• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.56-67
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to recognize and compare the concrete factors(perception of painless delivery, Strength of labor pain, the time of labor, APGAR score, satisfaction of painless delivery) on primiparae with and without painless delivery. The subjects were 100 primipara with painless delivery and 100 without painless delivery who had delivered at K university's general hospital in Daegu city. The data that were collected from May. 20, 1998 to July. 30 analysed by the SPSS program. The results of the study were summarized as follow; 1) As a result of the perspective of the painless labor, the mean of primiparae with painless labor was higher than primiparae without painless labor. It was statistically significant(t=-2.63, p=0.0093). 2) As a result of the strength of labor pain, the mean of primiparae without painless labor was higher than primiparae with painless labor. And it was statistically significant(t=17.074, p=0.000). 3) As a result of comparison to the time of labor, In the 1st stage, Without painless labor group was higher than the other (t=256, p=0.0114). In the 2nd stage, with painless labor group was higher than the other(t=-2.13, p=0.0346). But in the 3rd stage, there was no significant differences between two groups. 4) As a result of measuring APGAR score, there was no significant differences. 5) As a result of measuring the satisfaction of painless labor in painless labor group, 'satisfied with painless labor' is 77%, but 'unsatisfied with explanation from health care giver' was 33%. On the basis of above findings, the following is suggested ; It is needed a extended study which are designed for multiparae. And also we suggested that independent nursing-intervention program has to be developed for controlling the labor pain that must lead to positive labor experiences.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 1992

This study has made use of the work sampling for work analysis and productivity of food service institutions centering on 3 general hospitals of 400∼600 beds and centralized service system in Seoul. The results were as flollows; 1. In the mean work percent of dietitians: The indirect work functions marked the highest, as it was 22.0% for the direct work functions, 57.4% for the indirect work functions and 20.6% for the delays. Among the indirect work functions, the decreasing order was original clerical (38.1%), instruction or teaching (8.5%), conference or interview (8.5%), and appraisal (2.3%). 2. In the mean work percent of clerical personnels: The direct work functions (67.2%) marked the highest. Among those, routine clerical was 64.3%, and receiving was 2.8%. 3. In the mean work percent of workers: The direct work functions (77.4%) marked the highest. Among those, the decreasing order was service (24.7%), cooking (22.5%), cleaning (18.2%), and transportation (10.3%). 4. Work percent per labor hour: Dietitians usually continued to work even during the lunch time. In case of clerical personnel working in turn, work percent was high even during the lunch time, however in the other case, it was very low. It was shown that the workers had lunch and break time after every their service. 5. The number of meals served per labor hour were 6.3 meals, and labor time spent per served meal 9.8 minutes.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.323-332
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate work analysis by use of work sampling and productivity of school feeding at three elementary schools in Seoul. The results were as knows: 1. In the mean work percent of dietitians The direct work functions showed the highest, as the mean work percent was 40.4% for me direct work functions, 29.9% for me indirect work functions and 29.8% for me delays. Among the direct work functions, routine clerical was 30.9%, and receiving was 9.5%. 2. In the mean work percent of bakers The direct work functions (73.5%) marked the highest. Among those, cooking was 41.8%, transportation was 15.9%, and cleaning was 8.5%. 3. In the mean work percent of workers The direct work functions (781%) were me highest. Among those, the decreasing order was cooking (32.3%), cleaning (27.8%), and transportation (13.8%). 4. Work percent per labor hour The work percent per labor hour of dietitians was higher in the morning than in me afternoon, while they continued to work even during the lunch time. Bakers usually worked in me morning, but rarely worked in me afternoon. Workers had lunch and break time after their food service. In me school aided by parents volunteers, the total work time of workers was reduced by an hour and their work percent in me afternoon was high. 5. The number of mea1s served per labor hour was 32.6 meals, and me labor time spent per served mea1 was 1.8 minutes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.690-703
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• 1997

