• 제목/요약/키워드: mean values

검색결과 6,226건 처리시간 0.033초

Physiological Responses of Saanen, Anglo Nubian and Toggenburg Goats at Different Body Weights and Feed Intake

  • Wayan Kasa, I
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제11권3호
    • /
    • pp.260-264
    • /
    • 1998
  • An experiment has been carried-out on physiological responses in Saanen, Anglo Nubian and Toggenburg goats at different body weights and feed intakes during treadmill exercise at $30{^{\circ}C}$ environmental temperature (ET). The results showed that respiration rate (RR) was significant between time ${\times}$ breed interaction (p < 0.01), with values for the Anglo Nubian being least, while the Saanen was intermediate. With time, RR differed significantly, and after 1 h the respective RR were 238, 221 and 303/min in the Saanen, Anglo Nubian and Toggenburg. With time the rectal temperature (Tr) increased gradually and after 1 h exercise mean values were 40.8, 41.3 and $40.7{^{\circ}C}$ in the Saanen, Anglo Nubian and Toggenburg respectively. Rump skin temperature (RTs) values differed significantly between Anglo Nubians and Toggenburgs, with the differences averaging 0.3, 0.6, 0.4 and $0.4{^{\circ}C}$ after 15, 30, 45 and 60 min exercise respectively. With breed, highest loin skin temperature (LTs) values were in the Anglo Nubian, with an overall mean of $37.9{^{\circ}C}$ (p < 0.05).

Correlation of elastic input energy equivalent velocity spectral values

  • Cheng, Yin;Lucchini, Andrea;Mollaioli, Fabrizio
    • Earthquakes and Structures
    • /
    • 제8권5호
    • /
    • pp.957-976
    • /
    • 2015
  • Recently, two energy-based response parameters, i.e., the absolute and the relative elastic input energy equivalent velocity, have been receiving a lot of research attention. Several studies, in fact, have demonstrated the potential of these intensity measures in the prediction of the seismic structural response. Although some ground motion prediction equations have been developed for these parameters, they only provide marginal distributions without information about the joint occurrence of the spectral values at different periods. In order to build new prediction models for the two equivalent velocities, a large set of ground motion records is used to calculate the correlation coefficients between the response spectral values corresponding to different periods and components of the ground motion. Then, functional forms adopted in models from the literature are calibrated to fit the obtained data. A new functional form is proposed to improve the predictions of the considered models from the literature. The components of the ground motion considered in this study are the two horizontal ones only. Potential uses of the proposed equations in addition to the prediction of the correlation coefficients of the equivalent velocity spectral values are shown, such as the prediction of derived intensity measures and the development of conditional mean spectra.

치명적(致命的) 충격(衝激)(도살(屠殺))이 우(牛)의 적혈구치(赤血球値)와 총백혈구치(總白血球値)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Studies of Fatal Stress on Erythrocytes and Total Leukocytes Counts in Korean Cattle)

  • 최희인
    • 대한수의학회지
    • /
    • 제7권1호
    • /
    • pp.1-7
    • /
    • 1967
  • Clinically healthy Korean adult cattle (20 females and 20 males) were selected and subjected to the experiments on the determination of erythrocytes and total leukocytes values at the stages of pre and post-slaughting. Throughout the studies the following results were obtained. 1. The erythrocytes values, at the stage of the pre-slaughter, of females and males were $6.070{\times}10^6/cmm$ and $6.175{\times}10^6/cmm$ respectively. In the case of post-slaughter stage, $7.780{\times}10^6/cmm$ and $7.705{\times}10^6/cmm$ were obtained for female and male respectively. In comparison on the values of erythrocytes between pre and post-slauglnter stages, the mean value of the latter has been increased significantly. 2. The total leukocytes value, at the stage of the pre-slaughter of females and males were 9,525/cmm and 9,630/cmm respectively. In the case of post-slaughter stage, 7,545/cmm and 7,510/cmm were obtained for females and males respectively. In comparison on the values of total leukocytes between pre and post-slaughter stages, the mean value of the latter has been decreased significantly.

