• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.469-473
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• 2003

Transplantation of Sargassum horneri to natural substrate using the rope seeding method was undertaken. Seeding of S. horneri was grown on net in an indoor tank up to 0.2-0.3 cm in frond length for 2 months, and then transplanted to an architecture tile $(10\times10\;cm)$ with underwater glue and an iron pipe. After two months, number of S. horneri on the tile decreased because of grazing by herbivores. However, S. horneri on the iron pipe grew up to 0.5-2.0 cm in frond length. After 7 months, they rapidly grew up to a frond length of 11.0-203.0 cm with a mean frond length of 122.6 cm. S. horneri grew up to a maximum frond length of 313.0 cm, and mean frond length of 228.0 cm, after 10 months. The artificial S. hornevi beds can be used to clean the seawater and also be utilized as a source of marine biomass as well as for supplying habitat, shelter and spawning beds for fish and invertebrates.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

Postural stability can reduce the likelihood of critical slip and fall accidents in workplaces. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of shoes type on the ability of postural control during quiet standing. The effect of workload on the body balance was also of primary concern. Thirteen healthy male undergraduate students participated voluntarily in the experimental study. Standing on a force plate with wearing slippers, sports shoes, or safety shoes, two-axis coordinate on subjects' center of pressures (COP) was obtained in the two levels, rest and workload. For the workload level, subjects performed treadmill exercise to reach the predetermined level of physical workload. By converting the position coordinates of COPs, the postural sway length in both anterior-posterior (AP) axis and medio-lateral (ML) axis was assessed. ANOVA results showed that, in AP direction, wearing slippers significantly increased the postural sway length compared to wearing sports shoes or safety shoes. No significant difference in the mean sway length in AP axis was observed between sports shoes and safety shoes. In ML direction, both the workload and the shoes type did not significantly affect the mean length of postural sway. However, the postural sway length increased marginally with the slippers especially during the workload condition. This study explains wearing slippers may interfere with the ability of postural control during quiet standing. Physical workload decreases the ability of postural stability further.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.37-48
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to analyze 'the natural groupings' of subjects in order to classify highly similar somatotype for clothing construction. The sample for the study was drawn randomly out of senior high school boys in Seoul urban area. The sample size was 425 boys between age 16 and 18. Cluster analysis was more concerned with finding the hierarchical structure of subjects by three dimensional distance of stature. bust girth and sleeve length. The groups forming a partition can be subdivided into 5 and 6 sets by the hierarchical tree of the given subjects. Ward's Minimum Variance Method was applied after extraction of distance matrix by the Standardized Euclidean Distance. All of the above data was analyzed by the computer installed at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. The major findings, take for instance, of 16 age group can be summarized as follows. The results of cluster analysis of this study: 1. Cluster 1 (32 persons means $18.29\%$ of the total) is characterized with smaller bust girth than that of cluster 5, but stature and sleeve length of the cluster 1 are the largest group. 2. Cluster 2 (18 Persons means $10.29\%$ of the total) is characterized with the group of the smallest stature and sleeve length, but bust girth larger than that of cluster 3. 3. Cluster 3(35persons means $20\%$ of the total) is classified with the smallest group of all the stature, bust girth and sleeve length. 4. Cluster 4(60 persons means $34.29\%$ of the total) is grouped with the same value of sleeve length with the mean value of 16 age group, but the stature and bust girth is smaller than the mean value of this age group. 5. Cluster 5(30 persons means $17.14\%$ of the total) is characterized with smaller stature than that of cluster 1, and with larger bust girth than that of cluster 1, but with the same value of the sleeve length with the mean value of the 16 age group.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.689-694
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the fluctuation of signal amplitude during repetitive dynamic contraction based on surface electromyography(EMG). Background: The most previous studies were considered isometric muscle contraction and they were difference to smoothing window length by moving average filter. In practical, the human movement is dynamic state. Dynamic EMG signal which indicated as the nonstationary pattern should be analyzed differently compared with the static EMG signal. Method: Ten male subjects participated in this experiment, and EMG signal was recorded by biceps brachii, anterior/posterior deltoid, and upper/lower trapezius muscles. The subject was performed to repetitive right horizontal lifting task during ten cycles. This study was considered three independent variables(muscle, amplitude processing technique, and smoothing window length) as the within-subject experimental design. This study was estimated muscular activation by means of the linear envelope technique(LE). The dependent variable was set coefficient of variation(CV) of LE for each cycle. Results: The ANOVA results showed that the main and interaction effects between the amplitude processing technique and smoothing window length were significant difference. The CV value of peak LE was higher than mean LE. According to increase the smoothing window length, this study shows that the CV trend of peak LE was decreased. However, the CV of mean LE was analyzed constant fluctuation trend regardless of the smoothing window length. Conclusion: Based on these results, we expected that using the mean LE and 300ms window length increased reproducibility and signal noise ratio during repetitive dynamic muscle contraction. Application: These results can be used to provide fundamental information for repetitive dynamic EMG signal processing.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.177-181
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• 2000