The purpose of this study were to analyze work function and labor productivity in school foodservice systems through work sampling methodology. Conventional foodservice were classified into 5 group depending on the number of meals served. Commissary school foodservices were also classified into 5 group by cluster analysis using the number of meals served, the number of satellite schools, and the duration of time for delivery of food. Work measurement through work sampling methodology was conducted in at 5 conventional and 21 commissary food -services during 3 consecutive days from September to October in 1995. Results from work measurement through work sampling methodology were as followed : The most prevalent work functions was cleaning (26.5%) and then processing (25.1%) in conventional while it was processing (30.9%) and then cleaning(25.2%) in commissary school foodservice. Delay was 22.9% and 19.7% respectively. Mean labor minutes per meal of conventional and commissary foodservics were 4.57 and 4.09 minutes, respectively : no significant difference in labor minutes per meal existed between the two systems. but mean labor minutes per meal of commissary foodsevices(1.79min) was significantly lower than that of conventional foodservice(2.33min) during work time before service (p<0.05). Productivity was significantly lower in foodservices which served less than 400 servings ; n significant differences existed among 401-70, 701-1,100 and 1,101-1,500 meals. The highest productivity was in conventional school foodservices which served 1,501-1,900meals. Labor minutes per meal of commissary school foodservice which served less than 400meals per day was significantly lower than those of foodservice which served 401-1,900meals (p<0.05). Labor minutes per meal, preparation and cleaning were positively correlation in two school foodservice systems.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 1997

For the purpose of investigating the subjective symptom of industrial fatigue, a questionnaire survey was carried out on 282 labor workers and 189 managerial workers who were employed at the manufacture of electronic products in two small scale industries. Checklist of industrial fatigue was composed of physical symptoms(10 items), mental symptoms(10 items), and sensory neurotic symptoms(10 items). The results were as follows : 1. Complain rate of fatigue was the highest in "eye strain" of physical symptom, "feel anxious about things" of mental symptom, and "feel stiffness in the neck or the shoulders" of sensory neurotic symptom in labor workers and managerial workers. 2. Managerial workers demonstrated II dominant type (mental or night work type), while labor workers demonstrated I dominant type of fatigue (general type). 3. Mean weighted score of fatigue complaints in labor workers (23.16) was significantly higher than that in managerial workers (20.34). 4. Mean weighted scores of fatigue complaints in male, 5~9 years of work duration, married, 4~5 hours of sleeping time, graduation of high school and college, and large of workload were significantly higher in labor workers than in managerial workers. 5. In poor work condition with temperature, ventilation, illumination and noise, the average weighted score was significantly higher in labor workers than in managerial workers.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.256-267
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• 2015

Purpose. The objective of this study was to investigate factors influencing turnover intention index of work environment, emotional labor by hospital nurses Methods. A survey was conducted with 290 nurses who were working hospital. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with SPSS window 18.0 program. Result. Findings revealed that; 1) The mean scores were 2.81 [range : 1-5] for work environment, 3.24 [range : 1-5] for emotional labor, 3.43 [range : 1-5] for turnover intention. 2) Pearson's correlation revealed work environment was negatively correlated with turnover intention but emotional labor positively correlated with the turnover intention. 3) Hrarchical multiple regression analysis showed work environment, ages, assign ward, period in current hospital, emotional labor significantly influenced turnover intention in hospital nurses. Conclusion. These findings can be utilized to development of strategies to improving the work environment, managing the emotional labor for decreasing turnover intention of hospital nurses so that can be long time.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 1989