  • PDF

인체 간 microsome에서 pentoxifylline 대사체 M-1의 시험관내 대사 (In vitro Metabolism of Pentoxifylline Metabolite M-l in Human Liver Microsomes)

  • 신혜순
    • 약학회지
    • /
    • 제43권6호
    • /
    • pp.834-842
    • /
    • 1999
  • The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of M-l, which is metabolite of pentoxifylline, have been studied in human liver microsomes. Biphasic kinetics was observed from the Eadie-Hofstee plot for the formation of both metabolites of M-l. For the kinetics of pentoxifylline, mean values of $V_{max1}{\;}and{\;}V_{max2}$ were 1,648 and 5,622 nmol/min/mg protein, and the estimated values of $K_{ml}{\;}and{\;}K_{m2}$ were 0.180 and 4.829 mM, respectively. For M-3, mean values of $V_{max1}{\;}and{\;}V_{max2}$ were 0.062 and 0.491 nmol/min/mg protein, and estimated values of $K_{ml}{\;}and{\;}K_{m2}$ were 0.025 and 1.216 mM. The formations of pentoxifylline and M-3 from M-1 were indentified by using several selective inhibitors of cytochrome P450 isoformes at 0.05-5 mM concentration of M-1 in human liver microsomes. For the analysis of low (0.05 mM) concentration of M-1, where the affinity was expected as low, indicated that CYPlA2 and CYP3A4 were major P450 isoforms responsible for pentoxifylline and M-3 formation. CYP3A4 and CYP2A6 appeared to be P450 isoforms responsible for M-3 formation at high (5 mM) concentration of M-1.

  • PDF

Moisture Sorption Isotherm Characteristics of Chaga Mushroom Powder as Influenced by Particle Size

  • Lee, Min-Ji;Lee, Jun-Ho
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제16권1호
    • /
    • pp.154-158
    • /
    • 2007
  • Adsorption isotherms for chaga mushroom powder as influenced by particle size were investigated using a gravimetric technique. Samples were equilibrated in desiccators containing sulfuric acid solutions of known water activity (0.11-0.93), then placed in temperature-controlled chambers for approximately ten days. Equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of chaga mushroom powder increased with water activity in all samples. EMC was slightly greater in the samples comprised of smaller particle size, however there was no marked difference in appearance between the three samples. The chaga mushroom powder exhibited Type II behavior. When the BET model was used to determine mean monolayer values, 0.077, 0.077, and 0.070 $H_2O/dry$ solid was observed for <250, 250-425, and $425-850\;{\mu}m$ sized samples, respectively, however mean monolayer values were 0.121, 0.111, and 0.101 $H_2O/dry$ solid, respectively, when the GAB model was used. The experimental EMC values were related to the computed values from Henderson's model. The coefficient of determination and standard error for the linear regression were 0.997 and 0.003, respectively.

유방염에 이환된 젖소에 있어서 혈액 동태학에 관한 연구 (Study on the hemodynamics in the cows diseased with mastitis)

  • 손성기;허정호;이주홍;김충희;김곤섭;김종수
    • 대한수의학회지
    • /
    • 제35권3호
    • /
    • pp.595-601
    • /
    • 1995
  • Hemodynamic values were assessed in the cows diseased with mastitis. Hemodynamic testes were performed for white blood cell(WBC), red blood cell(RBC), packed cell volume(PCV), hemoglobin concentration, monocyte, eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, platelet concentrations, antithrombin-III and plasminogen activities. Significant alterations were observed in the mean values of most analytes. The numbers of monocytes, eosinophil, and neutrophil, and prothrombin time were increased while the number of lymphocyte, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen concentration, plasminogen activity and platelet concentration were decreased. The number of RBC, PCV, hemoglobin and antithrombin-III activity were unchanged compared with normal mean values. These data indicated that activation of hemodynamic mechanisms was initiated either directly by the endotoxin-releasing or indirectly by the inflammatory mediators released by response to etiologic agents. We suspected that the changes of hemodynamic values in the cows diseased with mastitis were very similar to those of experimental endotoxin-induced mastitis.

  • PDF

Strength and strain modeling of CFRP -confined concrete cylinders using ANNs

  • Ozturk, Onur
    • Computers and Concrete
    • /
    • 제27권3호
    • /
    • pp.225-239
    • /
    • 2021
  • Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has extensive use in strengthening reinforced concrete structures due to its high strength and elastic modulus, low weight, fast and easy application, and excellent durability performance. Many studies have been carried out to determine the performance of the CFRP confined concrete cylinder. Although studies about the prediction of confined compressive strength using ANN are in the literature, the insufficiency of the studies to predict the strain of confined concrete cylinder using ANN, which is the most appropriate analysis method for nonlinear and complex problems, draws attention. Therefore, to predict both strengths and also strain values, two different ANNs were created using an extensive experimental database. The strength and strain networks were evaluated with the statistical parameters of correlation coefficients (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). The estimated values were found to be close to the experimental results. Mathematical equations to predict the strength and strain values were derived using networks prepared for convenience in engineering applications. The sensitivity analysis of mathematical models was performed by considering the inputs with the highest importance factors. Considering the limit values obtained from the sensitivity analysis of the parameters, the performances of the proposed models were evaluated by using the test data determined from the experimental database. Model performances were evaluated comparatively with other analytical models most commonly used in the literature, and it was found that the closest results to experimental data were obtained from the proposed strength and strain models.