This study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters such as combining ability, heritabilities and correlation coefficients forsome agronomic characters by 6$\times$6 dialled crosses of barley. The results obtained were summarized as follows. Mean squares of general combining ability(GCA) and specific combining ability(SCA) were significant for all characters observed. Mean squares of general combining ability for all characters were expressed as higher values than those of specific combining ability. Jecheon #5 showed the high general combining ability effects for culm length, and Waegwanpimack #1 showed the highest general combining ability effects for tiller number. Cygne also showed the high general combining ability effects for spike length and 1,000 grains weight. Furthermore, Plumage was expressed with the highest general combining ability effects for spike length and 1,000 grains weight. Furthermore, Plumage was expressed with the highest general combining ability effects for number of grains per spike. In specific combining ability effects, Samdugjeonbug # 45$\times$Plumage showed the high value for culm length, and Suwon #6 $\times$Waegwanpimack #1$\times$ was expressed with the highest specific combining ability effects for tiller number. Jecheon #5$\times$Plumage also showed the high specific combining ability effects for spike length and number of grains per spike. Suwon #6$\times$Cygne showed the high specific combining ability effects for 1,000 grains weight. The heritabilities of spike length an number of grains per spike were over 90%. In correlation coefficients among characters, relationships between culm length and tiller number, culm length and spike length, culm length and 1,000 grains weight, and spike length and 1,000 grains weight showed highly positively correlation.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2004

육용계의 성장률 개량을 위한 조기 선발시, 부화시 체중과 부화시 정강이 길이 중 어느 형질을 기초로 하여 선발하는 것이 성장률 개량을 위해서 더 효율적인 방법인가를 조사하기 위하여 국내의 일반 농가에서 주로 사육되고 있는 육용계 품종 중 Cobb 종과 Ross 종 두 품종을 이용하여 5주간 시험하였으며, 시험구 배치는 부화 당일에 각 품종별로 병아리 200수중에서 부화시 체중이 무거운 그룹(HBW)과 가벼운 그룹(LBW), 혹은 부화시 정강이 길이가 긴 그룹(LSL)과 짧은 그룹(SSL)으로 나누고 각 그룹당 25수씩(수평아리, 13수: 암평아리, 12수)선발하여 배치하였던 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 두 품종 모두 부화시 체중이 유의하게(P < 0.05)더 무거웠던 개체들은 일반적으로 정강이 길이도 유의하게(P < 0.05)더 길었다. 시험 종료시 체중을 기초로 하여 그룹간에 비교를 하였을 때, Cobb 종은 BBW와 LSL간, 혹은 LBW와 SSL 그룹 상호간에는 유의한 차이가 없었고, HBW는 LBW 보다, 그리고 LSL은 SSL보다 유의하게 5주령시 체중이 더 무거웠던 반면에, Ross 종에서는 4그룹 상호간에 통계적인 유의성을 나타낼 만큼 체중의 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 한편 0 ～ 5주령간 정강이 길이의 변화에 대한 비교에 있어서는 두 품종 모두 4그룹 상호간에 크게 차이를 나타내지 못하였다. 부화시 체중(BW)과 0～5주령간 성장률(GR), BW와 0～5주령간 정강이 길이(SL), 혹은 GR ${\times}$ SL 상호간 상관분석의 결과, 일반적으로 GR ${\times}$ SL 상호간에만 두품종 모두 유의한(P < 0.05 ～ 0.001)상관관계를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 성장률 개량을 위하여 조기 선발을 하는 경우, 부화시 체중을 기초로 하여 선발을 하든지, 아니면 부화시 정강이 길이에 의해 선발을 하든지 간에 부화 이후의 성장률에는 크게 차이가 없어 체중을 측정하는 것보다 정강이 길이를 측정하는데 시간이 더 많이 걸리고, 또한 정강이 길이를 측정하는 것이 체중을 측정하는 것보다 상대적으로 정확도가 떨어지기 때문에 부화시 체중을 기초로 하여 성장률 개량을 도모하는 편이 더 용이하리라 사료된다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and radiographic results of open reduction and internal fixation for intraarticular calcaneal fractures. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 20 cases of calcaneal fractures managed with open reduction and internal fixation from March 2003 to January 2005. We used the computed tomographic classification system proposed by Sanders et al to classify these fractures. Preoperative and postoperative Bohler's angle, heel height (calcaneal facet height) and calcaneal length, calcaneal width were measured. The Creighton-Nebraska Health Foundation Assessment score was used for clinical evaluation. Results: There were 12 cases of type II fractures, 5 of type III fractures and 3 of type IV fractures. The mean clinical score was 84.3 for type II, 82.6 for type III and 56.1 for type IV. The mean preoperative $B{\ddot{o}}hler$ angle was $6.1^{\circ}$ and final was $22.8^{\circ}$. The mean preoperative calcaneal facet height was 76.6 mm and final was 80.3 mm (The mean calcaneal facet height was changed from preop 76.6 mm to postop 80.3 mm). The mean preoperative calcaneal length was 88.2 mm and final was 92.6 mm. The mean preoperative width was 38.1 mm and final was 35.6 mm. Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation showed good results for type II and III fractures, but for type IV fractures the clinical result was significantly worse than the other types. However, type IV fractures still had restoration of (should be restored in) $B{\ddot{o}}hler's$ angle, calcaneal facet height, calcaneal length and width which may be helpful in later subtalar fusion.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 1996