The authors investigated mortality rate of hospitalized CWP(coal workers' pneumoconiosis) patients. Date, which was composed of age, date of hospitalization, date of death, and radiological findings(profusion of small opacity, type of large opacity, tuberculosis, emphysema, pneumothorax, and cardiac abnormality), was gathered from medical charts and chest x-ray films at the time of hospitalization of CWP patients. Among 738 CWP patients, that were entered survey differently and have followed different period, 160 CWP patients were died during different observational period. Mean value of observational period was 203 weeks, and mean age at hospitalization was 51 years. Because of short observational period, mean survival time could not found. There was statistically significant difference of mortality rate between group of small opacity and that of large opacity. In group of small opacity 5 year survival rate was 0.80 and in group of large opacity that was 0.73. And 80 percentile survival time was 57 months in group of small opacity and that was 40 months in group of large opacity.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.188-202
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effect of one-to-one labor support on labor pain, labor stress response, childbirth experience and neonatal status for primipara by a quasi experiment (nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design), from April 30, 1999 to February 20, 2000. The subjects of this experiment consisted of eighty two primipara with single gestation, full term, uncomplicated pregnancies. Forty one were in the experimental group and forty one in the control group. Their mean age was 25.95 years, their mean gestation period was 39.9 weeks. A caring package of one-to-one labor support had three components. Physical support consisted of massage, back pressure, touch. Emotional support was provided by a continuous nurse's presence, acceptance and encouragement. Informational support involved teaching breathing skills, relaxation skills and knowledge about the labor process. Data assessed labor pain, pulse rate and blood pressure to measure labor stress response. Also, in measuring the value of labor stress response, plasma epinephrine, plasma norepinephrine and serum cortisol were measured. In the 24 hours after birth, the data for the postpartum mother's childbirth experiences was collected. Umbilical cord arterial blood pH, one minute and five minute Apgar score were measured after birth. Data was analyzed by t-test, $x^2$-test, repeated measures ANOVA, ANCOVA with SAS Program. The results were as follows; 1. Labor pain was significantly low in the experimental group(P=.016). 2. No significant group effects were found, but significant time effects were found for plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, serum cortisol, pulse rate and blood pressure. 3. The childbirth experience of the experimental group was significantly more positive than the control group (P = .005). 4. The umbilical cord arterial blood pH of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group(P=.014). There was no significant difference between the two groups in neonatal one minute and five minute Apgar scores. In conclusion, these findings indicate that one-to-one labor support could be effective in decreasing labor pain, and increasing positive childbirth experiences, also increasing the neonatal umbilical cord arterial blood pH for primipara. So, one-to-one labor support could be applied as an effective nursing treatment for primipara.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.705-717
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 중등 과학교사의 감정노동의 실태를 파악하고자 감정표현규칙, 감정노동 유형, 감정노동 사례, 과학 특정 감정표현규칙에 대해서 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 중등 과학교사를 대상으로 '과학교사 감정노동 설문지(TELSTS)'를 개발하여 145명의 설문응답 결과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중등 과학교사들은 학교현장에서 과학교사로서 요구되거나 기대되는 감정표현규칙이 있다는 것에 동의하였으며, 특히 긍정적 감정표현규칙을 더 잘 인식하고 있었다. 둘째, 중등과학교사들은 자신들이 인식한 감정표현규칙을 지키기 위해 감정노동을 수행하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며 특히 내면행위에 대한 응답 평균값이 높았다. 집단별 차이를 보면 정교사 여부와 교직경력에 따라서 감정노동에 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 과학교사의 특수성을 분석한 결과, 주로 실험지도와 과학의 객관적, 논리적 이미지와 관련되었으며, 74%의 응답이 부정적이거나 중립적인 감정표현규칙에 해당하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과가 과학교육에 주는 시사점을 논의하였다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2001

This study was designed to verify the effect of Doula-type-delivery nursing care on plasma $\beta$-endorphin, serum cortisol, related to delivery stress during labor, and postpartum anxiety of primipara by a quasi experiment(nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design), from December, 1999 to August, 2000. The subjects of this experiment consisted of sixty eight primipara, with single gestation, full term, uncomplicated pregnancies, thirty three for the experimental group and thirty five for the control group. Their mean age was 26.1 years for the experimental group and 25.5 years for the control group. Their mean gestation period was 39.7 weeks for the experimental group and 40.1 weeks for the control group. As treatment, Doula-type-delivery nursing care was given for the experimental group. Data assessed plasma $\beta$-endorphin, serum cortisol during labor, and anxiety during postpartum. Plasma $\beta$-endorphin, serum cortisol were measured in the latent phase before treatment(pre-test) and the transition phase after treatment(posttest). Also, anxiety was measured in the latent phase before treatment(pre-test) and 24 hours postpartum after treatment(posttest). Data was analyzed by t-test, $x^2$-test, Repeated measures ANOVA with SAS Program. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Plasma $\beta$-endorphin was significantly elevated in the experimental group who were cared for with Doula-type-delivery nursing care during labor(P=.0463). 2. No significant group effects were found, but significant time effects were found for serum cortisol. 3. The postpartum anxiety of the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(P=.0110). In conclusion, these findings indicate that Doula-type-delivery nursing care during labor could be effective in increasing maternal plasma $\beta$-endorphin and decreasing postpartum anxiety. Doula-type-delivery nursing care during labor could be applied as an effective nursing treatment for primipara.