분율을 바꾸어가며 수행하였다. 촤 반응률을 도출하기 위하여 FT-IR을 통해 배기가스(CO, $CO_2$)를 측정하였으며, 이색온도계를 통하여서 입자 온도를 측정하였다. 또한, Arrhenius 경험식을 토대로 초청정 석탄 촤의 활성화 에너지와 빈도인자를 도출하였다. 결과는 초청정 석탄 촤의 반응특성은 온도와 산소 분율이 높아질수록 뚜렷한 증가를 보였고, 초청정 석탄 촤의 활성화 에너지는 역청탄의 수치와 비슷한 값을 보임을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.346-351
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• 1997

The creep characteristics of an Al-5wt.% Ag alloy including the stress exponent, the activation energy for creep and the shape of the creep curve were investigated at a normalized shear stress extending from $ 10^{-5}{\;}to{\;}3{\times}10^{-4}$ and in the temperature range of 640-873 K, where silver is in solid solution. The experimental results shows that the stress exponent is 4.6, the activation energy is 141 kJ/mole, and the stacking fault energy is $180{\;}mJ/m^2$, suggesting that the creep behavior of Al-5 wt.% Ag is similiar to that reported for pure aluminum, and that under the current experimental conditions, the alloy behaves as a class II(metal class). The above creep characteristics obtained for Al-5 wt.% Ag are discussed in the light of prediction regarding deformation mechanisms in solid solution alloys.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2004

Glial cells are activated in neuropathy and play a key role in hyperalgesia and allodynia. This study was performed to determine whether minocycline could attenuate heat hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, and how glial cell activation and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) were regulated by minocycline in a model of chronic constriction of sciatic nerve (CCl). When minocycline (50 mg/kg, oral) was daily administered from 1 day before to 9 days after ligation, heat hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were attenuated. Furthermore, when minocycline treatment was initiated 1 or 3 days after ligation, attenuation of the hypersensitive behavior was still robust. However, the effect of attenuation was less when minocycline was started from day 5. In order to elucidate the mechanism of pain attenuation by minocycline, we examined the changes of glia and NF-kappaB, and found that attenuated hyperalgesia and allodynia by minocycline was accompanied by reduced microglial activation. Furthermore, the number of NF-kappaB immunoreactive cells increased after CCI treatment and this increase was attenuated by minocycline. We also observed translocation of NF-kappaB into the nuclei of activated glial cells. These results suggest that minocycline inhibits activation of glial cells and NF-kappaB, thereby attenuating the development of behavioral hypersensitivity to stimuli.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.1571-1584
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• 2023

In this study, a numerical analysis was performed as part of an international joint research project to reproduce a real cable tray fire that occurred in the heater bay area of the turbine building of a nuclear power plant. A sensitivity analysis was performed on various input parameters to derive results consistent with the sprinkler activation time obtained from the fire event analysis. For all sensitive parameters, the normalized sprinkler activation time correlated well with the power function of the normalized sprinkler height. A correlation equation was developed to identify the sprinkler activation time at any location when determining the slope or fire growth rate under the conditions assuming a linear or t-squared heat release rate (HRR) time curve. Various cable fire growth assumptions were used to determine which assumption was better to provide the prediction coincident with the information given from the fire event analysis in terms of the sprinkler activation time and total energy generated from cables damaged by fire. In the comprehensive analysis of all the sensitive parameters, the standard deviation of the input parameters increased as the sprinkler height decreased. Within the range of the sensitivity parameter values given in this study, when considering all sprinkler heights, the standard deviation of the cable model change was the largest and that of the overhang position change was the smallest.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2016

Safety-related equipments of Nuclear Power Plants(NPP) have to perform environmental qualification test in accordance with IEEE-323 standards. However, non-metallic materials replace new one regularly instead of the test because they are considered as consumable parts. In this study, the seven kinds of non-metallic materials are selected and their activation energy was experimentally evaluated with uncertainty analysis by using thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA). In order to obtain activation energy of non-metallic materials, mass difference, temperature raising rate and conversion rate on the specimen are analyzed. It is postulated that the three experiment conditions are important to get a reliable activation energy. This postulate was experimentally confirmed using Arrhenius equation and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa analysis.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2014

Condensation particle counter (CPC) has been one of the most important basic instrument for measuring number concentration of submicron aerosols. The principle of the CPC is to expose aerosols to a supersaturated vapor and cool down which causes adiabatic expansion. The particles grow by heterogenous nucleation to a sufficient size for easy detection by optical method. However, for growth by condensation, CPC essentially needs both saturater and condensor causing a heavy system. Therefore, it is hard to install commercial CPC to tethered balloon package system. In this study, we developed customized CPC for tethered balloon package system called Hy-CPC which is lighter and smaller in structure than commercial CPCs, and evaluated activation efficiency and detection efficiency by Hy-CPC using electrostatic method (electrometer and Faraday cup).