• Plant Resources
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.250-257
• /
• 2005

This study was performed to provide basic information of the development and breeding of new cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus L., which have more beautiful and diverse flowers. Morphological characteristics of the flowers and leaves, and genetic variation of the flowers color of two Jeoktanshim-line cultivars, Bulsae and Pyungsung, were crossed each other. The result of the cross between Bulsae and Pyungsung are as follows: Mean flower height and width were 5.35 cm and 7.69 cm, respectively. Mean length and width of petal were 5.43 cm and 3.80 cm respectively, and mean length and width of flower pistil were 4.67 cm and 0.44 cm, respectively. The flower color of all ten individuals was the color of the Jeoktanshim-line, and Pyungsung, and all flower type were I-c type.

• Water Engineering Research
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.33-48
• /
• 2001

For the design of suitable aquatic habitats and habitat management purposes, sensitive descriptors for aquatic areas were identified and analyzed. The classification system of the aquatic areas were developed for natural streams and modified streams in Korea. Relationships among the descriptors of an aquatic area such as channel width, meander wave length, and arc angle have been defined. The analysis indicates that the total mean sinuosity is 1.25 for the main channels of natural streams, whereas the mean value of the sinuosity of modified streams is 1.14. The mean values of the total area, the width, and the length for the sandbars of natural streams are larger than those of modified streams.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.1487-1498
• /
• 2016

In monitoring a process, in-control process parameters must be estimated from the Phase I data. When we design the control chart based on the estimated process parameters, the control limits are usually chosen to satisfy a specific in-control average run length (ARL). However, as the run length distribution is skewed when the process is either in-control or out-of-control, the median run length (MRL) can be used as alternative measure instead of the ARL. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of Shewhart $\bar{X}$ chart with estimated parameters in terms of the average of median run length (AMRL) and the standard deviation of MRL (SDMRL) metrics. In simualtion study, the grand sample mean is used as a process mean estimator, and several competing process standard deviation estimators are used to evaluate the in-control performance for various amounts of Phase I data.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.22-29
• /
• 1998

A limb-sparing operation has a definitive role in the treatment of osteosarcoma in the lower extremity of skeletally-immature patients. After a limb-sparing operation, leg length discrepancy remains as a major disability that should be corrected. This study was designed to suggest methods of tumor resection and proper timing of leg length equalization in skeletally immature osteosarcoma patients. From September 1990 to January 1998, we reviewed eight osteosarcoma patients in an immature skeletal age. There were 4 males and 4 females, and their mean duration of follow-up was 50.37 months (range : 25 to 88 months). Mean skeletal age was 8 years (range : 8 months to 11 years). The patients were classified according to the methods of tumor resection ; intercalary resection in 1 case, transepiphyseal resection in 1, intra-articular resection in 5, and extra-articular resection in 1. The results were as follows ; 1. The leg lengthening was begun when a patient's leg length discrepancy reached 4-5cm. 2. The age of final lengthening with permanent reconstruction was 14 years in males and 12 years in females (about 2 years before skeletal maturity). 3. When reconstruction was performed with a temporary spacer, the site of lengthening Was in the soft tissue, not in bone, and then a permanant reconstruction was done. 4. Reconstruction with a biologic spacer to preserve the joint function was a reasonable method for equalization of leg length. In conclusion, the appropriate choice of reconstructive method and the age at which to correct the leg length discrepancy in a skeletally-immature osteosarcoma patients are important factors for maintaining leg length at full maturity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.84 no.3
• /
• pp.188-199
• /
• 2021