피라미의 아가미로부터 검출된 Myxobolus sp.의 성숙 포자는 정면에서 특징적인 봉합융기가 없는 난형, 측면에서 직선적인 봉합면을 가진 레몬모양을 나타내었고 대칭적이며 표면이 평평한 포자각을 가졌다. 평균적인 포자의 길이, 넓이 및 두께는 각각 $10.4{\mu}m$, 7.7mm 및 $6.2{\mu}m$ 였고 평균적인 극낭의 길이와 넓이는 $4.6{\mu}m$와 $2.2{\mu}m$로 측정되었고 극낭속에 있는 극사는 6또는 7coil로 관찰되었으며 방출된 극사의 길이는 55-135㎛이었다. 한편으로 성숙 포자는 작은 극포간 돌기, 타원형의 요오드 친화성 공포 및 점막이 존재하는 것으로 관찰되었고 성숙 포자의 형태 및 크기는 M. cyprinicola Reuss, 1906과 가장 비슷한 것으로 나타났다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.361-367
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• 2014

Cuttlefish Sepia esculenta are commercially important in Korea. Assessments of their biomass currently depend on fishery-landings data, which may be biased. Towards fishery-independent acoustic surveys of cuttlefish, target strength (TS) measurements at 70 and 120 kHz were made of 23 live cuttlefish, in early May 2010. The fish were caught by traps in the inshore waters around Geojedo, Korea. The TS were measured using split-beam echosounders (Simrad ES60 and EY500, respectively). The cuttlefish mantle lengths (L) ranged from 15.6 to 23.5 cm (mean L=17.8 cm) and their masses (W) ranged from 335 to 1020 g (mean W=556.1 g). Their mean TS values at 70 and 120 kHz were -33.01 dB (std=1.39 dB) and -31.76 dB (std=2.15 dB), respectively. The mean TS at 70 kHz was 0.17 dB higher than the TS-length relationship resulting from a least-squares fit to the data ($TS=24.67{\log}_{10}L(cm)-64.03$, $r^2$ = 0.52, N=23). The mean TS at 120 kHz was 0.45 dB higher than the fitted TS-length relationship ($TS=40.59{\log}_{10}L(cm)-82.96$, $r^2$ = 0.58, N=23). The differences between the mean TS values and an equation regressed from all of the TS measurements at both frequencies ($TS=24.92{\log}_{10}L(cm)-4.92{\log}_{10}{\lambda}(m)-22.82$, $r^2$ = 0.86, N=46) was 0.22 dB at 70 kHz and 0.31 dB at 120 kHz, respectively.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.8.1-8.11
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• 2016

To quantitatively estimate the influence of cuttlebone on the target strength (TS) of golden cuttlefish, the cuttlebone was carefully extracted from 19 live cuttlefish caught using traps in the inshore waters around Geojedo, Korea, in early May 2010 and the TS was measured using split-beam echosounders (Simrad ES60 and EY500). The TS-length relationships for the cuttlefish (before the extraction of cuttlebone, Fish Aquat Sci. 17:361-7, 2014) and the corresponding cuttlebone were compared. The cuttlebone length ($L_b$) ranged from 151 to 195 mm (mean $L_b$ = 168.3 mm) and the mass ($W_b$) ranged from 29.3 to 53.2 g (mean $W_b$ = 38.8 g). The mean TS values at 70 and 120 kHz were -33.60 dB (std = 1.12 dB) and -32.24 dB (std = 1.87 dB), respectively. The mean TS values of cuttlebone were 0.19 dB and 0.04 dB lower than those of cuttlefish at 70 and 120 kHz, respectively. For 70 and 120 kHz combined, the mean TS value of cuttlebone was -32.87 dB, 0.11 dB lower than that of cuttlefish (-32.76 dB). On the other hand, the mean TS value of cuttlebone predicted by the regression ($TS_b$ = 24.86 $log_{10}$ $L_b$ - 4.86 $log_{10}$ ${\lambda}$ - 22.58, $r^2$ = 0.85, N = 38, P < 0.01) was -33.10 dB, 0.04 dB lower than that of cuttlefish predicted by the regression ($TS_c$ = 24.62 $log_{10}$ $L_c$ - 4.62 $log_{10}$ ${\lambda}$ - 22.64, $r^2$ = 0.85, N = 38, P < 0.01). That is, the contribution of cuttlebone to the cuttlefish TS determined by the measured results was slightly greater than that by the predicted results. These results suggest that cuttlebone is responsible for the TS of cuttlefish, and the contribution is estimated to be at least 99 % of the total echo strength.