Long-Term Investigation of Regional Topographic Effects on Soil Chemical Properties and Heavy Metal Concentrations in Paddy Fields

  • Ahn, Byung-Koo;Kang, Seong-Soo;Shin, Jae-Yeon;Lee, Jin-Ho
    • 한국토양비료학회지
    • /
    • 제45권5호
    • /
    • pp.738-743
    • /
    • 2012
  • Topographic conditions of agricultural fields work as a important factor to identify different soil properties. This study was conducted to investigate the selected soil chemical properties and the concentrations of heavy metals, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn, in the paddy fields of different topographic areas at four year intervals from 1999 to 2011. Three-hundred soil sampling sites in the paddy fields were selected from the different topographic areas that were local valley and fans, fluvio-marine deposits, alluvial plains, and diluvial terraces. The mean values of soil pH ranged 5.7~5.8 that were within optimal range for rice cultivation. The mean values of other properties such as soil organic matter (SOM) content, the concentrations of exchangeable cations, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$, and available silicate concentration were lower or close to the optimal values, but the mean concentrations of available phosphorus were exceeded the range of optimal value, $80{\sim}120mg\;kg^{-1}$, in many paddy fields. In particular, The concentrations of available phosphorus in the paddy fields of local valley and fans, alluvial plains, and fluvio-marine plains were mostly declined. However, in diluvial terrace areas, the phosphorus concentrations unexpectedly increased; furthermore, they were significantly higher than those in other topographic areas. The mean concentrations of 0.1 M HCl-extractable heavy metals, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn, in the paddy fields were slightly and gradually declined during the study years, but the Pb concentrations were not statistically changed. In addition, the concentrations of heavy metals were widely ranged depending on the different sampling sites. Nevertheless, the concentrations of heavy metals were significantly lower than the levels of Soil Contamination Warning Standard (SCWS) for agricultural lands (1-region) presented in Soil Environment Conservation Law (SECL).

변수변환을 통한 포항지역 미세먼지의 통계적 예보모형에 관한 연구 (A Study on Statistical Forecasting Models of PM10 in Pohang Region by the Variable Transformation)

  • 이영섭;김현구;박종석;김희경
    • 한국대기환경학회지
    • /
    • 제22권5호
    • /
    • pp.614-626
    • /
    • 2006
  • Using the data of three environmental monitoring sites in Pohang area(KME112, KME113, and KME114), statistical forecasting models of the daily maximum and mean values of PM10 have been developed. Since the distributions of the daily maximum and mean PM10 values are skewed, which are similar to the Weibull distribution, these values were log-transformed to increase prediction accuracy by approximating the normal distribution. Three statistical forecasting models, which are regression, neural networks(NN) and support vector regression(SVR), were built using the log-transformed response variables, i.e., log(max(PM10)) or log(mean (PM10)). Also, the forecasting models were validated by the measure of RMSE, CORR, and IOA for the model comparison and accuracy. The improvement rate of IOA before and after the log-transformation in the daily maximum PM10 prediction was 12.7% for the regression and 22.5% for NN. In particular, 42.7% was improved for SVR method. In the case of the daily mean PM10 prediction, IOA value was improved by 5.1% for regression, 6.5% for NN, and 6.3% for SVR method. As a conclusion, SVR method was found to be performed better than the other methods in the point of the model accuracy and fitness views.

표토침식량 산정을 위한 지역별 연평균 강우침식인자 유도 (Derivation of regional annual mean rainfall erosivity for predicting topsoil erosion in Korea)

  • 이준학
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
    • /
    • 제51권9호
    • /
    • pp.783-793
    • /
    • 2018
  • 본 연구의 목적은 한국의 지역별 연평균 강우침식인자 값을 갱신하기 위한 것이다. 2012년 환경부는 표토의 침식 현황조사에 관한 고시를 공포하면서 전국 규모의 토양침식량을 추정하기 위한 모델로서 범용토양유실공식 모델을 채택한 바 있다. 이 고시에는 범용토양유실공식을 적용하기 위해 필요한, 158개 지점에 대한 지역별 강우침식인자가 포함되어 있으나, 이 값은 1997년 이전에 만들어진 데이터를 바탕으로 하고 있기에 개선될 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 우리나라 전국 단위의 연평균 강우침식인자 데이터를 수집하고 분류, 통합하여 분석에 사용하였다. 연구결과 1961~2015년 기간의 54개 지점에 대한 연평균 강우침식인자를 재산정하였으며 새로운 등강우침식도를 제시하였다. 또한 실무에서 활용이 용이하도록 국내 167개 시 군별 연평균 강우침식인자 데이터를 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 값은 표토침식량을 예측하기 위한 업데이트된 강우침식인자로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.