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease with increased prevalence in the elderly. Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosome, which progressively shorten as cells divide. Telomere length is known to be a molecular marker of aging. This study aimed to assess the relationship between telomere length and the risk of COPD, lung function, respiratory symptoms, and emphysema index in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Dusty Areas (CODA) cohort. Methods: We extracted DNA from the peripheral blood samples of 446 participants, including 285 COPD patients and 161 control participants. We measured absolute telomere length using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. All participants underwent spirometry and quantitative computed tomography scan. Questionnaires assessing respiratory symptoms and the COPD Assessment Test was filled by all the participants. Results: The mean age of participants at the baseline visit was 72.5±7.1 years. Males accounted for 72% (321 participants) of the all participants. The mean telomere length was lower in the COPD group compared to the non-COPD group (COPD, 16.81±13.90 kb; non-COPD, 21.97±14.43 kb). In COPD patients, 112 (75.7%) were distributed as tertile 1 (shortest), 91 (61.1%) as tertile 2 and 82 (55%) as tertile 3 (longest). We did not find significant associations between telomere length and lung function, exacerbation, airway wall thickness, and emphysema index after adjusting for sex, age, and smoking status. Conclusion: In this study, the relationship between various COPD phenotypes and telomere length was analyzed, but no significant statistical associations were shown.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.172-176
• /
• 2005

Purpose: There have been a few data about esophageal length in children and previous data are improper for application to various procedures. Because of the variability in height and weight of each the individuals especially in children, measurable external parameters are needed. Methods: We measured distance from upper incisor to esophago-gastric junction using a flexible endoscope and compared these data with age, height and weight in 262 children who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Results: The mean age was $9.0{\pm}3.6year$ (from 2 days to 16 year of age), mean height was $132.89{\pm}23.49cm$ and mean length from upper incisor to esophago-gastric junction was $33.34{\pm}5.42cm$. Correlation between distance from upper incisor to esophago-gastric junction and height was the mostly predictable indicator of the esophageal length (Pearson correlation=0.944). We propose a formula [Esophageal length=4.419+($0.218{\times}height$)] as a indicator of the esophageal length (p=0.000, $R^2=0.891$). Conclusion: The esophageal length in children and for application to various procedures can be reliably predicted by using the height.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.566-574
• /
• 2006

Purpose : This study was performed to provide an anatomical information of the mandibular ramus for the successful inferior alveolar nerve block. Three dimensional images were reconstructed from the computerized tomography (CT) and the anatomical evaluation of the mandibular ramus was done. Materials and methods : Sixty-four patients who had been taken the facial CT scans from 2000, Jan to 2003, June was selected. The patients who had the anterior or posterior teeth misssing, edentulous ridge, and jaw fracture were excepted. In the occulusal plane, the lingual surface angle (LSA) between the mid-sagittal plane and the mandibular molar lingual surface from the 2nd premolar to the 2nd molar, the inner ramal surface angle (IRSA), the maximum inner ramal surface angle (MxIRSA), and the outer ramal surface angle (ORSA) to the-mid sagittal plane were measured. The inner ramal surface angle in the ligular tip level (IRSA-L) and the outer ramal surface angle in the ligular tip level (ORSA-L), the ramal length (RL), and the anterior ramal length (ARL) were also measured in the lingular tip level. Results : In the lingular tip level, the mean IRSA-L and ORSA-L were $28.6{\pm}6.3^{\circ}$ and $17.9{\pm}4.9^{\circ}$ respectively. The larger was the IRSA, the larger was the ORSA. In the lingular tip level, the mean ramal length was 35.8${\pm}$3.4 mm. The larger was the IRSA-L, the shorter was the ramal length. On the lingular tip level, the mean anterior ramal length from anterior ramus to lingular tip was 19.6${\pm}$3.3 mm. when the ramal length was longer, the anterior ramal length was also longer. On the lingular tip level, there was positive correlation vetween the IRSA and the ORSA, negative correlation between the IRSA and the ramal length, and positive correlation between the ramal length and the lingular tip level to the anterior ramus. There was no statistical meaning of data between sex and age. Conclusion : In the clinical view of the results so far achieved, if the direction of needle is closer to posterior it is able to contact bone on lingular tip when the internal surface of ramus is wided outer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.86-95
• /
• 1992

We have performed surgical operations for 184 primary lung carcinomas over a 10 year period from December, 1979 to December, 1990 at the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. We have reviewed 77 cases confirmed to be dead in the post-operative follow-up period among 184 cases. There were 68 males and 9 females [M: F=7.56: 1], with 76.62% ranging between 50 to 70 years old There were 50 cases[64.94%] of squamous cell carcinoma, 15[19.48%] of adenocarcinoma, 4[5.19%] of large cell carcinoma, 4[5.19%] of mixed cell carcinoma 3 [3.90%] of small cell carcinoma % 1 case of bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma. There were 25 cases[32.47%] in stage I, 12 [15.58%] in stage II 32 [41.56%] in stage IIIa and 8 [10.39%] in stage IIIb according to the new international staging system for lung cancer. The operative methods were left pneumonectomy in 38 cases, right pneumonectomy in 21, bilobectomy in 5, lobectomy in 12, and wedge resection in one case.ase. There were 9 operative mortalities; one case by bleeding, 5 cases by respiratory failure, one case by bleeding & renal failure, one case by empyema thoracis with BPF and one case by brain metastases. The actuarial mean survival length was 14.636$\pm$18.188months overall and 16.441$\pm$18. 627months in 68 cases excluding 9 operative deaths. The actuarial mean survival length was 18.568$\pm$11.057 months in 43 squamous cell carcinomas, 14.385$\pm$11.057 months in 14 adenocarcinomas, 10.250$\pm$8.884months in 4 large cell carcinomas and 12.250$\pm$17.193months in 4 mixed cell carcinomas. The actuarial mean survival length was 14.051$\pm$16.963months in 59 pneumonectomy cases, 15.200$\pm$12.478 months in 5 bilobectomy cases, 18.417$\pm$26.026months in 12 lobectomy cases. The actuarial mean survival length was 28.952$\pm$25.738months in 22 stage I cases, 19. 455$\pm$16.723months in ll stage II cases, 8.633$\pm$6.584months in 29 stage IIIa cases and 6. 167$\pm$4.355months in 6 stage IIIb cases. The differences of actuarial mean survival length according to the stages were statistically significant [a=0.003]

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.214-221
• /
• 2019

This study suggests basic data for taxonomic research among similar species by observing osteological development of larvae of Hemibarbus longirostris. Newly hatched yolk-sac larvae were 8.10±0.02 mm (n=5) in mean total length, and frontal, parasphenoid, and basioccipital in the cranium were ossified. On the 6 days after hatching, flexion-larvae were 10.9±0.26 mm (n=5) in mean total length, hyomandibular, sympletic, and ectopterygoid in the cranium were ossified. On the 12 days after hatching, post-larvae were 12.2±0.55 mm (n=5) in mean total length, interopercle in operculum region and postclavicle in shoulder girdle bone were ossified. On the 25 days after hatching, post-larvae were 16.1±0.27 mm (n=5) in mean total length, epihyal and interhyal in hyoid arch, two epural in caudal skeleton, interneural processes, and interhaemal processes were ossified. On the 40 days after hatching, juvenile were 27.9±3.74 mm (n=5) in mean total length, all skeletal development completed with hypural bone in the caudal skeleton region fused in three forms (1, 2+3, 4+5).

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.5-14
• /
• 2009

This study is to analyze numerically the spatial behaviors of the solute transport in a spatially correlated variable-aperture fracture under the effective normal stress conditions. Numerical results show that the solute transport in a fracture is strongly affected by the spatial correlation length of apertures and applied effective normal stress. According to increasing spatial correlation length, the mean residence time of solute is decreased and the tortuosity and Peclet number (is a dimensionless number relating the rate of advection of a flow to its rate of diffusion) is also decreased. These results mean that the geometry of the aperture distribution is favorable to the solute transport as the spatial correlation length is increased. However, according to the applied effective normal stress is increased, the mean residence time and tortuosity have a tendency to increase but the Peclet number is decreased. The main reason that the Peclet number is decreased, is that the solute is displaced by one or two channels with relatively higher local flow rate due to the increment of contact areas by increasing effective normal stress. Moreover, based on numerical results of the solute transport in this study, the exponential-type correlation formulae between the mean residence time and the effective normal stress are proposed.